List of species described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition
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The Lewis and Clark Expedition described 178 new plants and 122 species and subspecies of animals.
Contents |
[edit] Animals
[edit] Mammals
- Discovered:
- Described:
- American Badger (Taxidea taxus)
- Beaver (Castor canadensis)
- Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis auduboni)
- Bison (Bison bison)
- Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
- Columbian Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus)
- Coyote (Canis latrans)
- Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus)
- Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger)
- Elk (Cervus canadensis)
- Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
- Gray Wolf (Canis lupus or Canis nubilis)
- Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata)
- Muskrat (Fiber zibethicus)
- Mountain Lion (Puma concolor)
- Northern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys talpoides)
- Northern River Otter (Lontra canadensis)
- Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda)
- Pacific-slope Black-tailed Deer
- Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)
- Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
- Richardson's Ground Squirrel or Flickertail (Spermophilus richardsonii)
- Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
- Thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus)
- White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
[edit] Birds
- Discovered:
- Black-billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia)
- Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana)
- Common Poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii)
- Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)
- Interior Least Tern (Sterna antillarum athalassos)
- Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis)
- McCown's Longspur (Calcarius mccownii)
- Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator)
- Described:
- American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana)
- American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus)
- American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
- American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis)
- American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
- American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
- American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
- Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
- Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia)
- Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon)
- Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola)
- Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus)
- Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)
- Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus)
- Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
- Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)
- Carolina Parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis)
- Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)
- Cliff Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota or Petrochelidon pyrrhonota)
- Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus)
- Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor)
- Common Raven (Corvus corax)
- Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)
- Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias)
- Great Egret (Ardea alba)
- Greater Prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus)
- Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
- Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
- Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus)
- Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)
- Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
- Lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus)
- Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
- Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus)
- Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
- Merganser (Mergus serrator)
- Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
- Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
- Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) - tentative
- Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)
- Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius)
- Pinyon jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus)
- Piping plover (Charadrius melodus)
- Plains Sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi)
- Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
- Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
- Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
- Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus)
- Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis)
- Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens)
- Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii)
- Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda)
- Western Juniper Sparrow (')
- Western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
- Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus)
- Whooping crane (Grus americana)
- Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
- Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus)
- Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)
[edit] Reptiles
- Discovered:
- Western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis)
- Western hognose snake (Heterodon nasicus)
- Described:
[edit] Fish
- Discovered:
- Described:
[edit] Plants
- Discovered:
- Black greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus)
- Blue Flax (Linum lewisii)
- Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)
- Curly-top gumweed (Grindelia squarrosa)
- Fringed sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana)
- Gumbo evening primrose (Oenothera caespitosa)
- Indian tobacco (Nicotiana quadrivalvus)
- Lanceleaf sage (Salvia reflexa)
- Red false mallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea)
- Shadscale (Atriplex canescens)
- Silver-leaf Scurfpea (Psoralea argophylla or Pediomelum argophylla)
- Snow-on-the-mountain (Euphorbia marginata)
- White Milkwort (Polygala alba)
- Wild Alfalfa (Psoralidium tenuiflora or Psoralea tenuiflora)
- Described:
- Antelope bush (Purshia tridentata)
- Aromatic Aster (Aster oblongifolius)
- Aromatic Sumac aka Squaw bush (Rhus aromatica)
- Bearberry aka Kinnikinnick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)
- Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
- Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae)
- Canada Milk-vetch (Astragalus canadensis)
- Common Horsetail, aka Scouring rush (Equisetum arvense)
- Common Juniper (Juniperus communis)
- Common Monkey-flower (Mimulus guttatus)
- Creeping Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis)
- Dwarf Sagebrush (Artemisia cana)
- Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
- False Indigo (Amorpha fruticosa)
- Fire-on-the-Mountain (Euphorbia cyathophora)
- Golden currant (Ribes aureum)
- Large-flowered Clammyweed (Polanisia dodecandra trachysperma)
- Long-leaved Sagebrush aka Mugwort (Artemisia longifolia)
- Meadow Anemone (Anemone canadensis)
- Missouri milk-vetch (Astragalus missouriensis)
- Moundscale (Atriplex gardneri)
- Needle-and-thread grass aka Porcupine Grass (Hesperostipa comata)
- Pasture sagewort (Artemisia frigida)
- Pin Cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica)
- Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
- Purple Coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia)
- Purple Prairie-clover (Petalostemon purpurea or Dalea purpurea)
- Rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa; formerly Chrysothamnus nauseosus)
- Raccoon Grape (Ampelopsis cordata)
- Rigid Goldenrod (Solidago rigida)
- Rocky Mountain Beeplant (Cleome serrulata)
- Rough Gayfeather aka Large Button Snakeroot (Liatris aspera)
- Silky Wormwood (Artemisia dracunculus)
- Spiny Goldenweed (Machaeranthera pinnatifida or Haplopappus spinulosus)
- Thick-spike Gayfeather aka Prairie Button Snakeroot (Liatris pycnostachya)
- Western Red Cedar aka Rocky Mountain Juniper (Juniperus scopulorum)
- Wild Four-o'clock (Mirabilis nyctaginea)
- Wild Rice (Zizania palustris)
- Wild Rose (Rosa arkansana)
[edit] References
- Lewis and Clark on the Great Plains: A Natural History, by Paul A. Johnsgard
- Plants of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, H. Wayne Phillips, 2003
- Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists, Paul R. Cutright, 1969
- "Birds of the Lewis and Clark journals" -- We Proceeded On (Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation) 10 (2-3): 17-22., V.C. Holmgren, 1984
