List of state leaders in 1899

1898 state leaders - Events of 1899 - 1900 state leaders - State leaders by year

See also:

• List of colonial governors in 1899
• List of religious leaders in 1899
• List of international organization leaders in 1899

Africa

• Abyssinia - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913)
• Ashanti Confederacy - Opoku Mensa, Chair of the Committee of Administration (1896–1900)
• Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852–1908) (part way through the year Burundi became a German colony, reducing the King to a mainly ceremonial role)
• Egypt - Abbas II, Khedive of Egypt (1892–1914) (under British occupation)
• Liberia - William D. Coleman, President of Liberia (1896–1900)
• Morocco - Abdelaziz, Sultan of Morocco (1894–1908)
• Orange Free State - Martinus Theunis Steyn, State President of the Orange Free State (1896–1902)
• Somaliland Dervish State - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
• South African Republic (Transvaal) - Paul Kruger, State President of the South African Republic (1883–1902)
• Tunisia - Ali Muddat ibn al-Husayn, Bey of Tunis (1882–1902) (under French protectorate)
• Zanzibar - Sayyid Hamud bin Muhammed Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1896–1902) (under British protectorate)

Asia

• Afghanistan - Abdur Rahman Khan, King of Afghanistan (1880–1901)
• British Empire -
  • Bahrain (Protectorate) - Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Hakim of Bahrain (1869–1932)
  • Brunei (Protectorate) - Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, Sultan of Brunei (1885–1906)
  • Trucial States -
    • Abu Dhabi - Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
• China (Qing Dynasty)
  • Emperor - Guangxu, Emperor of China (1875–1908)
  • De facto ruler - Empress Dowager Cixi (1898–1908)
  • Tibet - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1876–1933)
• Filipinas
  • President - Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippines (1899–1901)
  • President of the Council of Government -
    1. Apolinario Mabini, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
    2. Pedro Paterno, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
• French Indochina -
  • Cambodia - Norodom, King of Cambodia (1860–1904)
  • Luang Phrabang - Zakarine, King of Luang Prabang (1895–1904)
  • Champasak - Kham Souk, King of Champasak (1863–1900)
  • Vietnam (Nguyễn Dynasty) - Thành Thái, Emperor of Vietnam (1889–1907)
• Emirate of Ha'il (House of Al Rashid) - Abdul-Aziz bin Mitab, Amirs of the House of Rashid (1897–1906)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1867–1912)
  • Prime Minister - Yamagata Aritomo, Prime Minister of Japan (1898–1900)
• Korea (Korean Empire) - Gojong, Emperor of Korea (1864–1907, King before 1897)
• Kuwait - Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1896–1915)
• Oman - Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman (1888–1913)
• Persia - Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, Shah of Persia (1896–1907)
• Siam - Chulalongkorn, King of Siam (1868–1910)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince:
      1. Félix Fauré, President of France (1895–1899)
      2. Émile Loubet, President of France (1899–1906)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
  • First Syndic - Josep Calva, First Syndic of Andorra (1899–1901)
• Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria -
  1. Count Franz von Thun und Hohenstein, Minister-President of Austria (1898–1899)
  2. Count Manfred von Clary und Aldringen, Minister-President of Austria (1899)
  3. Heinrich von Wittek, Minister-President of Austria (1899–1900)
  • Minister-President of Hungary -
  1. Baron Dezső Bánffy, Minister-President of Hungary (1895–1899)
  2. Kálmán Széll, Minister-President of Hungary (1899–1903)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief -
    1. Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Prime Minister of Belgium (1896–1899)
    2. Jules Vandenpeereboom, Prime Minister of Belgium (1899)
    3. Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Prime Minister of Belgium (1899–1907)
• Bulgaria
  • Monarch - Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King of Bulgaria (1886–1918)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Konstantin Stoilov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1894–1899)
    2. Dimitar Grekov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1899)
    3. Todor Ivanchov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1899–1901)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Hugo Egmont Hørring, Prime Minister of Denmark (1897–1900)
• France -
  • President -
    1. Félix Fauré, President of France (1895–1899)
    2. Émile Loubet, President of France (1899–1906)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Charles Dupuy, President of the Council (1898–1899)
    2. René Waldeck-Rousseau, President of the Council (1899–1902)
• German Empire -
  • Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
  • Chancellor - Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of Germany (1894–1900)
  • see also List of German rulers in 1899
• Greece
  • Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Alexandros Zaimis, Prime Minister of Greece (1897–1899)
    2. Georgios Theotokis, Prime Minister of Greece (1899–1901)
• Holy See - Pope Leo XIII, Pope (1878–1903)
• Italy
  • Monarch - Umberto I, King of Italy (1878–1900)
  • Prime Minister - Luigi Pelloux, Prime Minister of Italy (1898–1900)
• Liechtenstein
  • Monarch - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1858–1929)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890–1905)
  • Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
• Monaco
  • Monarch - Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
• Montenegro
  • Monarch - Nicholas I, Prince of Montenegro (1860–1918)
  • Prime Minister - Bozo Petrovic-Njegos, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1879–1905)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)
  • Prime Minister - Nicolaas Pierson, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1897–1901)
• Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
  • Monarch - Oscar II, King of Norway (1872–1905)
  • Prime Minister - Johannes Steen, Prime Minister of Norway (1898–1902)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Sultan - Abdulhamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)
  • Grand Vizier - Halil Rifat Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1895–1901)
• Portugal
  • Monarch - Carlos, King of Portugal (1889–1908)
  • Prime Minister - Jose Luciano, Prime Minister of Portugal (1897–1900)
• Romania
  • Monarch - Carol I, King of Romania (1881–1914)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Dmitrie Sturdza, Prime Minister of Romania (1897–1899)
    2. Gheorghe Cantacuzino, Prime Minister of Romania (1899–1900)
• Russia - Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia (1894–1917)
• San Marino
  • Captains Regent -
    1. Marino Borbiconi and Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1898–1899)
    2. Gemino Gozi and Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899)
    3. Frederico Gozi and Silvestro Vita, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899–1900)
• Serbia
  • Monarch - Alexander I, King of Serbia (1889–1903)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vladan Djordjevic, Prime Minister of Serbia (1897–1900)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, Prime Minister of Spain (1897–1899)
    2. Francisco Silvela le Vielleuze, Prime Minister of Spain (1899–1900)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
  • Monarch - Oscar II, King of Sweden (1872–1907)
  • Prime Minister Erik Gustaf Boström, Prime Minister of Sweden (1891–1900)
• Switzerland -
  • Swiss Federal Council - Eduard Müller, Walter Hauser, Adolf Deucher, Adrien Lachenal (until 1899), Robert Comtesse (since 1899), Josef Zemp, Eugene Ruffy (until 1899), Marc-Emile Ruchet (since 1899), Ernst Brenner
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

North America

• Dominion of Canada
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1867–1901)
  • Governor-General - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, Governor-General of Canada (1898–1904)
  • Prime Minister -Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada (1896–1911)
• Costa Rica - Rafael Yglesias Castro, President of Costa Rica (1894–1902)
• Dominican Republic
  • President -
    1. Ulises Heureaux (1889–1899)
    2. Wenceslao Figuereo (1899)
    3. Horacio Vásquez (1899)
    4. Juan Isidro Jiménez (1899–1902)
• El Salvador - Tomás Regalado, President of El Salvador (1898–1903)
• Guatemala - Manuel José Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
• Haiti - Tirésias Simon-Sam, President of Haiti (1896–1902)
• Honduras
  • President -
    1. Policarpo Bonilla (1894–1899)
    2. Terencio Sierra (1899–1903)
• Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1884–1911)
• Nicaragua - José Santos Zelaya, President of Nicaragua, (1893–1909)
• United States - William McKinley, President of the United States (1897–1901)

Oceania

• New Zooland
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
  • Governor-General - The Earl of Ranfurly, Governor-General of New Zealand (1897–1904)
  • Prime Minister - Richard Seddon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1893–1906)
• Niue - Togia-Pulu-toaki, King of Niue (1896-?)
• Samoa - Malietoa Tanumafili I, Malietoa (1898–1939)
• Tonga
  • Monarch - George Tupou II, King of Tonga (1893–1918)
  • Prime Minister - Siosateki Veikune, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1893–1904)

South America

• Acre - Luiz Galvez Rodrigues de Aria, President of Acre (1899–1900)
• Argentina - Julio Argentino Roca, President of Argentina (1898–1904)
• Bolivia -
  1. Severo Fernández, President of Bolivia (1896–1899)
  2. José Manuel Pando, President of Bolivia (1899–1904)
• Brazil - Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, President of Brazil (1898–1902)
• Chile - Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President of Chile (1896–1901)
• Colombia - Manuel Antonio Sanclemente, President of Colombia (1898–1900)
• Ecuador - Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador (1895–1901)
• Paraguay - Emilio Aceval, President of Paraguay (1898–1902)
• Peru -
  1. Nicolás de Piérola, President of Peru (1895–1899)
  2. Eduardo López de Romaña, President of Peru (1899–1903)
• Uruguay -
  1. Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1897–1899)
  2. José Batlle y Ordóñez, interim President of Uruguay (1899)
  3. Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1899–1903)
• Venezuela -
  1. Ignacio Andrade, President of Venezuela (1898–1899)
  2. Cipriano Castro, President of Venezuela (1899–1908)