List of state leaders in 1861

1860 state leaders - Events of 1861 - 1862 state leaders - State leaders by year

See also:

• List of religious leaders in 1861
• List of colonial governors in 1861

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy - Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
• Buganda - Mutesa I, King of Buganda (1856–1884)
• Bunyoro - Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852–1869)
• Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852–1908)
• Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856–1889)
• Ethiopia - Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1855–1868)
• Liberia - Stephen Allen Benson, President of Liberia (1856–1864)
• Rwanda - Kigeli IV, King of Rwanda (1853–1895)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Ahmad bin Atiku, Sokoto Caliph (1859–1866)
  • Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1859-c. 1874)
• Wituland - Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Sultan (1858–1885)
• Zanzibar - Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1856–1870)
• Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)

Asia

• Afghanistan - Dost Mohammad Khan, King of Afghanistan (1843–1863)
• China
  • Qing Dynasty
    1. - Xianfeng, Emperor of China (1850–1861)
    2. - Tongzhi, Emperor of China (1861–1875)
  • Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping - Hong Xiuquan, King of Heaven (1851–1864)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Kōmei, Emperor of Japan (1846–1867)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Iemochi, Shogun of Japan (1858–1866)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Tai, King of Ryūkyū (1848-11 March 1879)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Cheoljong, King of Joseon (1849–1864)
• Oman - Thuwaini bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1856–1866)
• Vietnam (Nguyễn Dynasty) - Tự Đức, Emperor of Vietnam (1847–1883)

Europe

• Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822–1864)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
  • Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1847–1852, 1857–1868)
• Denmark -
  • Monarch - Frederick VII, King of Denmark (1848–1863)
  • Prime Minister - Carl Christian Hall, Prime Minister of Denmark (1860–1863)
• France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
• Italy
  • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861–1878)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Conte di Cavour, Prime Minister of Italy (1861)
    2. Bettino Ricasoli, Prime Minister of Italy (1861–1862)
• German Confederation - Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850–1866)
  • Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848–1916)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
    • Prime Minister - Victor, Baron de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1860–1867)
  • Prussia -
    • Monarch -
      1. Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840–1861)
      2. Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861–1888)
    • Regent -
      1. Prince Wilhelm, Regent of Prussia (1858–1861)
      2. became King
    • Prime Minister - Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Minister-President of Prussia (1858–1862)
  • Bavaria - Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1848–1864)
  • Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854–1873)
  • Hanover - George, King of Hanover (1851–1866)
  • Württemberg - William, King of Württemberg (1816–1864)
• Greece -
  • Monarch - Otto, King of Greece (1832–1862)
  • Prime Minister - Athanasios Miaoulis, Prime Minister of Greece (1857–1862)
• Hungary - Franz Joseph I of Austria, King of Hungary (1848–1916)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Floris Adriaan van Hall, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1853–1857, 1860–1861)
    2. Jacob van Zuylen van Nyevelt, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1861)
    3. Schelto van Heemstra, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1861–1862)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Monarch -
    1. Abd-ul-Mejid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839–1861)
    2. Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861–1876)
  • Grand Vizier -
    1. Kibrisli Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1860–1861)
    2. Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861)
    3. Keçecizade Mehmet Fuat Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861–1863)

• Portugal -
  1. Pedro V, King of Portugal (1853–1861)
  2. Luis, King of Portugal (1861–1889)
• Romania - Alexander John Cuza, Prince of Romania (1859–1866)
• Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855–1881)
• Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (September 29, 1833–1868)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859–1872)
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1859–1865)

Middle East and North Africa

• Egypt (Under Ottoman suzerainty)- Said, Governor of Egypt (1854–1863)
• Morocco - Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco (1859–1873)

North America

• Province of Canada:
  1. Sir Edmund Walker Head, Governor of the Province of Canada (1854–1861)
  2. The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, Governor of the Province of Canada (1861–1867)
• Confederate States of America - Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America (1861–1865)
• Costa Rica - José María Montealegre Fernández, President of Costa Rica (1859–1863)
• Mexico: Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (1861–1863)
• United States of America:
  1. James Buchanan, President of the United States (1857–1861)
  2. Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States (1861–1865)

Oceania

• Hawaii - Kamehameha IV, King of Hawaii (1854–1863)
• Samoa - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860–1880)
• Tonga - Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)

South America

• Argentina
  1. Santiago Derqui, President of Argentina (1860–1861)
  2. Juan Esteban Pedernera, acting President of Argentina (1861)
  • Buenos Aires State
    1. Bartolomé Mitre, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1860–1862)
• Bolivia
  1. José María Linares Lizarazu, President of Bolivia (1857–1861)
  2. José María Achá Valiente, President of Bolivia (1861–1864)

• Brazil - Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831–1889)
• Chile
  1. Manuel Montt Torres, President of Chile (1851–1861)
  2. José Joaquín Pérez Mascayano, President of Chile (1861–1871)
• Ecuador - Gabriel García Moreno, President of Ecuador (1859–1865)
• Grenadine Confederation
  1. Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Grenadine Confederation (1858–1861)
  2. Julio Arboleda, President of Grenadine Confederation (1861–1862)
• Paraguay - Carlos Antonio López, President of Paraguay (1844–1862)

• Peru - Ramón Castilla, President of Peru (1855–1862)
• Uruguay - Bernardo Berro, President of Uruguay (1860–1864)
• Venezuela
  1. Manuel Felipe Tovar, President of Venezuela (1859–1861)
  2. Pedro Gual, President of Venezuela (1861)
  3. José Antonio Páez, President of Venezuela (1861–1863)