List of state leaders in 1868

List of state leaders in 1867 - Events of 1868 - List of state leaders in 1869 - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy - Kofi Kakari, Asantehene (1867–1874)
• Buganda - Mutesa I, King of Buganda (1856–1884)
• Bunyoro - Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852–1869)
• Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852–1908)
• Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856–1889)
• Ethiopia -
  1. Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1855–1868)
  2. Tekle Giyorgis II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1868–1871)
• Liberia
  • President -
    1. Daniel Bashiel Warner, President of Liberia (1864–1868)
    2. James Spriggs Payne, President of Liberia (1868–1870)
• Rwanda - Kigeli IV, King of Rwanda (1853–1895)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Ahmad Rufa'i, Sokoto Caliph (1867–1873)
  • Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1859-c.1874)
• Zanzibar - Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1856–1870)
• Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Emir -
  1. Mohammed Afzal Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1866–1868)
  2. Shir Ali Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1868–1879)
• Bamra - Tribhuban Singh, Raja (1865–1869)
• Bhutan - Tsondru Pekar, Druk Desis (1866–1870)
• Brunei - Abdul Momin, Sultan of Brunei (1852–1885)
• China (Qing Dynasty) - Tóngzhì, Emperor of China (1861–1875)
• Ezo - Enomoto Takeaki, President of the Republic of Ezo (1868–1869)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1867–1912)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Shogun of Japan (1867-19 November 1868)
    • Tokugawa shogunate comes to an end with the Meiji Restoration.
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Tai, King of Ryūkyū (1848–1879)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Gojong, King of Joseon (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Oman
  • Sultan -
  1. Salim bin Thuwaini, Sultan of Oman (1866–1868)
  2. Azzan bin Qais, Sultan of Oman (1868–1871)
• Vietnam (Nguyễn Dynasty) - Tự Đức, Emperor of Vietnam (1847–1883)

Europe

• Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria -
  1. Prince Karl von Auersperg, Minister-President of Austria (1867–1868)
  2. Count Eduard von Taaffe, Minister-President of Austria (1868–1870)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Count Gyula Andrássy, Minister-President of Hungary (1867–1871)
• Bavaria - Ludwig II, King of Bavaria (1864–1886)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief -
    1. Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1847–1852, 1857–1868)
    2. H.-J.-W. Frère-Orban, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1868–1870, 1878–1884)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Christian Emil, Prime Minister of Denmark (1865–1870)
• France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
• Greece -
  • Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Alexandros Koumoundouros, Prime Minister of Greece (1866–1868)
    2. Aristidis Moraitinis, Prime Minister of Greece (1868)
    3. Dimitrios Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1868–1869)
• Papal States - Pope Pius IX (1846–1878)
• Italy -
  • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861–1878)
  • Prime Minister - Luigi Menabrea, Prime Minister of Italy (1867–1869)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister - Emmanuel Servais, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1867–1874)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1866–1868)
    2. Pieter Philip van Bosse, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1868–1871)
• Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Carl IV, King of Norway (1859–1872)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Monarch - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861–1876)
  • Grand Vizier - Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1867–1871)
• Portugal - Luis, King of Portugal (1861–1889)
• Prussia -
  • Monarch - Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861–1888)
  • Prime Minister - Otto von Bismarck, Minister-President of Prussia (1862–1873)
• Romania - Carol I, Prince of Romania (1866–1881)
• Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855–1881)
• Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854–1873)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (1833–1868)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Ramón María Narváez y Campos, Duke of Valencia, Prime Minister of Spain (1844–1846, 1846, 1847–1849, 1849–1851, 1856–1857, 1864–1865, 1866–1868)
    2. Luis González Bravo, Prime Minister of Spain (1868)
    3. José Gutiérrez De La Concha, Prime Minister of Spain (1868)
    4. Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Duke de la Torre, Prime Minister of Spain (1868–1869, 1871, 1872, 1874)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859–1872)
• United Kingdom
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1852, 1858, 1866–1868)
    2. Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1868, 1874–1880)
    3. William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886, 1892–1894)
• Württemberg - Karl, King of Württemberg (1864–1891)

Middle East and North Africa

• Abu Dhabi - Zaid ibn Khalifa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
• Egypt (Under Ottoman suzerainty) - Ismail, Khedive of Egypt (1867–1879)
• Morocco - Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco (1859–1873)

North America and Caribbean

• Canada
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Canada (1837–1901)
  • Governor General - The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, Governor General of Canada (1867–1869)
  • Prime Minister - John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada (1867–1891)
• Costa Rica -
  1. José María Castro Madriz, President of Costa Rica (1866–1868)
  2. Jesús Jiménez Zamora, President of Costa Rica (1868–1870)
• Haiti - Sylvain Salnave, President of Haiti (1867-1869)
• Mexico - Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (1867–1872)
• United States - Andrew Johnson, President of the United States (1865–1869)

Oceania

• Fiji - Seru Epenisa Cakobau, King of Fiji (1852–1874)
• Hawaii - Kamehameha V, King of Hawaiʻi (1863–1872)
• Samoa - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860–1880)
• Tonga - Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)

South America

• Argentina
  1. Bartolomé Mitre, President of Argentina (1862–1868)
  2. Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina (1868–1874)

• Brazil - Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831–1889)
• Chile - José Joaquín Pérez, President of Chile (1861-1871)
• Uruguay -
  1. Venancio Flores, President of Uruguay (1865–1868)
  2. Pedro Varela, President of Uruguay (1868)
  3. Lorenzo Batlle y Grau, President of Uruguay (1868–1872)