List of solar thermal power stations

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The first three units of Solnova in the foreground, with the two towers of the PS10 and PS20 solar power stations in the background.

This is a list of solar thermal power stations. These include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power installation in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 150 MW) and Extresol Solar Power Station (Spain, 100 MW). The 370 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world’s largest solar thermal power plant project currently under construction. The Solana Generating Station is a 280 MW solar power plant which is under construction about 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Phoenix, Arizona. The Mojave Solar Park is a 280 MW solar thermal power facility under construction in the Mojave Desert in California, which should be completed in 2014.[1] There are plans to build many other large solar thermal plants.

The solar thermal power industry is growing rapidly, with about 1.17 gigawatts (GW) of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants online as of 2011.[2] 582 megawatts of them are located in Spain, and the United States has 507 MW of capacity. About 17 GW of CSP projects are under development worldwide, and the United States leads with about 8 GW. Spain ranks second with 4.46 GW in development, followed by China with 2.5 GW.[2]

Contents

[edit] Operational

Operational Solar Thermal Power Stations
Capacity
(MW)		 Name Country Location Coordinates Technology type Notes
354 Solar Energy Generating Systems  USA Mojave Desert, California 35°01′54″N 117°20′53″W / 35.03167°N 117.34806°W / 35.03167; -117.34806 (Solar Energy Generating Systems) parabolic trough Collection of 9 units
150 Solnova Solar Power Station  Spain Sanlúcar la Mayor 37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W / 37.4166667°N 6.28889°W / 37.4166667; -6.28889 (Solnova Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Solnova 1 completed May 2010
Solnova 3 completed May 2010
Solnova 4 completed August 2010 [3][4][5][6][7]
150 Andasol solar power station  Spain Guadix 37°13′42.70″N 3°4′6.73″W / 37.228528°N 3.0685361°W / 37.228528; -3.0685361 (Andasol solar power station) parabolic trough Andasol 1 completed, 2008, with 7.5h thermal energy storage
Andasol 2 completed, 2009, with 7.5h thermal energy storage
Andasol 3 completed, 2011, with 7.5h thermal energy storage[8][9]
100 Extresol Solar Power Station  Spain Torre de Miguel Sesmero 38°39′N 6°44′W / 38.65°N 6.733°W / 38.65; -6.733 (Extresol Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Extresol 1 completed February 2010
Extresol 2 completed December 2010[10][11][12]
100 Palma del Rio Solar Power Station  Spain Palma del Río 37°38′N 5°15′W / 37.633°N 5.25°W / 37.633; -5.25 (Palma del Rio Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Palma del Rio 2 completed December 2010 [10]
Palma del Rio 1 completed July 2011[10]
100 Manchasol Power Station  Spain Alcázar de San Juan 39°11′N 3°18′W / 39.183°N 3.3°W / 39.183; -3.3 (Manchasol Power Station) parabolic trough Manchasol-1 completed January 2011, with 7.5h heat storage[10]
Manchasol-2 completed April 2011, with 7.5h heat storage[10]
100 Valle Solar Power Station  Spain San José del Valle 36°39′N 5°50′W / 36.65°N 5.833°W / 36.65; -5.833 (Valle Solar Power Station) parabolic trough Completed December 2011, with 7.5h heat storage[13][10]
75 Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center  USA Indiantown, Florida 27°03′11″N 80°33′00″W / 27.05306°N 80.55°W / 27.05306; -80.55 (Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center) ISCC steam input into a combined cycle [14]
64 Nevada Solar One  USA Boulder City, Nevada 35°48.0′N 114°58.6′W / 35.8°N 114.9767°W / 35.8; -114.9767 (Nevada Solar One) parabolic trough Operational since 2007
50 Ibersol Ciudad Real  Spain Puertollano, Ciudad Real parabolic trough Completed May 2009[15]
50 Alvarado I  Spain Badajoz 38°49′37″N 06°49′34″W / 38.82694°N 6.82611°W / 38.82694; -6.82611 (Alvarado I) parabolic trough Completed July 2009[16][17][18]
50 La Florida  Spain Alvarado (Badajoz) parabolic trough Completed July 2010 [10][19]
50 Majadas de Tiétar  Spain Caceres parabolic trough Completed August 2010 [20][10]
50 La Dehesa  Spain La Garrovilla (Badajoz) parabolic trough Completed November 2010 [10]
50 Helioenergy 1  Spain Ecija parabolic trough Completed September 2011 [21][22]
50 Lebrija-1  Spain Lebrija parabolic trough Completed July 2011[10][23]
20 PS20 solar power tower  Spain Seville 37°26′38″N 06°15′34″W / 37.44389°N 6.25944°W / 37.44389; -6.25944 (PS20 solar power tower) solar power tower Completed April 2009
20 Beni Mathar Plant  Morocco Ain Bni Mathar ISCC [24][25]
17 Yazd integrated solar combined cycle power station  Iran Yazd parabolic trough World's first solar combined cycle power plant
17 Gemasolar  Spain Fuentes de Andalucia (Seville) solar power tower Completed May 2011. [26] With 15h heat storage [10]
11 PS10 solar power tower  Spain Seville 37°26′36.42″N 06°15′14.28″W / 37.44345°N 6.2539667°W / 37.44345; -6.2539667 (PS10 solar power tower) solar power tower World's first
commercial solar tower
5 Kimberlina Solar Thermal Energy Plant  USA Bakersfield, California fresnel reflector AREVA Solar, formerly Ausra demonstration
plant[27]
5 Sierra SunTower  USA Lancaster 34°46′0.0″N 118°8′0.0″W / 34.76667°N 118.13333°W / 34.76667; -118.13333 (Sierra SunTower) solar power tower North America's only operating solar tower, completed August 2009 [28][29][30]
5 Archimede solar power plant  Italy Syracuse, Sicily 37°4′51″N 15°14′32″E / 37.08083°N 15.24222°E / 37.08083; 15.24222 (Archimede solar power plant) parabolic trough ISCC with heat storage
Completed July 2010 [31][32]
2 Liddell Power Station Solar Steam Generator  Australia New South Wales 32°22′26″S 150°58′40″E / 32.37389°S 150.97778°E / -32.37389; 150.97778 (Liddell Power Station, New South Wales) fresnel reflector electrical equivalent steam boost for coal station[33][34]
2 Keahole Solar Power  USA Hawaii parabolic trough [35][36]
1.5 Maricopa Solar  USA Peoria, Arizona dish stirling SES / Tessera Solar's first commercial-scale Dish Stirling power plant. Completed January 2010[37]
1.5 Jülich Solar Tower  Germany Jülich solar power tower Completed December 2008[38]
1.4 Puerto Errado 1  Spain Murcia fresnel reflector Completed April 2009[39]
1 Saguaro Solar Power Station  USA Red Rock parabolic trough [40]
0.25 Shiraz solar power plant  Iran Shiraz parabolic trough Iran's first solar power plant
1652.65 Overall operational capacity
Solar thermal power stations
Solar Towers from left: PS10, PS20.  
The PS10 concentrates sunlight from a field of heliostats onto a central tower.  
Sopogy's Keahole Solar Power installation in Hawaii.  

[edit] Under construction

Solar Thermal Power Stations under construction
Capacity (MW) Name Country Location Coordinates Expected completion Technology Notes
370 Ivanpah Solar Power Facility  USA San Bernardino County, California 35°34′N 115°28′W / 35.567°N 115.467°W / 35.567; -115.467 (Ivanpah Solar Power Facility) 2013 solar power tower [41][42]
280 Solana Generating Station  USA West of Gila Bend, AZ 32°55′N 112°58′W / 32.917°N 112.967°W / 32.917; -112.967 (Solana Generating Station) 2013 parabolic trough with 6h heat storage[43][44]
250 Mojave Solar Park  USA San Bernardino County, California 2014 parabolic trough [1][45]
250 Ashalim power station  Israel Negev desert 2013 parabolic trough [46][47]
110 Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project  USA Nye County, Nevada 38°14′N 117°22′W / 38.233°N 117.367°W / 38.233; -117.367 (Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project) 2013/14 power tower with 10h heat storage [48]
100 Solaben 2, 3  Spain Logrosan 2012 parabolic trough [49]
100 Helios 1+2  Spain Ciudad Real 2012 parabolic trough [10]
100 Shams  UAE Abu Dhabi Madinat Zayad 2012 parabolic trough [50][51]
100 Solacor 1+2  Spain El Carpio 2012 parabolic trough [10]
100 Termosol 1+2  Spain Navalvillar de Pela (Badajoz) 2013 parabolic trough [10]
50 Helioenergy 2  Spain Ecija 2012 parabolic trough [21][22]
50 Extremasol 1  Spain Extremadura 2013 parabolic trough with 7.5h thermal energy storage[52]
50 Extresol 3  Spain Torre de Miguel Sesmero (Badajoz) 38°39′N 6°44′W / 38.65°N 6.733°W / 38.65; -6.733 (Extresol Solar Power Station) 2012 parabolic trough with 7.5h heat storage[10][11]
50 Astexol 2  Spain Badajoz 2011 parabolic trough [10][53]
50 Arenales PS  Spain Moron de la Frontera (Seville) 2013 parabolic trough [10][53][54]
50 El Reboso 2  Spain El Puebla del Rio (Seville) 2012 parabolic trough [55]
50 Morón  Spain Moron de la Frontera (Sevilla) 2012 parabolic trough [10]
50 Olivenza 1  Spain Olivenza (Badajoz) 2012 parabolic trough [10]
50 La Africana  Spain Posada 2012 parabolic trough [10]
50 Guzman  Spain Palma del Río 2012 parabolic trough [10]
50 Orellana  Spain Orellana 2012 parabolic trough [10]
50 Casablanca  Spain Cáceres 2013 parabolic trough [10]
50 Enerstar Villena Power Plant  Spain Villena 2013 parabolic trough [56][10]
50 Aste 1A  Spain Alcázar de San Juan 2012 parabolic trough [10]
50 Aste 1B  Spain Alcázar de San Juan 2012 parabolic trough [10]
30 Puerto Errado 2  Spain Murcia 2012 fresnel reflector [57][10]
27.5 Jinshawan  China China solar updraft tower

Operations underway at 200KW [58]
25 Termosolar Borges  Spain Borges Blanques (Lleida) 2012 parabolic trough [10]
20 Kuraymat Plant  Egypt Kuraymat 2011 ISCC [59]
25 Hassi R'mel integrated solar combined cycle power station  Algeria Hassi R'mel 2011 ISCC [60]
12 Alba Nova 1  France Corsica 2013 Fresnel First utility-scale solar thermal plant in France [61]
1.4 THEMIS Solar Power Tower  France Pyrénées-Orientales 42°30′5″N 1°58′27″E / 42.50139°N 1.97417°E / 42.50139; 1.97417 (Themis (solar power plant)) solar power tower Hybrid solar/gas electric power, using solar energy to heat the air entering a gas turbine[62]
1 Renovalia  Spain Albacete dish [10]
2151.9 Overall capacity under construction

[edit] Announced

[edit] Announced — USA

Solar Thermal Power Stations Announced in the USA
Capacity MW Name Country Location Coordinates Technology Notes
750 Rio Mesa Solar Project  USA Riverside County, California [63]
500 Fort Irwin  USA San Bernardino County, California 35°14′47″N 116°40′55″W / 35.24639°N 116.68194°W / 35.24639; -116.68194 (Fort Irwin) unnamed solar thermal
technology, military		 [64]
484 Palen Solar Power Project  USA Riverside County, California solar trough Solar Millennium, Chevron [41]
340 Hualapai Valley Solar Project  USA Mohave County, Arizona parabolic trough [65][66]
300 Unnamed  USA Florida fresnel reflector [67]
250 Beacon Solar Energy Project  USA Kern County,California parabolic trough [41]
250 Harper Lake Solar  USA San Bernardino County, California solar trough [41]
250 Genesis Solar Energy Project  USA Riverside County, California solar trough [41]
200 Unnamed Kingman solar project  USA Mohave County, Arizona parabolic trough [68]
200 Enviromission Australia  USA Arizona solar updraft tower [69]
200 BrightSource PPA5  USA Mojave, California power tower [41]
200 BrightSource PPA6  USA Mojave, California power tower [41]
200 BrightSource PPA7  USA Mojave, California power tower [41]
150 Rice Solar Energy Project  USA Riverside County, California power tower with 7h heat storage [41]
150 Crossroads Solar Energy Project  USA Maricopa County, Arizona power tower with 10h heat storage [70][71]
107 San Joaquin Solar 1&2  USA Fresno County, California parabolic trough hybrid
with biomass		 [72][73]
100 Calico Solar Energy Project
(SES Solar One)		  USA San Bernardino County, California  ?? [41][74]
92 Suntower  USA Doña Ana County, New Mexico solar tower [75][76]
84 eSolar 1  USA Los Angeles County, California solar tower [41]
66 eSolar 2  USA Los Angeles County, California solar tower [41]
62 City of Palmdale Hybrid Power Project  USA Palmdale, California parabolic trough steam input for hybrid gas plant [41]
59 Unnamed  USA Barstow, California parabolic trough with heat storage [77]
50 Victorville 2 Hybrid Power Project  USA Victorville, California parabolic trough steam input for hybrid gas plant [41]
50 Sound Hybrid G  USA Unannounced hybrid [78]
5 Kalaeloa Solar One MicroCSP Power Project  USA Barbers Point Naval Air Station, Hawaii MicroCSP parabolic trough steam input for power generation with thermal storage [79]
6510 Overall capacity announced in the USA

[edit] Announced — Spain

Solar Thermal Power Stations Announced in Spain
MW Name Location Coordinates Technology Notes
200 Andasol 4–7 Granada parabolic trough with heat storage [11]
100 Solnova 2, 4–5 Sevilla 37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W / 37.4166667°N 6.28889°W / 37.4166667; -6.28889 (Solnova Solar Power Station) parabolic trough with heat storage [80]
50 Ibersol Badajoz Fuente de Cantos parabolic trough [81]
50 Ibersol Valdecaballeros 1–2 Valdecaballeros parabolic trough [81]
50 Ibersol Sevilla Aznalcollar parabolic trough [81]
50 Ibersol Almería Tabernas parabolic trough [81]
50 Ibersol Albacete Almansa parabolic trough [81]
50 Ibersol Murcia Lorca parabolic trough [81]
50 Ibersol Zamora Cubillos parabolic trough [81]
100 Aste 3, 4 Alcázar de San Juan
(Ciudad Real)		 parabolic trough [53]
50 Astexol 1 Extremadura parabolic trough [53]
50 AZ 20 Sevilla power tower [80]
50 Alcázar Solar Thermal Power Project Alcázar de San Juan power tower [82]
20 Almaden Plant Albacete power tower [83]
10 Gotasol Gotarrendura linear fresnel [84]
0.08 Aznalcollar TH Sevilla dish sterling [80]
1080.08 Overall capacity announced in Spain

[edit] Announced — other countries

Solar Thermal Power Stations Announced In Other Countries
MW Name Location Coordinates Technology Notes
2000 Sudan Solar Program Sudan unknown [85]
2000 unknown Mongolian desert, China power tower [86]
2000 unknown Morocco unknown [87]
250 Solar Gas Power Station Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Parabolic trough Gas [88]
72 Mashhad solar-thermal power station Mashhad, Iran Parabolic dish with tracer system [89]
60 Mashavei Sadde solar-thermal power station Mashavei Sadde(Negev), Israel CSP [90]
14 Agua Prieta II integrated solar combined cycle power station Agua Prieta(Sonora), IMexico ISCC [91][92]
10 Cloncurry solar power station Cloncurry, Australia 20°42′15.60″S 140°30′20.21″E / 20.704333°S 140.5056139°E / -20.704333; 140.5056139 (Cloncurry solar power station) power tower with heat storage [93]
6656.0 Overall capacity announced in other countries

[edit] Out of commission

  • Solar One (converted into Solar Two) — USA California, 10 MW, power tower design
  • SES-5 — USSR, 5MW, power tower design, water / Steam, service period 1985-1989[94]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b "US government backs Abengoa’s solar project with $1.2billion loan guarantee". Energy Efficiency News. 19 September 2011. http://www.energyefficiencynews.com/i/4480/. 
  2. ^ a b Wang, Ucilia (6 June 2011). "The Rise of Concentrating Solar Thermal Power". Renewable Energy World. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/06/the-rise-of-concentrating-solar-thermal-power. 
  3. ^ Abengoa Rakes in $426M for 4 Solar Power Plants
  4. ^ "Abengoa Begins Operation of 50MW Concentrating Solar Power Plant". SustainableBusiness.com News. May 6, 2010. http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/20263. Retrieved 2010-05-07. 
  5. ^ Abengoa Solar begins commercial operation of Solnova 1
  6. ^ Abengoa Solar begins commercial operation of Solnova 3
  7. ^ Abengoa Solar Reaches Total of 193 Megawatts Operating
  8. ^ Andasol 1 has started test run
  9. ^ The Construction of the Andasol Power Plants
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Lokalizacion de Centrales Termosolares en Espana
  11. ^ a b c Solar Thermal Power Generation - A Spanish Success Story
  12. ^ ACS LAUNCHES THE OPERATION PHASE OF ITS THIRD DISPATCHABLE 50 MW THERMAL POWER PLANT IN SPAIN, EXTRESOL-1
  13. ^ VALLE 1 and VALLE 2
  14. ^ Here comes the sun! FPL's Next Generation Solar Energy Center to be world's first hybrid solar plant, first utility-scale solar facility in Florida
  15. ^ José María Barreda and Ignacio Galán open IBERDROLA RENOVABLES’ first solar termal power plant
  16. ^ Acciona Status Solarpaces 2008 p.25
  17. ^ ACCIONA Energía develops 900-million-euro renewables projects in the region of Extremadura
  18. ^ ACCIONA opens its first CSP plant in Spain, in Extremadura
  19. ^ Spain - A Solar Thermal Powerhouse
  20. ^ Acciona starts work on its €237 million CSP plant in Spain
  21. ^ a b Renewable Energy Magazine: Abengoa-E.ON joint solar thermal electric plant comes online
  22. ^ a b Abengoa Projects in Andalucia
  23. ^ Solel Begins Construction on New 50 MW Solar Field in Spain using Advanced SunField LP Technology
  24. ^ King Mohamed VI Launches Thermo-Solar Energy Plant in Morocco
  25. ^ World Bank: Nurturing Low Carbon Economy in Morocco
  26. ^ Torresol Energy commissions Gemasolar Power Plant in Spain
  27. ^ Ausra’s first solar thermal plant starts up
  28. ^ eSolar Flips the Switch on First Solar Power Tower in U.S.
  29. ^ eSolar Ushers in New Era of Solar Energy with Unveiling of Sierra Power Plant
  30. ^ SciAm - First U.S. "Power Tower" Lights Up California
  31. ^ p.14-18
  32. ^ AT PRIOLO ENEL INAUGURATES THE "ARCHIMEDE" POWER PLANT
  33. ^ CLFR
  34. ^ Solar thermal plant at the Liddell Power Station gets government support
  35. ^ Sopogy Wins Innovative Company of the Year 2008
  36. ^ Aloha, MicroCSP: Sopogy 2MW solar thermal system inaugurated on big island of Hawaii
  37. ^ Wilson, Alex (April 29, 2010). "Building Green's Product of the Week". Stirling SunCatcher with "Heat Engine" Technology. Building Green.com. http://www.buildinggreen.com/live/index.cfm/2010/4/29/Alexs-Cool-Product-of-the-Week-Stirling-SunCatcher. Retrieved 2011-03-03. 
  38. ^ Salt-Free Solar: CSP Tower Using Air
  39. ^ World First in Solar Power Plant Technology
  40. ^ http://www.aps.com/_files/renewable/SP017SaguaroSolarTrough.pdf
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Large Solar Energy Projects, California Government
  42. ^ PG&E and BrightSource Sign Contracts for Over 1,300 MW of Solar Thermal
  43. ^ Big Solar Project Planned for Arizona Desert
  44. ^ Bill Richardson, former Governor of New Mexico, joins Abengoa’s Advisory Board
  45. ^ ENERGY DIVISION RESOLUTION E-4433
  46. ^ Israel to hold tender for solar energy plants
  47. ^ Ministry of Energy and Water Resources: Electricity Generation
  48. ^ Tonopah Solar Energy
  49. ^ Abengoa Solar begins construction on Extremadura’s second solar concentrating solar power plant
  50. ^ Masdar to build CSP plant worth up to $500 million
  51. ^ Power Technology: Shams 1 Solar Power Station
  52. ^ Solar Millennium celebrates laying the foundation stone for the fourth Spanish power plant project Ibersol
  53. ^ a b c d Concentrated Solar Power(CSP)
  54. ^ http://www.solarmillennium.de/Presse/Meldungen/Meldungen_,lang2,50,2117.html Solar Millennium AG and OHL Industrial jointly take over planned Spanish 50 megawatt power plant Arenales from Fotowatio Renewable Ventures
  55. ^ NREL: EL REBOSO III 50-MW Solar Thermal Power Plant
  56. ^ Enerstar homepage
  57. ^ NREL: Puerto Errado 2 Thermosolar Power Plant
  58. ^ China's first solar chimney plant starts operating in desert
  59. ^ First parabolic trough solar field in Egypt is under construction
  60. ^ Abengoa Annual Information 2007
  61. ^ Helionoticias - Authorities award construction permit for the first CSP plant in France
  62. ^ http://www.promes.cnrs.fr/pegase/
  63. ^ "CEC begins review for Rio Mesa". Power Engineering. 15 December 2011. http://www.power-eng.com/news/2011/12/1563433891/california-energy-commission-begins-review-for-rio-mesa-solar-electric-generating-facility.html. 
  64. ^ Army news service
  65. ^ Adams, Suzanne (May 13, 2009). "Another solar plant on tap". Kingman Daily Miner. http://kingmandailyminer.com/Main.asp?SectionID=1&SubSectionID=1&ArticleID=31401. Retrieved 2009-05-15. 
  66. ^ Dong, Mitchell (April 1, 2009). "Mitchell Dong - Alternative Energy Entrepreneur" (slideshow). Mohave Sun Power. http://www.mitchelldong.com/Index.html. Retrieved 2009-05-15. 
  67. ^ FPL unveils plans for solar plant
  68. ^ Chilton, James (April 21, 2009). "Massive solar complex planned near Kingman". Kingman Daily Miner. http://www.kingmandailyminer.com/main.asp?SectionID=1&subsectionID=1&articleID=30982. Retrieved 2009-05-15. 
  69. ^ "Arup Engineering Services Engaged by EnviroMission". Enviromission. April 21, 2009. http://enviromission.com.au/EVM/Company/ShowPage.aspx?CPID=1178&EID=27674141&PageName=ARUP%20Engineering%20Services%20Engaged%20By%20EnviroMission. Retrieved 2010-11-09. 
  70. ^ Prior, Brett (February 9, 2011). "As One Solar Thermal Project Dies, Another is Born". Greentech Media. http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/as-one-solar-thermal-project-dies-another-is-born/. Retrieved 2011-02-10. 
  71. ^ "Project Overview". Crossroads Solar Energy Project. http://crossroadssolar.com/project_overview.html. Retrieved 2011-02-10. 
  72. ^ Coalinga solar plant would also burn manure
  73. ^ San Joaquin Solar 1 & 2 Power Plant Licensing Case
  74. ^ K Road now owns Calico solar project but will use PV
  75. ^ Major Holmes, Sue (June 2009). "Nation's largest solar plant to be built in NM". Associated Press (AP). http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gOVUnTb2J7yKCIVSfCfWRZtHOF_QD98OQFU81. Retrieved 2009-06-16. 
  76. ^ Souder, Elizabeth (June 12, 2009). "NRG Energy's solar plant plans could stretch into Texas". The Dallas Morning News. http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/bus/stories/DN-solar_12bus.ART.State.Edition1.411b33a.html. Retrieved 2009-06-16. 
  77. ^ Solar thermal electric hybrid power plant for barstow
  78. ^ [1] Sound Gallagher, 26 July 2007.
  79. ^ KSP and the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands partner to build Hawaii's largest Concentrating Solar Power project
  80. ^ a b c Solúcar Platform
  81. ^ a b c d e f g Madrid, Spain: Iberdrola Proceeds with Nine Solar Thermal Electric Plants
  82. ^ "SolarReserve and Preneal Receive Environmental Permit for 50 Megawatt Solar Energy Project in Spain". Business Wire. November 17, 2009. http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091117005277&newsLang=en. Retrieved 2009-11-18. 
  83. ^ Abengoa Projects in Castilla la Mancha
  84. ^ Solar Power Group: First commercial Solar-thermal power plant in Spain
  85. ^ Sudan looks to the sun for power
  86. ^ Woody, Todd (2010-01-09). "Pasadena's ESolar lands 2,000-megawatt deal in China". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-solar9-2010jan09,0,5577310.story. 
  87. ^ "UPDATE 1- Morocco to invite bids for solar station in Feb". Reuters. 2010-01-06. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE6051TV20100106. 
  88. ^ Selection trials loom for $1.4bn Solar Flagships program
  89. ^ Iran's biggest solar power plant
  90. ^ Two Sigma and Hezzi Kogler plan to build solar thermal power station with a budget worth 300 Million NIS
  91. ^ Realizará CFE proyecto de campo solar
  92. ^ Abengoa to build Mexico’s first hybrid solar-gas plant
  93. ^ Cloncurry to run on solar alone
  94. ^ Making solar thermal power generation in India a reality – Overview of technologies, opportunities and challenges

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