List of state leaders in 1866

List of state leaders in 1865 - Events of 1866 - List of state leaders in 1867 - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy - Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
• Buganda - Mutesa I, King of Buganda (1856–1884)
• Bunyoro - Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852–1869)
• Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852–1908)
• Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856–1889)
• Ethiopia - Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1855–1868)
• Liberia - Daniel Bashiel Warner, President of Liberia (1864–1868)
• Rwanda - Kigeli IV, King of Rwanda (1853–1895)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph -
    1. Ahmad bin Atiku, Sokoto Caliph (1859–1866)
    2. Ali bin Bello II, Sokoto Caliph (1866–1867)
  • Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1859-c.1874)
• Zanzibar - Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1856–1870)
• Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Emir -
    1. Shir Ali Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1863–1866)
    2. Mohammed Afzal Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1866–1868)
• Bamra - Tribhuban Singh, Raja (1865–1869)
• Brunei - Abdul Momin, Sultan of Brunei (1852–1885)
• China (Qing Dynasty) - Tóngzhì, Emperor of China (1861–1875)
• Jandala - Mir Khanzada Zahid Khan, ruled 1849-1900
• Jaora - Muhammad Ismail, Nawab of Jaora (1865–1895)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Kōmei, Emperor of Japan (1846–1867)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Iemochi, Shogun of Japan (1858–1866)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Tai, King of Ryūkyū (1848-11 March 1879)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Gojong, King of Joseon (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Oman -
  1. Thuwaini bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1856–1866)
  2. Salim bin Thuwaini, Sultan of Oman (1866–1868)
• Vietnam (Nguyễn Dynasty) - Tự Đức, Emperor of Vietnam (1847–1883)

Europe

• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1847–1852, 1857–1868)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Christian Emil, Prime Minister of Denmark (1865–1870)
• France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
• German Confederation - dissolved in 1866 as a result of the Austro-Prussian War
  • Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850–1866),
  • Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848–1916)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
    • Prime Minister - Victor, Baron de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1860–1867)
  • Prussia -
    • Monarch - Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861–1888)
    • Prime Minister - Otto von Bismarck, Minister-President of Prussia (1862–1873)
  • Bavaria - Ludwig II, King of Bavaria (1864–1886)
  • Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854–1873)
  • Hanover -
    • George, King of Hanover (1851–1866)
    • Defeated and annexed by Prussia in 1866
  • Württemberg - Karl, King of Württemberg (1864–1891)
• Greece -
  • Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Benizelos Rouphos, Prime Minister of Greece (1865–1866)
    2. Dimitrios Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1866)
    3. Alexandros Koumoundouros, Prime Minister of Greece (1866–1868)
• Hungary -
  • Monarch- Franz Joseph
  • Chancellor - György Majláth
• Papal States - Pope Pius IX (1846–1878)
• Italy -
  • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861–1878)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Marchese la Marmora, Prime Minister of Italy (1864–1866)
    2. Bettino Ricasoli, Prime Minister of Italy (1866–1867)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1849–1853, 1862–1866, 1871–1872)
    2. Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1866)
    3. Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1866–1868)
• Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Carl IV, King of Norway (1859–1872)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Monarch - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861–1876)
  • Grand Vizier -
    1. Keçecizade Mehmet Fuat Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1863–1866)
    2. Mütercim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1866–1867)
• Portugal - Luis, King of Portugal (1861–1889)
• Romania
  • Prince -
    1. Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Prince of Romania (1859–1866)
    2. Carol I, Prince of Romania (1866–1881)
• Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855–1881)
• Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (1833–1868)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859–1872)
• United Kingdom
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1865–1866)
    2. Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1852, 1858, 1866–1868)

Middle East and North Africa

• Abu Dhabi - Zaid ibn Khalifa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
• Egypt (Under Ottoman suzerainty)- Ismail, Governor of Egypt (1863–1867)
• Morocco - Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco (1859–1873)

North America

• Province of Canada
  • Governor: The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, Governor of the Province of Canada (1861–1867)
  • Joint Premiers: Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau, Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada (1865–1867)
• Costa Rica -
  1. Jesús Jiménez Zamora, President of Costa Rica (1863–1866)
  2. José María Castro Madriz, President of Costa Rica (1866–1868)
• Honduras - José María Medina, President of Honduras (1864–1872)
• Mexico: Maximilian of Habsburg, Emperor of Mexico (1864–1867)
• United States: Andrew Johnson, President of the United States (1865–1869)

Oceania

• Hawaii - Kamehameha V, King of Hawaiʻi (1863–1872)
• Samoa - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860–1880)
• Tonga - Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)

South America

• Argentina - Bartolomé Mitre, President of Argentina (1862–1868)
• Brazil - Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831–1889)
• Chile - José Joaquín Pérez, President of Chile (1861-1871)
• Ecuador - Jerónimo Carrión, President of Ecuador (1865-1867)
• Uruguay - Venancio Flores, President of Uruguay (1865–1868)

List of state leaders in 1865 - Events of 1866 - List of state leaders in 1867 - State leaders by year