List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: IV. Myology

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The subjects listed below are covered by the 4th chapter of the 1858 anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy.

Contents

1 Mechanics of muscle (Gray's s102)
2 development of the muscles (Gray's s103)
3 Tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae (Gray's s104)
4 The fasciae and muscles of the head
5 The fasciae and muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck
6 The fasciae and muscles of the trunk
7 The fascia and muscles of the upper extremity
8 The muscles and fasciae of the lower extremity
9 See also

[edit] Mechanics of muscle (Gray's s102)

[edit] Gray's page #361

[edit] Gray's page #362

origin
insertion
synergic muscles
fixation muscles
The Mechanics of Muscle

[edit] Gray's page #363

The Direction of the Muscle Pull

[edit] Gray's page #364

The Action of the Muscle Pull on the Tendon
The Strength of Muscles

[edit] Gray's page #365

absolute muscle strength
The Work Accomplished by Muscles
- physiological cross-section
- maximum shortening
- position of the joint

[edit] Gray's page #368

The Action of Muscles on Joints

[edit] Gray's page #370

Levers

[edit] development of the muscles (Gray's s103)

[edit] Gray's page #371

The Myotomic Muscles
The Ventrolateral Muscles of the Neck
Muscles of the Shoulder girdle and Arm

[edit] Gray's page #372

The Myotomic Muscles
The Muscles of the Leg
The Muscles of the Head

[edit] Gray's page #373

[edit] Gray's page #374

[edit] Gray's page #375

[edit] Gray's page #376

capillaries of striped muscle

[edit] Tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae (Gray's s104)

[edit] Gray's page #376

[edit] Gray's page #377

fasciae
- superficial fascia
  - white fibers
  - yellow elastic fibers
  - matrix
  - cells of areolar tissue

[edit] Gray's page #378

fasciae
- deep fascia

[edit] The fasciae and muscles of the head

[edit] The muscles of the scalp (Gray's s105)

[edit] Gray's page #378

[edit] Gray's page #379

[edit] Gray's page #380

galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis)
Transversus nuchæ

[edit] The muscles of the eyelid (Gray's s106)

[edit] Gray's page #380

[edit] Gray's page #381

Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum)
- medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi)
- lateral palpebral raphé
Corrugator (Corrugator supercilii)

[edit] The muscles of the nose (Gray's s107)

[edit] Gray's page #382

[edit] The muscles of the mouth (Gray's s108)

[edit] Gray's page #382

muscles of the mouth

[edit] Gray's page #383

[edit] Gray's page #384

[edit] Gray's page #385

lateral band (m. incisivus labii superioris)
medial band (m. nasolabialis)
philtrum
m. incisivus labii inferioris
Risorius

[edit] The muscles of mastication (Gray's s109)

[edit] Gray's page #385

[edit] Gray's page #386

[edit] Gray's page #387

Pterygoideus internus (Internal pterygoid muscle)

[edit] The fasciae and muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck

[edit] The superficial cervical muscle (Gray's s110)

[edit] Gray's page #387

Platysma

[edit] The lateral cervical muscles (Gray's s111)

[edit] Gray's page #388

Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
- investing portion of the fascia
- Above

[edit] Gray's page #389

Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
- Below
  - suprasternal space (space of Burns)
- fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
  - carotid sheath
  - prevertebral fascia

[edit] Gray's page #390

Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
- fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
  - prevertebral fascia
    - buccopharyngeal fascia
    - retropharyngeal space
  - pretrachial fascia
Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternomastoid muscle)
Triangles of the neck
- anterior triangle

[edit] Gray's page #391

Triangles of the neck
- posterior triangle

[edit] The supra- and infrahyoid muscles (Gray's s112)

[edit] Suprahyoid muscles

[edit] Gray's page #391

Digastricus (Digastric muscle)
- posterior belly
- anterior belly

[edit] Gray's page #392

Digastricus (Digastric muscle)
Stylohyoideus (Stylohyoid muscle)
Omohyoideus
Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus)

[edit] Gray's page #393

Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus)
- epihyal
Mylohyoideus (Mylohyoid muscle)
Geniohyoideus (Geniohyoid muscle)

[edit] Infrahyoid muscles

[edit] Gray's page #393

[edit] Gray's page #394

[edit] The anterior vertebral muscles (Gray's s113)

[edit] Gray's page #394

Longus colli

[edit] Gray's page #395

[edit] The lateral vertebral muscles (Gray's s114)

[edit] Gray's page #396

Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus)
Scalenus medius
Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus)

[edit] The fasciae and muscles of the trunk

[edit] The deep muscles of the back (Gray's s115)

[edit] Gray's page #397

Lumbodorsal fascia (fascia lumbodorsalis; lumbar aponeurosis and vertebral fascia)
- nuchal fascia
Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis (Splenius colli)
Sacrospinalis (Erector spinæ)

[edit] Gray's page #399

Iliocostalis
- Iliocostalis lumborum (Iliocostalis muscle; Sacrolumbalis muscle)
- Iliocostalis dorsi (Musculus accessorius)
- Iliocostalis cervicis (Cervicalis ascendens)
Longissimus
- Longissimus dorsi
- Longissimus cervicis (Transversalis cervicis)
- Longissimus capitis (Trachelomastoid muscle)
Spinalis
- Spinalis dorsi

[edit] Gray's page #400

Spinalis
- Spinalis cervicis (Spinalis colli)
- Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
Semispinalis
- Semispinalis dorsi
- Semispinalis cervicis (Semispinalis colli)
- Semispinalis capitis (Complexus)
  - Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
Multifidus (Multifidus spinæ)
Rotatores (Rotatores spinæ)
Interspinales

[edit] Gray's page #401

Extensor coccygis
Intertransversarii (Intertransversales)

[edit] The suboccipital muscles (Gray's s116)

[edit] Gray's page #401

Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major)
Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor)

[edit] Gray's page #402

Obliquus capitis inferior (Obliquus inferior)
Obliquus capitis superior (Obliquus superior)
Suboccipital triangle

[edit] The muscles of the thorax (Gray's s117)

[edit] Gray's page #402

Intercostal fasciae

[edit] Gray's page #403

Intercostales (Intercostal muscles)
- Intercostales externi (External intercostals)
  - anterior intercostal membranes
- Intercostales interni (Internal intercostals)
  - posterior intercostal membranes
Subcostales (Infracostales)
Transversus thoracis (Triangularis sterni)
Levatores costarum
- Levatores costarum breves

[edit] Gray's page #404

Levatores costarum
- Levatores costarum longi
Serratus posterior superior (Serratus posticus superior)
Serratus posterior inferior (Serratus posticus inferior)
Diaphragm
Medial lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis medialis; internal arcuate ligament)

[edit] Gray's page #405

Lateral lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis lateralis; external arcuate ligament)
Crura
- right crus
- left crus

[edit] Gray's page #406

Central tendon of diaphragm
Openings in the Diaphragm

[edit] Gray's page #407

Respiration, mechanism of:

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the abdomen (Gray's s118)

[edit] The anterolateral muscles

[edit] Gray's page #408

Superficial fascia
- superficial layer (fascia of Camper)
- deep layer (fascia of Scarpa)

[edit] Gray's page #409

Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)

[edit] Gray's page #410

Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)
Subcutaneous inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis subcutaneus; external abdominal ring)
- crura of the ring
  - inferior crus (external pillar)
  - superior crus (internal pillar)
Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)

[edit] Gray's page #411

Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)
- intercrural fascia
- external spermatic fascia
Inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale; Poupart's ligament)

[edit] Gray's page #412

Lacunar ligament (ligamentum lacunare [Gimbernati]; Gimbernat’s ligament)
Reflected inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale reflexum; triangular fascia)
Ligament of Cooper
Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)

[edit] Gray's page #413

Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)
- inguinal aponeurotic falx

[edit] Gray's page #414

Cremaster
- cremasteric fascia
Transversus abdominis (Transversalis muscle)
inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)

[edit] Gray's page #415

inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)
- interfoveolar ligament of Hesselbach
Rectus abdominis

[edit] Gray's page #416

[edit] Gray's page #417

[edit] Gray's page #418

Transversalis fascia
- deep crural arch
abdominal inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis abdominis; internal or deep abdominal ring)
- infundibuliform fascia
Inguinal canal (canalis inguinalis; spermatic canal)
Extraperitoneal connective tissue

[edit] Gray's page #419

Deep crural arch

[edit] The posterior muscles

[edit] Gray's page #419

Fascia covering the quadratus lumborum

[edit] Gray's page #420

Quadratus lumborum

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the pelvis (Gray's s119)

[edit] Gray's page #420

[edit] Gray's page #421

Pelvic fascia

[edit] Gray's page #422

[edit] Gray's page #423

Levator ani
- anococcygeal raphé

[edit] Gray's page #424

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the perineum (Gray's s120)

[edit] The muscles of the anal region

[edit] Gray's page #424

Superficial fascia

[edit] Gray's page #425

Deep fascia
Ischiorectal fossa (fossa ischiorectalis)
Corrugator cutis ani
Sphincter ani externus (External sphincter ani)

[edit] Gray's page #426

anococcygeal raphé
Sphincter ani internus (Internal sphincter ani)

[edit] The muscles of the urogenital region in the male

[edit] Gray's page #426

superficial layer of superficial fascia
deep layer of superficial fascia (fascia of Colles)

[edit] Gray's page #427

Central tendinous point of the perineum
Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle)

[edit] Gray's page #428

Bulbocavernosus (Ejaculator urinæ; Accelerator urinæ)
Ischiocavernosus (Erector penis)
Deep fascia
urogenital diaphragm (triangular ligament)
inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

[edit] Gray's page #429

[edit] The muscles of the urogenital region in the female

[edit] Gray's page #430

Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle)
Bulbocavernosus (Sphincter vaginæ)
Ischiocavernosus (Erector clitoridis)
fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

[edit] Gray's page #431

Transversus perinæi profundus

[edit] The fascia and muscles of the upper extremity

[edit] The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column (Gray's s121)

[edit] Gray's page #432

[edit] Gray's page #434

[edit] Gray's page #435

Levator scapulæ (Levator anguli scapulæ)

[edit] The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls (Gray's s122)

[edit] Gray's page #435

[edit] Gray's page #436

[edit] Gray's page #437

Pectoralis major
Coracoclavicular fascia (fascia coracoclavicularis; costocoracoid membrane; clavipectoral fascia)
- costocoracoid ligament

[edit] Gray's page #438

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the shoulder (Gray's s123)

[edit] Gray's page #439

Deltoideus (Deltoid muscle)

[edit] Gray's page #440

Subscapular fascia (fascia subscapularis)
Subscapularis
Supraspinatous fascia (fascia supraspinata)
Supraspinatus

[edit] Gray's page #441

Infraspinatous fascia (fascia infraspinata)
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

[edit] Gray's page #442

Teres major

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the arm (Gray's s124)

[edit] Gray's page #442

Brachial fascia (fascia brachii; deep fascia of the arm)
lateral intermuscular septum
medial intermuscular septum

[edit] Gray's page #443

Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii (Biceps; Biceps flexor cubiti)

[edit] Gray's page #444

lacertus fibrosus (bicipital fascia)
Brachialis (Brachialis anticus)
Triceps brachii (Triceps; Triceps extensor cubiti)
tendon of the Triceps brachii

[edit] Gray's page #445

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the forearm (Gray's s125)

[edit] Gray's page #445

Antibrachial fascia (fascia antibrachii; deep fascia of the forearm)

[edit] The volar antibrachial muscles: superficial group

[edit] Gray's page #446

[edit] Gray's page #447

Flexor carpi ulnaris

[edit] Gray's page #448

Flexor digitorum sublimis

[edit] The volar antibrachial muscles: deep group

[edit] Gray's page #448

Flexor digitorum profundus

[edit] Gray's page #449

[edit] The dorsal antibrachial muscles: superficial group

[edit] Gray's page #451

Brachioradialis (Supinator longus)

[edit] Gray's page #452

Extensor carpi radialis longus (Extensor carpi radialis longior)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (Extensor carpi radialis brevior)
Extensor digitorum communis

[edit] Gray's page #454

Extensor digiti quinti proprius (Extensor minimi digiti)
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Anconæus

[edit] The dorsal antibrachial muscles: deep group

[edit] Gray's page #454

Supinator (Supinator brevis)

[edit] Gray's page #455

Abductor pollicis longus (Extensor oss. metacarpi pollicis)
Extensor pollicis brevis (Extensor primi internodii pollicis)
Extensor pollicis longus (Extensor secundi internodii pollicis)

[edit] Gray's page #456

Extensor indicis proprius (Extensor indicis)

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the hand (Gray's s126)

[edit] Gray's page #456

thenar eminence
hypothenar eminence
Volar carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi volare)
Transverse carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi transversum; anterior annular ligament)

[edit] Gray's page #457

Mucous sheaths of wrist
- Common synovial sheath for the flexor tendons

[edit] Gray's page #458

Dorsal carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi dorsale; posterior annular ligament)

[edit] Gray's page #459

Mucous sheaths on back of wrist

[edit] Gray's page #460

Palmar aponeurosis (aponeurosis palmaris; palmar fascia)

[edit] Gray's page #461

Superficial transverse ligament of the fingers

[edit] The lateral volar muscles

[edit] Gray's page #461

Abductor pollicis brevis (Abductor pollicis)
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
first interosseous volaris

[edit] Gray's page #462

Adductor pollicis (obliquus) (Adductor obliquus pollicis)
Adductor pollicis (transversus) (Adductor transversus pollicis)

[edit] The medial volar muscles

[edit] Gray's page #463

Palmaris brevis
Abductor digiti quinti (Abductor minimi digiti)

[edit] Gray's page #464

Flexor digiti quinti brevis (Flexor brevis minimi digiti)
Opponens digiti quinti (Opponens minimi digiti)

[edit] The intermediate muscles

[edit] Gray's page #464

[edit] Gray's page #465

Interossei volares (Palmar interossei)
Interosseus volaris primus

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the lower extremity

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the iliac region (Gray's s127)

[edit] Gray's page #465

The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Iliac region

[edit] Gray's page #466

Fascia Covering the Psoas and Iliacus
- portion covering the Psoas
- portions investing the Iliacus (fascia iliaca; iliac fascia)
- iliopectineal fascia

[edit] Gray's page #467

Psoas major (Psoas magnus)
Psoas minor (Psoas parvus)
Iliacus

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the thigh (Gray's s128)

[edit] The anterior femoral muscles

[edit] Gray's page #468

Superficial fascia
- fossa ovalis (saphenous opening)
- fascia cribrosa
Deep fascia
- fascia lata
- iliotibial band (tractus iliotibialis)

[edit] Gray's page #469

Fossa ovalis (saphenous opening)
- superficial portion of the fascia lata
  - falciform margin
    - superior cornu
    - inferior cornu
- deep portion

[edit] Gray's page #470

Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris (Quadriceps extensor)
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus)

[edit] Gray's page #471

Quadriceps femoris (Quadriceps extensor)
- Vastus medialis (Vastus internus)
- Vastus intermedius (Crureus)
tendons
- prepatellar bursa
Articularis genu (Subcrureus)

[edit] The medial femoral muscles

[edit] Gray's page #471

Gracilis

[edit] Gray's page #472

Pectineus
Adductores
- Adductor longus

[edit] Gray's page #473

Adductores
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus

[edit] The muscles of the gluteal region

[edit] Gray's page #474

Gluteal muscles
- Glutæus maximus
- Glutæus medius

[edit] Gray's page #475

Gluteal muscles
- Glutæus minimus

[edit] Gray's page #476

Tensor fasciæ latæ (Tensor fasciæ femoris)
Piriformis
Obturator membrane

[edit] Gray's page #477

Obturator internus
Gemelli
- Gemellus superior
- Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
Obturator externus

[edit] Gray's page #478

[edit] The posterior femoral muscles (hamstring muscles)

Biceps femoris (Biceps)

[edit] Gray's page #479

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the leg (Gray's s129)

[edit] The anterior crural muscles

[edit] Gray's page #480

Deep fascia (fascia cruris)
- anterior and posterior peroneal septa
- deep transverse fascia of the leg
Tibialis anterior (Tibialis anticus)
- Tibiofascialis anterior

[edit] Gray's page #481

Extensor hallucis longus (Extensor proprius hallucis)
- Extensor ossis metatarsi hallucis
Extensor digitorum longus

[edit] Gray's page #482

Peronæus tertius

[edit] The posterior crural muscles: superficial group

[edit] Gray's page #482

Gastrocnemius

[edit] Gray's page #483

[edit] The posterior crural muscles: deep group

[edit] Gray's page #483

Deep transverse fascia

[edit] Gray's page #484

Popliteus

[edit] Gray's page #485

[edit] The lateral crural muscles

[edit] Gray's page #486

Peronæus longus

[edit] Gray's page #487

Peronæus brevis

[edit] The fasciae around the ankle (Gray's s130)

[edit] Gray's page #488

Transverse crural ligament (ligamentum transversum cruris; upper part of anterior annular ligament)
Cruciate crural ligament (ligamentum cruciatum cruris; lower part of anterior annular ligament)

[edit] Gray's page #489

Laciniate ligament (ligamentum laciniatum; internal annular ligament)
Peroneal retinacula
- superior retinaculum (external annular ligament)
- inferior retinaculum
Mucous sheaths of the Tendons Around the Ankle

[edit] The muscles and fasciae of the foot (Gray's s131)

[edit] Gray's page #490

Dorsal muscle of the foot
Extensor digitorum brevis
- congenital disorder Extensor digitorum brevis muscle in sole of the foot
Extensor hallucis brevis
Plantar muscles of the foot
Plantar aponeurosis (aponeurosis plantaris; plantar fascia)

[edit] The first layer

[edit] Gray's page #491

[edit] Gray's page #492

Abductor digiti quinti (Abductor minimi digiti)

[edit] The second layer

[edit] Gray's page #493

[edit] The third layer

[edit] Gray's page #493

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis (Adductor obliquus hallucis)

[edit] Gray's page #494

[edit] The fourth layer

[edit] Gray's page #495

[edit] See also

List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy

Links to related articles

Muscular system (TA A04.0, GA 4.361)

Topics

Muscular tissue · Muscles of the human body

Types of muscles

Cardiac muscle · Skeletal muscle · Smooth muscle

Other

Unipennate muscle · Bipennate muscle · Origin · Insertion · Fascia (Superficial fascia, Deep fascia, Visceral fascia) · Tendon/Aponeurosis · Fascial compartment

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

List of muscles of head and neck: the head (TA A04.1, GA 4.378)

Extraocular (CN III, IV, VI)

oblique (inferior, superior) · rectus (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) · levator palpebrae superioris (superior tarsal)

Mastication (CN V3)

masseter · temporalis (sphenomandibularis) · pterygoid (lateral, medial)

fascia: Masseteric fascia · Temporal fascia · Deep portion: cementomaxillary tendon · Superficial portion: cementomandibular tendon

Facial (CN VII)

Ear	auricular (anterior, superior, posterior) · temporoparietalis

Scalp/eyelid	occipitofrontalis (occipitalis, frontalis) · orbicularis oculi (depressor supercilii) · corrugator supercilii fascia: Galea aponeurotica

Nose	procerus · nasalis (dilatator naris) · depressor septi nasi · levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Mouth	levator anguli oris · levator labii superioris · zygomaticus (major, minor) orbicularis oris · risorius · buccinator depressor anguli oris · depressor labii inferioris · mentalis

Palate/fauces (CN IX, X, XI)
(except TVP=V3)

veli palatini (tensor, levator) · musculus uvulae · palatopharyngeus (to pharynx) · palatoglossus (to tongue)

Tongue (CN XII)

extrinsic (genioglossus, hyoglossus/chondroglossus, styloglossus, and palatoglossus) · intrinsic (superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical)

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

List of muscles of head and neck: the neck (TA A04.2, GA 4.387)

CN VII (superficial, PC): platysma
CN XI (deep): sternocleidomastoid

C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: longus (capitis, colli)

C3–C8 (lateral): scalene (anterior, medius, posterior)

C1: rectus capitis posterior (major, minor) · obliquus capitis (inferior, superior)

C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: rectus capitis (anterior, lateralis)

CN V3 (medial): mylohyoid · anterior belly of digastric

CN VII (lateral): stylohyoid · posterior belly of digastric

C1 (deep): geniohyoid

Infrahyoid/strap

C1: thyrohyoid
C1–C3: sternohyoid · sternothyroid · omohyoid

Deep cervical fascia (Pretracheal fascia, Prevertebral fascia, Investing layer) · Carotid sheath · Alar fascia

pharynx: Buccopharyngeal fascia · Pharyngobasilar fascia

Palatine aponeurosis

Pharyngeal raphe

pharyngeal constrictor (superior, middle, inferior) · longitudinal (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus)

cricothyroid · cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) · arytenoid (oblique arytenoid/aryepiglottic, transverse arytenoid) · thyroarytenoid (vocal, thyroepiglottic)

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

List of muscles of thorax and back (TA A04.3–4, GA 4.397)

splenius (capitis, cervicis) · erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) · latissimus dorsi

transversospinales: (semispinalis dorsi, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidus, rotatores) · interspinales · intertransversarii

Vertebral column: trapezius · latissimus dorsi · rhomboid (major, minor) · levator scapulae

fascia: Thoracolumbar fascia

intercostales (external, internal, innermost) · subcostales · transversus thoracis · levatores costarum · serratus posterior (inferior, superior) · diaphragm

Thoracic cavity: pectoralis major · pectoralis minor · subclavius · serratus anterior

fascia: Pectoral fascia · Clavipectoral fascia

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

List of muscles of abdominopelvic cavity (TA A04.5, GA 4.408)

Anterior/
lateral

Muscle	Abdominal external oblique · Transversus abdominis/Conjoint tendon · Rectus sheath (rectus abdominis, pyramidalis) · Arcuate line · Tendinous intersection Cremaster · Abdominal internal oblique

Fascia	Fascia/abdominal fascia: panniculus adiposus (Fascia of Camper) · stratum membranosum (Fascia of Scarpa) · Transversalis fascia (Interfoveolar ligament) Linea alba · Linea semilunaris · Inguinal triangle Inguinal canal (Deep inguinal ring, Superficial inguinal ring, Intercrural fibers, Crura of superficial inguinal ring) Inguinal ligament (Pectineal ligament, Lacunar ligament, Reflected ligament)

Posterior

Muscle	quadratus lumborum · psoas major/psoas minor · iliacus

Fascia	iliopsoas fascia (Iliac fascia/Iliopectineal arch)

Muscle	levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis) · coccygeus

Fascia	fascia/pelvic fascia visceral (Rectovaginal fascia, Rectoprostatic fascia) · parietal (Obturator fascia/Tendinous arch, Piriformis fascia) floor/diaphragm: Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm (Pubovesical ligament, Puboprostatic ligament) · Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Anococcygeal body

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

Thoracic diaphragm (TA A04.4.02, GA 4.404)

General

Central tendon · Crus of diaphragm

arcuate ligaments (Lateral, Medial, Median)

Openings

major: Caval opening · Esophageal hiatus · Aortic hiatus

minor: Sternocostal triangle · Lumbocostal triangle

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

Abdominopelvic cavity: Abdomen/Abdominal cavity and Pelvis/Pelvic cavity and Peritoneal cavity (TA A10, TH H3.04.08, GA 4.408 and GA 11.1147)

Extraperitoneal space

Retroperitoneal space · Retropubic space

Peritoneal ligaments,
mesenteries, and folds

Abdominal

From ventral mesentery	Lesser omentum: Hepatoduodenal ligament · Hepatogastric ligament Liver: Coronary ligament (Left triangular ligament, Right triangular ligament, Hepatorenal ligament) · Falciform ligament (Round ligament of liver and Ligamentum venosum in it, but not of it)

From dorsal mesentery	Greater omentum: Gastrophrenic ligament · Gastrocolic ligament · Gastrosplenic ligament Mesentery: Transverse mesocolon · Sigmoid mesocolon · Mesoappendix · Root of the mesentery Splenorenal ligament · Phrenicocolic ligament Folds: Umbilical folds (Supravesical fossa, Medial inguinal fossa, Lateral umbilical fold, Lateral inguinal fossa) · Ileocecal fold

Abdominal cavity	Greater sac · Omental bursa · Omental foramen

General	Cystohepatic triangle · Hepatorenal recess of subhepatic space · Abdominal wall (Inguinal triangle) Peritoneal recesses: Paracolic gutters · Paramesenteric gutters

Urogenital peritoneum

Uterus/ovaries	Broad ligament of the uterus (Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx, Mesometrium) · Ovarian ligament · Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Recesses	♂: Recto-vesical pouch · Pararectal fossa ♀: Recto-uterine pouch · Recto-uterine fold (Uterosacral ligament) · Vesico-uterine pouch · Ovarian fossa · Paravesical fossa

anat(t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug(A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

List of muscles of perineum (TA A09.5, GA 4.425)

Anal triangle	sphincter ani (externus, internus) Ischioanal fossa · Pudendal canal

Urogenital triangle	superficial perineal pouch (superficial transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus) deep perineal pouch (deep transverse perineal, sphincter urethrae membranaceae)

Middle	Perineal body

superficial fascia: panniculus adiposus (Fascia of Camper) · stratum membranosum (Dartos, Superficial perineal fascia, Fascia of Colles)

deep fascia: Fascia of perineum · Buck's fascia · Perineal membrane/"Inferior fascia of UGD"

"Urogenital diaphragm" · "Superior fascia of UGD"

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

List of muscles of upper limbs (TA A04.6, GA 4.432)

deltoid · rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) · teres major

fascia: Deltoid fascia · Supraspinous fascia · Infraspinous fascia

Arm
(compartments)

Anterior	coracobrachialis · biceps brachii · brachialis

Posterior	triceps brachii · anconeus · Articularis cubiti

Fascia	Axillary sheath · Axillary fascia · Brachial fascia · intermuscular septa (Lateral, Medial)

Other	spaces (Quadrangular space, Triangular space, Triangular interval)

Anterior	superficial: pronator teres · palmaris longus · flexor carpi radialis · flexor carpi ulnaris · flexor digitorum superficialis deep: pronator quadratus · flexor digitorum profundus · flexor pollicis longus

Posterior	superficial: mobile wad (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis) · extensor digitorum · extensor digiti minimi · extensor carpi ulnaris deep: supinator · anatomical snuff box (abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus) · extensor indicis

Fascia	Bicipital aponeurosis · common tendons (Extensor, Flexor) · Antebrachial fascia

Other	Cubital tunnel

Lateral volar	thenar (opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis) · adductor pollicis

Medial volar	hypothenar (opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi) · palmaris brevis

Intermediate	lumbrical · interossei (dorsal, palmar)

Fascia	posterior: Extensor retinaculum · Extensor expansion anterior: Flexor retinaculum · Palmar aponeurosis

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

List of muscles of lower limbs (TA A04.7, GA 4.465)

ILIAC Region
/ ILIOPSOAS

psoas major/psoas minor · iliacus

gluteals: (maximus, medius, minimus) · tensor fasciae latae

lateral rotator group: quadratus femoris · inferior gemellus · obturator internus · superior gemellus · piriformis

THIGH /
compartments

Anterior	sartorius · quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis) · articularis genu

Posterior/hamstring	biceps femoris · semitendinosus · semimembranosus

Medial	pectineus · obturator externus · gracilis · adductor (longus, brevis, magnus, minimus)

Fascia	Femoral sheath (Femoral canal) · Femoral ring Adductor canal · Adductor hiatus fascia lata (Iliotibial tract, Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh, Medial intermuscular septum of thigh, Fascia cribrosa/Saphenous opening) · Muscular lacuna

LEG/
Crus/
compartments

Anterior	tibialis anterior · extensor hallucis longus · extensor digitorum longus · fibularis tertius

Posterior	superficial · triceps surae (gastrocnemius, soleus, accessory soleus, Achilles tendon) · plantaris deep · tarsal tunnel (flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior) · popliteus

Lateral	fibularis muscles (longus, brevis)

Fascia	Pes anserinus crural fascia (Anterior crural intermuscular septum, Posterior crural intermuscular septum, Transverse intermuscular septum)

Dorsal	extensor hallucis brevis · extensor digitorum brevis

Plantar	1st layer (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi) · 2nd layer (quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscle) · 3rd layer (flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis) · 4th layer (dorsal interossei, plantar interossei)

Fascia	Plantar fascia retinacula (Fibular, Inferior extensor, Superior extensor, Flexor)

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

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