List of shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly

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The list of shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly is a list of ships which sank on or near the Isles of Scilly. The list includes ships that sustained a damaged hull, which were later refloated and repaired.

Scilly Isles: map by John Bartholomew

Contents

[edit] Before 1601

[edit] 1305

  • An unnamed sailing vessel wrecked on Tresco. The Coroner, William le Poer, on the island to take charge of the salvaged cargo is ″seized by the mob″ lead by Randulph de Blancminster, Lord of the Manor, and imprisoned until he was able to purchase his freedom.[1]

[edit] 1555

  • Unidentifed Spanish or Spanish–Netherlands vessel on Bartholomew Ledge. The oldest wreck site in the Isles of Scilly protected under the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973.[1]

[edit] 1601-1700

[edit] 1616 or 1617

[edit] 1617

  • unknown date – the ship Pinnace ( England) of the East India Company driven aground on the Western Rocks whilst homeward bound from Bantam to London. Men and goods saved and she made a second voyage to Java.[1]

[edit] 1636

[edit] 1641

[edit] 1645

[edit] 1665

  • 18 January – East Indiaman ship Royal Oak lost (probably) on Pednathlse Head. Some of the crew managed to abandon ship and took to a ″low rock″ where they were rescued 52 hours later.[3][1]

[edit] 1701-1800

[edit] unknown year

  • a French seventy–four gun ship was wrecked on the Western Rocks whilst making an attempt to invade the islands, an accompanying frigate managed to evade the rocks and return to France.[4]

[edit] 1707

The Scilly naval disaster of 1707

[edit] 1743

  • 13 June — VOC Hollandia, cargo ship bound from Amsterdam to Batavia wrecked on Gunner Rock, Annet with the loss of 276 souls.[6] In 1971 Rex Cowan found the wreck, a large quantity of coins along with bronze cannons and mortars.[7]

[edit] 1758

  • the Furnace with a cargo of brandy, oil, prunes, rosin and pewter wrecked on Broad Ledge near Guther's Island.[8]

[edit] 1759

  • January – whilst bound for Barcelona from London and Falmouth the Vincento Farea lost at Scilly.[9]
  • 23 February – Schooner Anna Adriana wrecked at Scilly. The crew and cargo lost.[9]

[edit] 1782

[edit] 1784

  • February — the Nancy, carrying actress Ann Cargill and her young child, struck the Gilston in the Western Rocks and sank in deeper water near Rosevear Ledges. Some of the crew and passengers took to a small boat which was dashed on Rosevear killing all aboard. In total 36 crew, 12 passengers, and 1 prisoner drowned.[11][12]
  • 31 December — the Aurora struck a sunken rock off Land's End and made it to the Isles of Scilly finally sinking in St Helen's Gap. Cargo salvaged and she was refloated.[13]

[edit] 1790

  • the Elizabeth with a cargo of salt wrecked under Tinklers Hill, St Martin's.[8]

[edit] 1791

  • April – Scilly pilot boat sunk off Old Town Bay with the loss of eleven men.[14]

[edit] 1797

  • September – The Lethe wrecked on Scilly Rocks.[9]

[edit] 1798

  • 10 December — HMS Colossus, British naval vessel wrecked off Samson in St Mary's Roads. One sailor drowned.[15]

[edit] 1801-1850

[edit] 1804

  • July – Whilst bound for London from Waterford The Exchange foundered west of Scilly.[9]

[edit] 1812

  • November – the Ketch Dublin bound for Londonderry from London holed after hitting a ledge whilst leaving Scilly. The captain had refused to have a pilot on board.[14]

[edit] 1813

  • 27 January 1813 – The West Indian merchant ship Queen Charlotte was lost with four sailors. During the rescue operation, two Scilly pilots also drowned.

[edit] 1821

  • The St Martin's Preventive Service boat capsized with the loss of the four men on board.[8]

[edit] 1829

  • Ocean on Rosevear Ledges.[12]

[edit] 1830

  • 19 January – the Hope with a cargo of peppers, ivory, gold dust and palm oil wrecked off the north coast of St Martin's after mistaking the daymark for St Agnes lighthouse. The cargo of gold dust and elephant tusks were saved but four people lost their lives.[8]

[edit] 1833

  • January – The St Martin's pilot boat sank in heavy seas with the loss of all ten men.[8]
  • 13 February – Sixth rate HMS Forester ran aground at Cruther's Point, St Martin during whilst a ″...great gale raged over the UK″. She was later refloated.[8][1]
  • 13 February – Providence driven ashore in Crow Sound.[1]

[edit] 1835

[edit] 1839

  • December – the St Vincent hit Chimney Rocks and sank.[8]

[edit] 1840

  • Welsh brig Jane Ellen ( United Kingdom) struck a rock in St Helen's Gap, lost her rudder and went aground on rocks near St Helen's. The crew saved.[17]

[edit] 1841

  • 4 January – a paddle steamer the Dublin steam packet SS Thames, en route from Dublin to London sank with 62 of the 66 passengers and crew drowned in a strong NE gale near Corregan and Rosevear. Her Captain mistook the St Agnes light for the Longships and changed course to head north. Pilot gig Whale, the only boat which managed to reach the wreck, saved three women.[12][18]
  • December – St Martin's pilot boat sank. The crew of six escaped with their lives.[14]

[edit] 1843

  • 21 November – British schooner Challenger ( United Kingdom) from Surinam was wrecked on the Nundeeps.
  • Wooden schooner Douro wrecked on passage from Liverpool to West Africa with a cargo of bailed goods, armoury and brass stops (horseshoe shaped manillas or bracelets used as tokens in the slave trade)[19]

[edit] 1844

  • unknown date – Vespa lost on the Woolpack, Garrison, St Mary's.[9]

[edit] 1846

  • British tender the Eddystone ( United Kingdom) driven onto Men-a-Vaur whilst leaving Old Grimsby Harbour; cargo saved. A Scheduled Ancient Monument[20]

[edit] 1848

  • 27 December – seventeen lives lost when the Palinurus with a cargo including hogsheads of rum wrecked off White Island.[8]

[edit] 1851-1900

[edit] 1853

  • 24 March 1853 — German cargo ship Sultana was lost on the Nundeeps and her whole crew drowned in the wreck.

[edit] 1860

  • 14 July 1860 — Austrian SV Osvetitel was wrecked in fog on the Maiden Bower Rock, but her crew and most of her cargo was recovered.

[edit] 1863

  • December 1863— Sailing ship Friar Tuck with a cargo of tea wrecked in a north-west gale on Porth Loo, St Mary's. Crew landed by rocket apparatus.[12]

[edit] 1870

  • 1st week of April 1870 — SS Sado lost on the Brow of the Ponds between Crebawthan and Jackyl Rock. Carrying a cargo of wood, wine, oranges and eggs. ″Some of the eggs hatched, the breed of fowl proved unsatisfactory and eventually died″.[12]

[edit] 1871

  • 1871 – the Belle of the South hit the Perconger Ledge, repaired and continued her journey to South Africa.[12]
  • 20 December 1871 – SS Delaware.[12]

[edit] 1872

  • 16 July 1872 — SS Earl of Arran passenger steamer, which travelled between the islands and Penzance struck the rock St Martin's Neck and beached on Nornour after a passenger, Stephen Woodcock, a pilot-boat crew member though himself not a pilot, talked the Captain into taking an unusual course ″... to give the passengers a better view″. The 92 passengers and crew were saved though the Earl was beyond help.[8][21][12]
  • 6 October 1872 – Little Western wrecked on the Wells Reef.[21]
  • 23 November 1872 – Italian barque Rosa Tacchini was wrecked on the Paper Ledges, near Tresco after her anchors dragged. No one was hurt, but the wreck remained in its position for some years.

[edit] 1873

  • 10 June 1873 – Local sailing lugger Cornish Girl sank after striking the Round Rock in the Spanish Ledges. The crew escaped.

[edit] 1874

  • 18 January 1874 — Minnehaha, cargo ship, bound for Dublin, wrecked on Peninnis Head, St Mary's with the loss of ten lives including the Pilot.[12]
  • 22 March 1874 — the upturned hull of the sailing ship James Armstrong, with a cargo of mahogany and coconuts, found between St Martin's and the Seven Stones and towed to St Mary's beach by the Queen of the Bay. The coconuts were inedible![12]
  • 16 April 1874 — SS Zelda was sunk on the Maiden Bower Rock in fog. Her crew and passengers were saved, and some cargo was salved by divers. When the wreck was inspected in 1966, it was found that not only had the SS Brinkburn sunk on top of the Zelda in 1898, but that evidence of an unknown wooden warship was found beneath it.[22]

[edit] 1875

  • 8 May 1875 — SS Schiller, German liner on journey from New York to Hamburg, wrecked on Retarrier Ledges with the loss of 335 people.[23]

[edit] 1876

  • 1876 – British barque Bordelaise with a cargo of ″railway iron″ lost on The Hats.[12][24]
  • 1876 – British ship Zelda ( United Kingdom) with a cargo of rice lost on Maiden Bower.[12]

[edit] 1877

  • June 1877 — The SS Castleford (see also: 1887) struck the Crebawethans and led to some of her cargo of 250 to 450 cattle being landed on Annet and staying there for up to ten days.[25]

[edit] 1878

  • 23 October 1878 — Ely Rise carrying ″patent fuel″ struck rocks near The Hats. Refloated and repaired.[12]
  • 31 December 1878 — brigantine Minerve ( France) driven onto rocks between Wrass and Morning Point. The crew bar one that swam to safety were saved by the rocket apparatus.[12]

[edit] 1879

  • 27 July — cargo carrying barque River Lune in ballast was lost near Meledgan south of Annet after a faulty chronometer put her off course. She sank in ten minutes, but the crew escaped. A few hours later, the sailing barque Maipu was wrecked on Maiden Bower near Bryher in heavy fog. Again, the crew were saved.[12]

[edit] 1880

  • The St Martin's cutter Queen grounded on Par Beach, St Martin's and wrecked.[8]
  • October — the coal ship Argo wrecked between Teän and St Martin's. All the crew saved.[8]

[edit] 1881

  • 7 May – the SS Culmore with a cargo of onions and oranges hit the Crim.[26]
  • November – the Excelsior grounded on Crow Bar and consequently beached on St Martin's for repairs (see also 1882).[8]

[edit] 1882

  • 24 April 1882 – London barge St Vincent sank near Pelistry after striking the Spanish Ledges. The crew escaped, but there was much embarrassment as she was carrying an island pilot.
  • The Excelsior sank off St Martin's after repairs on a St Martin's beach (see 1881).[8]

[edit] 1883

  • 9 February – Criccieth Castle lost on Porthcress Beach.[24]

[edit] 1885

  • 17 December 1885 — Cargo ship SS Sussex struck the Maiden Bower Rock after being caught in heavy fog, although the captain was travelling at an unsafe speed. The ship drifted off the rock, and the crew escaped. The wreck broke up a week later in heavy seas.
  • 1885 Earl of Lonsdale wrecked in Smith Sound, off the Troy Town maze, St Agnes.[27]

[edit] 1887

  • 8 June 1887 – Steamer SS Castleford (see also: 1877) ran aground amongst the Western Rocks, spilling 450 cattle into the sea, many of which were later rescued.

[edit] 1891

  • unknown date – Steamship Chiswick ran aground on the Seven Stones Reef.[28]

[edit] 1893

Horsa shipwreck
  • 4 April 1893, full–rigger Horsa with a cargo of oats and wool from New Zealand grounded in Bread and Cheese Cove on St Martin's, and capsized some hours later whilst being towed off by The Lyonesse: no-one was killed.[29] Wrecked in March according to Cooper (2002).[8]
  • 24 November 1893, The SS Serica nearly foundered and took shelter in St Mary's Roads on the 19th. As she left she struck an uncharted rock (later named Serica Rock) and sank.[30]

[edit] 1898

  • 15 December 1898, Steamship SS Brinkburn was sunk in fog on the Maiden Bower Rock. Her crew were saved. Inspection of the wreck showed that beneath her were two other ships, one unknown.

[edit] 1901-1914

Thomas W. Lawson

[edit] 1901

  • 22 June 1901 — sailing ship Falklands struck the Crebinacks and drifted onto the Bishop's Rock where she foundered with several of the crew drowning. Some of the crew made it on to the ship's boat which was piloted to St Mary's by the St Agnes lifeboat.[24]

[edit] 1902

  • Lofaro sunk off St Martin's Head with the loss of the crew despite attempts by the gig Emperor to save them. The Lofaro figurehead is currently in the Valhalla Museum on Tresco.[8]

[edit] 1903

  • 17 June 1903 — Newcastle steamer James Spier bound for Bastia from Liverpool rammed in dense fog by Norwegian barque Magdelen 30 miles SSW. Lost her mizzen mast and towed to Penzance by steam trawler Buckhound.[21]

[edit] 1904

[edit] 1906

[edit] 1907

  • 14 December 1907 — Thomas W. Lawson, the world's only seven-masted schooner going as bulk oil carrier in charter for the Anglo-American Oil Co. Bound for London from Philadelphia the huge schooner was caught in a northwest gale off the Isles of Scilly on the 13 December 1907. The ship foundered between the Crim Rocks and Meledgan, broke apart, capsized, and sank with a loss of 16 men including the Scillonian pilot on board. Only two men, the captain and engineer survived, found the following day on Meledgan by the son of the pilot who was out searching for his father.[24][31]

[edit] 1909

  • August — a grain boat struck the Lethegus' Ledge off St Agnes in thick fog. All the crew were saved but a man and boy from Hugh Town were lost when the boat went down without warning as they were unloading the cargo.[31]

[edit] 1910

  • 18 April 1910 — SS Minnehaha, first-class liner hit Scilly Rock off Bryher in dense fog. Later refloated with no loss of life.[24]

[edit] 1911

  • 8 January 1911 — Ardencraig ( United Kingdom) off the Gunners, abandoned by the crew and foundered about three o'clock in the afternoon in the North West Channel.[24][32]

[edit] 1913

[edit] 1914

  • 23 June 1914 — Gothland struck the Crim with a ″consignment of Belgium undesirables″ deported from the USA. The passengers were landed on St Mary's and later taken to Cornwall on the Lyonesse. The Gothland was refloated.[24]

[edit] World War I

[edit] 1915

  • 1 May 1915 — Gulflight, American tanker, later refloated

[edit] 1917

  • 11 May 1917 — Two ships are wrecked on the same day during heavy fog, the SS Italia, a steam collier was wrecked on the Wingletang Rock off St Agnes, and the SS Lady Charlotte, another collier, was lost on Porth Hellick on St Mary's.
  • 5 October 1917 — American schooner Annie F. Conlon was badly damaged by gunfire from a German submarine, and was towed to Tean Sound, where she rapidly broke up.
  • 6 December 1917 — USS Jacob Jones, American destroyer

[edit] 1919-1939

[edit] 1921

  • 20 January 1921 — HMS K5, British submarine, about 120 mi (190 km) south-west of the Isles of Scilly with the loss of 57 lives[33]

[edit] 1927

  • 27 October 1927 — Isabo ( Italy) with a cargo of grain ashore on the Scilly Rock, west of Bryher. Three small boats Czar, Ivy and Sunbeam saved 31 men from the sea and wreck. Conditions deteriorated by the time lifeboat Elsie (RNLI FLAG.png Royal National Lifeboat Institution) arrived and she had to leave four men clinging to the rigging, returning the next day to pick them up along with one from the Scilly Rock. (The account of the rescue differs with 28 or 36 men saved out of a crew of 38).[18]
  • 23 December 1927 — schooner Gougou ( France) dismasted 300m from the Seven Stones Lightship. The crew of seven men taken off by the St Mary's lifeboat and the Gougou was picked up the next day by Trinity vessel SS Mermaid and towed to Penzance.[34]
  • 26 December 1927 — sailing barge Daphne of Rochester was abandoned by her crew and foundered one mile east of St Mary's with her main sail lost. With her jib set she sailed on into Crow Sound and grounded on Tresco. Three days later she was towed to St Mary's as salvage, repaired and returned to Rochester.[24]

[edit] World War II

[edit] 1939

  • 22 December 1939 — SS Longships, a British cargo ship, was wrecked on the Seven Stones rocks near where the Torrey Canyon would later be lost. The crew were rescued.

[edit] 1944

[edit] 1945

  • 21 January 1945 — U-1199, German U-boat[35]
  • 24 February 1945 — Oriskany, fruit cargo ship
  • 24 February 1945 — U-1208, German U-boat.[35][37]
  • 10 March 1945 — U-681, German U-boat[35]

[edit] 1946-2000

[edit] 1949

  • unknown date — The Fantree a 6,300 ton cargo ship with a cargo of hardwood struck the Seven Stones Reef.[28]

[edit] 1951

  • 10 September 1951 — The Scilly Isles packet steamer SS Scillonian ran ashore on the Wingletang Rock in fog. She was later refloated and continued in service.[38]

[edit] 1955

  • 21 January 1955 — Manto ( Panama) a former liberty ship previously known as Stepas Darius, drifted onto rocks 0.5 miles north west of St Helens when her engines failed. Twenty five crew saved by the St Mary's lifeboat. A Scheduled Ancient Monument.[39]
  • 22 July 1955 — Panamanian registered steamer Punta ( Panama) drove onto the Seven Stones reef and was abandoned by her crew. She filled and sank soon afterwards.

[edit] 1967

  • 18 March 1967 — Torrey Canyon, ran aground on Pollard's Rock in the Seven Stones reef between the Cornish mainland and the Isles of Scilly, loaded with 120,000 tonnes of crude oil. The vessel released 31,000 gallons of oil much of which washed up on the Cornish coast.[40]

[edit] 1970

  • 25 February 1970 — French channel trawler Jean Gougy was lost on the Western Rocks. The exact location is unknown, but wreckage and a body were washed up on Tresco. The other 13 crew were never found.
  • 15 April 1970 — The Cypriot MV Poleire transporting zinc ore to Poland was wrecked on the Little Kettle Rock north of Tresco, and rapidly sank.

[edit] 1976

  • 29 September 1976 – The Romanian fish factory ship Rarau was wrecked on the Seven Stones, where she later sank, although the crew were all rescued.[28]

[edit] 1977

  • 13 February 1977 — French trawler Enfant du Bretagne was lost on the Western Rocks at night. Coastguards were able to reach the crew, but all drowned in the heavy seas before they could be brought aboard.

[edit] 1979

  • August 1979 — Fastnet race, many racing yachts sank in extreme weather

[edit] 1997

MV Cita
  • 26 March 1997 — MV Cita ( Antigua and Barbuda), German owned cargo ship wrecked on St Mary's. The St Mary's lifeboat took all nine Polish crew ashore.[41]
  • 16 May 1997 — passenger ship MS Albatros, sustained 200-foot gash, later repaired

[edit] 1999

  • 1 October 1999 — Rachel Harvey, fishing boat, later refloated

[edit] 2000

  • 29 March 2000 — sailing race vessel Team Philips, front section of hull broke off, later repaired.

[edit] Since 2001

[edit] 2005

  • 4 July 2005 — trawler Sauveterre ( France sank sixty miles off the Isles of Scilly[18]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Larn, Richard; Larn Bridget (1997). Shipwreck Index of the British Isles. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 
  2. ^ "Record wreck 'found off Cornwall'". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cornwall/6671975.stm. Retrieved 13 December 2011. 
  3. ^ Stevens, Todd (Summer 2011). "Shipwrecks of the Simon Bayly Chart of 1680". Scillonian (273): 204-213. 
  4. ^ Woodley, George (1822). A view of the present state of Scilly islands. Truro: J Carthew County Library. 
  5. ^ Sobel, Dava, Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time, Fourth Estate Ltd., London 1998, p. 6, ISBN 1-85702-571-7
  6. ^ McFarland, F (June 1929). "From Far and Wide". The Scillonian 4 (18): 183. 
  7. ^ "The J B Close Collection of Historic Naval Cannon". Donnington, Newbury. 15 July 2009. http://www.dnfa.com/search.asp?view=lotno&auction=13167&lotno=1007&uniqueid=364788-5. Retrieved 12 January 2012. 
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cooper, Glynis (2002). St Martin's the ancient port of Scilly (First ed.). Glossop: Historic Occasions. pp. 32. ISBN 1 900 00600 6. 
  9. ^ a b c d e Stevens, Todd (Summer 2011). "Wrecks not in any island record". Scillonian (273): 94. 
  10. ^ "Madonna de Carminic". English Heritage. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_shipwrecks_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly&action=edit&section=3. Retrieved 20 December 2011. 
  11. ^ de Bruxelles, Simon (2008-09-18). "Divers close in on lost fortune of Ann Cargill, a scandalous star". The Times. http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/the_way_we_live/article4775914.ece. Retrieved 2008-09-19. 
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o McFarland, F (1927). "Shipwrecks of Scilly 1841 to 1880". Scillonian 11. 
  13. ^ "Aurora". English Heritage. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1326897&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=10&maplat=49.97231429&maplong=-6.32349858&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-6.3235&mapila=49.9723&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SV900170&mapigrn=17050&mapigre=90050&mapipc=&p=3&move=n&nor=46&recfc=0. Retrieved 20 December 2011. 
  14. ^ a b c Anon (Summer 2011). "Features". Scillonian (273): 201-2. 
  15. ^ Camidge, Kevin (2002). "HMS Colossus". http://www.cismas.org.uk/docs/colossus_survey_report_2002.pdf. Retrieved 24 January 2012. 
  16. ^ "Malta". English Heritage. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=878655&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=10&maplat=49.97231429&maplong=-6.32349858&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-6.3235&mapila=49.9723&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SV900170&mapigrn=17050&mapigre=90050&mapipc=&p=3&move=n&nor=46&recfc=0. Retrieved 20 December 2011. 
  17. ^ "Jane Ellen". English Heritage. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=878687&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=10&maplat=49.97231429&maplong=-6.32349858&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-6.3235&mapila=49.9723&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SV900170&mapigrn=17050&mapigre=90050&mapipc=&p=3&move=n&nor=46&recfc=0. Retrieved 20 December 2011. 
  18. ^ a b c Larn, Richard; Larn, Bridget. Wreck & Rescue round the Cornish Coast. Redruth: Tor Mark Press. p. 48. ISBN 978 085025 406 8. 
  19. ^ "Slave beads shown". The Cornishman. 3 April 2008. 
  20. ^ "Eddystone". English Heritage. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1124293&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=10&maplat=49.97231429&maplong=-6.32349858&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-6.3235&mapila=49.9723&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SV900170&mapigrn=17050&mapigre=90050&mapipc=&p=3&move=n&nor=46&recfc=0. Retrieved 20 December 2011. 
  21. ^ a b c Carter, C. (1998). The Port of Penzance: a history. Lydney: Black Dwarf Publications. ISBN 0 9533028 0 6. 
  22. ^ Stevens, Todd; Cummings Ed (2011). "The Search for the Nancy Wreck". Scillonian (272): 160–62. 
  23. ^ "Museum News". Scilly Up To Date. April 1999. http://www.scillyonline.co.uk/sutd/120/pages/museum.html. Retrieved 2 November 2011. 
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i McFarland, F M (March 1928). "Shipwrecks of Scilly (Conclusion)". The Scillonian 4 (13): 18–22. 
  25. ^ Gurney (1889) "Notes on the Isles of Scilly and the Manx Shearwater (Puffinus anglorum)"; Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society. In: Parslow, R. (2007) The Isles of Scilly. London: HarperCollins
  26. ^ McFarland, F (December 1927). "Shipwrecks of Scilly 1881 to 1900". Scillonian 4 (12): 402-5. 
  27. ^ Ratcliffe, J (1989). The Archaeology of Scilly. Truro: Cornwall Archaeological Unit. 
  28. ^ a b c Liddiard, John. "Seven Stones". http://www.jlunderwater.co.uk/old_site/photoix/seven_stones/seven_stones.htm. Retrieved 31 October 2011. 
  29. ^ Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 20
  30. ^ The Cornishman. 18 January 1894. p. 8'
  31. ^ a b Mothersole, Jessie (1914). The Isles of Scilly. London: The Religious Trace Society. http://ia700303.us.archive.org/8/items/theislesofscilly00moth/theislesofscilly00moth.pdf. Retrieved 29 September 2011. 
  32. ^ Noall, C. (1969?) Cornish Shipwrecks Illustrated. Truro: Tor Mark Press; p. 22
  33. ^ "Features". Scillonian. Winter 2011. 
  34. ^ "Royal National Lifeboat Institution". The Scillonian 4 (13): 28–9. March 1928. 
  35. ^ a b c d e Innes McCartney (2002). Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel. 
  36. ^ Corin, J; Farr, G. (1983). Penlee Lifeboat. Penzance: Penlee & Penzance Branch of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. pp. 120. ISBN 0 9508611 0 3. 
  37. ^ The U-480 was believed to have been sunk here also, but its wreck was found in 1998 south of the Isle of Wight, see Uboat.net
  38. ^ Mumford, Clive (8 September 2011). "Calamity for islands' vital vessel". Cornishman. 
  39. ^ "MANDO". English Heritage. http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1519482&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=10&maplat=49.97231429&maplong=-6.32349858&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-6.3235&mapila=49.9723&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SV900170&mapigrn=17050&mapigre=90050&mapipc=&p=3&move=n&nor=46&recfc=0. Retrieved 20 December 2011. 
  40. ^ Robinson, P. (2003) The Birds of the Isles of Scilly. London: Christopher Helm.
  41. ^ "1997 Something to Remember". Scilly Up To Date. Dec/Jan/Feb 1997/8. 

[edit] Further reading

  • Arlott, John (1972) Island Camera: the Isles of Scilly in the photography of the Gibson family; in collaboration with Rex Cowan and Frank Gibson. Newton Abbot: David & Charles ISBN 0715357743
  • Du Boulay, Juliet (1959) "Wrecks of the Isles of Scilly", in The Mariner's Mirror; 1959
  • Larn, Richard & Carter, Clive (1969) Cornish Shipwrecks. 3 vols. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1969–71
  • Noall, Cyril (1968) Cornish Lights and Shipwrecks. Truro: D. Bradford Barton
  • Scilly Museum Shipwrecks Around the Isles of Scilly.
  • Vivian, John (1969) Tales of the Cornish Wreckers. Truro: Tor Mark Press
  • Cumming, Ed (2010) Shipwreck & Ship Incidents. www.scillypedia.co.uk
  • Larn, Richard & Carter, Clive (1993) Shipwrecks of the Scilly Isles. Shipwreck & Marine. ISBN 0-946537-84-4. See further literature and details: ScillyMaritime.co.ukShipwrecks UK
  • Fowles, John (1974) Shipwreck; photography by the Gibsons of Scilly. London: Jonathan Cape ISBN 0-224-01053-0
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