List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: IX. Neurology

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This article's lead section may not adequately summarize its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article's key points. (September 2009)

The subjects listed below are covered by the 9th chapter of the 1858 anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy.

Contents

1 Structure of the nervous system (Gray's s183)
2 Development of the nervous system (Gray's s184)
3 The spinal cord or medulla spinalis (Gray's s185)
4 The brain or encephalon (Gray's s186)
5 The cranial nerves (Gray's s195)
6 The spinal nerves (Gray's s208)
7 The sympathetic nerves (Gray's s214)
8 See also

[edit] Structure of the nervous system (Gray's s183)

[edit] Gray's page #721

[edit] Gray's page #722

[edit] Gray's page #723

Nerve cells
- axis-cylinder process or axon
- protoplasmic processes or dendrons
- cyton
- Nissl's granules

[edit] Gray's page #724

[edit] Gray's page #725

medullated fibers or white fibers

[edit] Gray's page #726

medullated fibers or white fibers
- medullary sheath, or white matter of Schwann

[edit] Gray's page #727

[edit] Gray's page #728

Non-medullated Fibers
Gray or gelatinous nerve fibers (fibers of Remak)
Structure of the Peripheral nerves and Ganglia

[edit] Gray's page #729

Structure of the Peripheral nerves and Ganglia
Origins and Terminations of Nerves

[edit] Gray's page #730

origins or central terminations; and peripheral terminations
- Origins of nerves
  - superficial origin or apparent origin
  - deep origin or real origin
- Peripheral terminations of nerves
Motor nerves
- motor end-plate
Ganglia

[edit] Gray's page #732

Neuron theory
- neuron
- synapse or synaptic membrane
Fasciculi, tracts or fiber systems

[edit] Development of the nervous system (Gray's s184)

[edit] Medulla spinalis

[edit] Gray's page #733

[edit] Gray's page #735

[edit] spinal nerves

[edit] Gray's page #735

spinal nerves

[edit] Gray's page #736

[edit] Brain

[edit] Gray's page #736

Brain

[edit] Gray's page #737

[edit] Hind-brain or Rhombencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #738

[edit] Gray's page #739

[edit] Gray's page #740

[edit] Gray's page #741

[edit] Mesencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #741

Mesencephalon

[edit] Prosencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #741

Prosencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #742

[edit] Diencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #742

[edit] Gray's page #743

[edit] Telencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #743

Telencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #744

[edit] Gray's page #745

[edit] Gray's page #746

[edit] Gray's page #747

Commissures

[edit] Fissures and Sulci

[edit] Gray's page #747

[edit] Gray's page #748

[edit] The spinal cord or medulla spinalis (Gray's s185)

[edit] Gray's page #749

[edit] Gray's page #750

[edit] Gray's page #751

Enlargements of medulla spinalis

[edit] Gray's page #752

Enlargements of medulla spinalis
- cervical enlargement
- lumbar enlargement

[edit] Fissures and Sulci

[edit] Gray's page #752

Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior)
Posterior median sulcus (sulcus medianus posterior)
posterolateral sulcus
posterior funiculus
postero-intermediate sulcus
- fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)
- fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)

[edit] Gray's page #753

antero-lateral region
anterior funiculus
lateral funiculus
Internal Structure of the Medulla spinalis

[edit] Gray substance

[edit] Gray's page #753

Gray substance (substantia grisea centralis)
central canal
Anterior column (columna anterior; anterior cornu)
- lateral column (columna lateralis; lateral cornu)
Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
- tract of Lissauer
- substantia gelatinosa of Rolando

[edit] Gray's page #754

Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
- formatio reticularis
Central canal (canalis centralis)
substantia gelatinosa centralis

[edit] Gray's page #755

[edit] Gray's page #756

Nerve cells in the Anterior column
- antero-medial column

[edit] Gray's page #757

Nerve cells in the Anterior column
- dorso-medial column
Nerve cells in the Lateral column
- lateral nucleus

[edit] Gray's page #758

Nerve cells in the Lateral column
- preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system
Nerve cells in the Posterior column
- dorsal nucleus (nucleus dorsalis; column of Clarke)
- cervical nucleus
- sacral nucleus
- dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (direct cerebellar)
- nerve cells in the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
- Solitary cells
- posterior basal column

[edit] White substance

[edit] Gray's page #758

White substance (substantia alba)

[edit] Gray's page #759

Nerve fasciculi
Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
  - anterior cerebrospinal (fasciculus cerebrospinalis anterior; direct pyramidal tract)

[edit] Gray's page #760

Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
  - vestibulospinal fasciculus
  - tectospinal fasciculus
- Ascending fasciculi
  - ventral spinothalamic fasciculus
  - anterior proper fasciculus (fasciculus anterior proprius; anterior basis bundle)
Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
  - lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis; crossed pyramidal tract)

[edit] Gray's page #761

Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
  - rubrospinal fasciculus (Monakow) (prepyramidal tract)
  - olivospinal fasciculus (Helweg)
- Ascending fasciculi
  - dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract of Flechsig)
  - superficial antero-lateral fasciculus (tract of Gowers)
  - ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus (Gowers)

[edit] Gray's page #762

Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
- Ascending fasciculi
  - lateral spinothalamic fasciculus
  - secondary sensory fasciculus or spinal lemniscus
  - spinotectal fasciculus (spino-quadrigeminal system of Mott)
  - fasciculus of Lissauer
  - lateral proper fasciculus (fasciculus lateralis proprius; lateral basis bundle)
  - medial longitudinal fasciculus
Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
- fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)

[edit] Gray's page #763

Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
- fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)

[edit] Gray's page #764

Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
- Posterior proper fasciculus (Posterior ground bundle, Posterior basis bundle)
descending fibers occupy different parts at different levels
Roots of spinal nerves

[edit] The brain or encephalon (Gray's s186)

[edit] Gray's page #766

Brain (Encephalon)
- Brain: divisions of:
- Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius )

[edit] The hind-brain or rhombencephalon (Gray's s187)

[edit] Gray's page #767

[edit] Myelencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #767

Medulla oblongata (spinal bulb)
Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior; ventral or ventromedian fissure)
Posterior median fissure (fissura mediana posterior; dorsal or dorsomedian fissure)

[edit] Gray's page #768

[edit] Myelencephalon: anterior district of medulla oblongata

[edit] Gray's page #768

pyramid of medulla oblongata (pyramis medullæ oblongatæ)
pyramidal decussation

[edit] Gray's page #769

medial longitudinal fasciculus

[edit] Myelencephalon: lateral district

[edit] Gray's page #769

olive (oliva; olivary body)

[edit] Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - lower part

[edit] Gray's page #774

[edit] Gray's page #775

tubercle of Rolando (tuber cinereum)

[edit] Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - upper part

[edit] Gray's page #775

[edit] Myelencephalon: Cerebrospinal fasciculi

[edit] Gray's page #775

nucleus ambiguus

[edit] Gray's page #776

[edit] Gray's page #777

[edit] Gray's page #778

locus cæruleus
dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract)
proper fasciculi (basis bundles)

[edit] Gray's page #779

medial longitudinal fasciculus

[edit] Myelencephalon: Gray Substance of the Medulla oblongata

[edit] Gray's page #779

[edit] Gray's page #780

dorsal nucleus
- sensory nucleus

[edit] Gray's page #781

dorsal nucleus
- ala cinerea (trigonum vagi)
nucleus of the cochlear nerve and nucleus of the vestibular nerve
olivary nuclei

[edit] Gray's page #782

olivary nuclei
- dorsal accessory olivary nucleus

[edit] Myelencephalon: Inferior peduncle (restiform body)

[edit] Gray's page #782

[edit] Gray's page #783

posterior external arcuate fibers

[edit] Gray's page #784

[edit] Myelencephalon: Formatio reticularis

[edit] Gray's page #784

[edit] Gray's page #785

fasciculus solitarius

[edit] Metencephalon - pons

[edit] Gray's page #785

Pons (pons Varoli)
tænia pontis
anterior surface (pars basilaris pontis)
- middle peduncle
- sulcus basilaris
posterior surface (pars dorsalis pontis)
basilar part of the pons
- superficial transverse fibers (fibræ pontis superficiales)
- deep transverse fibers (fibræ pontis profundæ)
- longitudinal fasciculi (fasciculi longitudinales)

[edit] Gray's page #786

[edit] Gray's page #787

Tegmental part of pons
- trapezoid body
- trapezoid nucleus
- medial longitudinal fasciculus
- pontine nuclei
  - superior olivary nucleus (nucleus olivaris superior)
  - nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (nuclei n. trigemini)
  - nucleus of the abducent nerve (nucleus n. abducentis)
  - nucleus of the facial nerve (nucleus n. fascialis)
    - colliculus facialis

[edit] Gray's page #788

Tegmental part of pons

[edit] Metencephalon - cerebellum

[edit] Gray's page #788

Cerebellum
Lobes of the Cerebellum

[edit] Gray's page #789

[edit] Gray's page #790

Monticulus and Quadrangular lobules
Folium vermis and Superior semilunar lobule
- folium vermis (folium cacuminis; cacuminal lobe)
- superior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris superior; postero-superior lobules)
- horizontal sulcus
- lobus semilunaris
under surface of the cerebellum
Nodule and Flocculus
- nodule (nodulus vermis; nodular lobe)

[edit] Gray's page #791

Nodule and Flocculus
Uvula and Tonsilla
- uvula (uvula vermis; uvular lobe)
- sulcus valleculæ
- furrowed band
- tonsilla (tonsilla cerebelli; amygdaline nucleus)
- bird's nest (nidus avis)
- lobus uvulæ
lobus pyramidis
- biventral lobule
Tuber vermis (tuber valvulæ)
Inferior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris inferior; postero-superior lobule)
lobus tuberus (tuberæ lobe)
White substance
- dentate nucleus
- arbor vitæ
projection fibers

[edit] Gray's page #792

projection fibers
- superior cerebellar peduncles (brachia conjunctiva)

[edit] Gray's page #793

projection fibers
- ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus
- middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis)
- superior fasciculus
- inferior fasciculus
- deep fasciculus
- inferior cerebellar peduncles (restiform bodies)
- anterior medullary velum (velum medullare anterius; valve of Vieussens; superior medullary velum)

[edit] Gray's page #794

projection fibers
- posterior medullary velum (velum medullare posterius; inferior medullary velum)
Fibrae propriae
- commissural fibers
- arcuate fibers^{[disambiguation needed ]} (association fibers)
Gray substance
- gray substance of the cortex
Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex

[edit] Gray's page #795

Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
- internal rust-colored layer (nuclear layer)

[edit] Gray's page #796

Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex

[edit] Fourth ventricle

[edit] Gray's page #797

Fourth ventricle (ventriculus quartus)
Roof or Dorsal Wall
- superior peduncle
- anterior medullary velum
- posterior medullary velum
- taeniae of the fourth ventricle (ligulae)
- obex
- epithelial lining of the ventricle
- tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle
- taeniae of the fourth ventricle (taenia ventriculi quarti; ligula)

[edit] Gray's page #798

Roof or Dorsal Wall
Choroid plexuses
Openings in the Roof
- medial aperture (foramen Majendii)
- lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)
Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)

[edit] Gray's page #799

Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)

[edit] Gray's page #800

Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)

[edit] The mid-brain or mesencephalon (Gray's s188)

Human brain: mesencephalon (midbrain) (TA A14.1.06, GA 9.800)

Tectum
(Dorsal)

Surface	Corpora quadrigemina: Inferior colliculi (Brachium of inferior colliculus), Superior colliculi (Brachium of superior colliculus)

Grey matter	Pretectal area

White: Sensory/ascending	Spinotectal tract · Central tegmental tract

White: Motor/descending	Tectospinal tract

Peduncle
(Ventral)

White: Sensory/ascending	lemnisci (Medial, Lateral) · Ascending MLF (Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers) · Spinothalamic tract · Anterior trigeminothalamic tract · Dentatothalamic tract

White: Motor/descending	Rubrospinal tract · Rubro-olivary tract · Descending MLF

Grey: cranial nuclei	GSA (V: Mesencephalic) - GSE (III: Oculomotor, IV: Trochlear) - GVE (III: Edinger-Westphal)

Grey: other	Periaqueductal gray/Raphe nuclei (Dorsal raphe nucleus) Ventral tegmental area • Pedunculopontine nucleus • Red nucleus riMLF

Ventricular system	Cerebral aqueduct

Base

White: Motor/descending	Cerebral crus: Corticospinal tract · Corticobulbar tract · Corticopontine tract/Frontopontine fibers/Temporopontine fibers

Grey: Substantia nigra	Pars compacta · Pars reticulata

Surface	Superior cerebellar peduncle (Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles) · Interpeduncular fossa

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

[edit] Cerebral peduncles

[edit] Gray's page #800

cerebral peduncles (pedunculus cerebri; crus cerebri)

[edit] Gray's page #801

cerebral peduncles
- Oculomotor sulcus
- lateral sulcus

[edit] Gray's page #802

[edit] Gray's page #803

[edit] Gray's page #804

central tract of the cranial nerves

[edit] Gray's page #805

[edit] Corpora quadrigemina

[edit] Gray's page #805

[edit] Gray's page #806

brachium
inferior colliculus (colliculus inferior; inferior quadrigeminal body; postgemina)
superior colliculus (colliculus superior; superior quadrigeminal body; pregemina)

[edit] Cerebral aqueduct

[edit] Gray's page #806

cerebral aqueduct (aqueductus cerebri; aqueduct of Sylvius)
ventricle of the mid-brain
central gray stratum

[edit] Gray's page #807

[edit] The fore-brain or prosencephalon (Gray's s189)

Human brain: forebrain (cerebrum · cerebral cortex · cerebral hemispheres, grey matter) (TA A14.1.09.002–240, 301–320, GA 9.818–826)

Superolateral

Prefrontal	Superior frontal gyrus (4l, 6l, 8l) · Middle frontal gyrus (9l, 10l, 46) Inferior frontal gyrus: 11l · 47-Pars orbitalis · Broca's area (44-Pars opercularis, 45-Pars triangularis) Superior frontal sulcus · Inferior frontal sulcus

Precentral	Precentral gyrus · Precentral sulcus

Medial/inferior

Prefrontal	Superior frontal gyrus (4m, 6m) · Medial frontal gyrus (8m, 9m) Paraterminal gyrus/Paraolfactory area (12) · Straight gyrus (11m) · Orbital gyri/Orbitofrontal cortex (10m, 11m, 12) · Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (10m) · Subcallosal area (25) Olfactory sulcus · Orbital sulci

Precentral	Paracentral lobule (4) · Paracentral sulcus

Both

Primary motor cortex (4) · Premotor cortex (6) · Supplementary motor area (6) · Frontal eye fields (8)

Superolateral	Superior parietal lobule (5l, 7l) · Inferior parietal lobule (40-Supramarginal gyrus, 39-Angular gyrus) · Parietal operculum (43) Intraparietal sulcus

Medial/inferior	Paracentral lobule (1m, 2m, 3m, 5m) · Precuneus (7m) Marginal sulcus

Both	Postcentral gyrus/primary somatosensory cortex (1 · 2 · 3) · Secondary somatosensory cortex (5) · Posterior parietal cortex (7)

Superolateral	Occipital pole of cerebrum · Lateral occipital gyrus (18, 19) · Lunate sulcus · Transverse occipital sulcus

Medial/inferior	Primary visual cortex (17) · Cuneus · Lingual gyrus Calcarine fissure

Superolateral	Transverse temporal gyrus/Primary auditory cortex (41, 42) · Superior temporal gyrus (38, 22/Wernicke's area) · Middle temporal gyrus (21) · Inferior temporal gyrus (20) Superior temporal sulcus · Inferior temporal sulcus

Medial/inferior	Fusiform gyrus (37) Medial temporal lobe (27 · 28 · 34 · 35 · 36) Inferior temporal sulcus

Interlobar
sulci/fissures

Superolateral	Central (frontal+parietal) · Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal) · Parieto-occipital · Preoccipital notch

Medial/inferior	Medial longitudinal · Cingulate (frontal+cingulate) · Collateral (temporal+occipital) · Callosal sulcus

Parahippocampal gyrus	anterior (Entorhinal cortex, Perirhinal cortex) · Posterior parahippocampal gyrus · Prepyriform area

Cingulate cortex/gyrus	Subgenual area (25) · Anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33) · Posterior cingulate (23, 31) Isthmus of cingulate gyrus: Retrosplenial cortex (26, 29, 30)

Hippocampal formation	Hippocampal sulcus · Fimbria of hippocampus · Dentate gyrus · Rhinal sulcus

Other	Supracallosal gyrus · Uncus

Long gyrus of insula · Short gyri of insula · Circular sulcus of insula

General

Operculum · Poles of cerebral hemispheres

Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

[edit] Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #807

Diencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #808

Thalamencephalon

[edit] Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Thalamus

[edit] Gray's page #808

Thalami (optic thalamus)
extremities
- anterior extremity
- posterior extremity
superior surface
- stratum zonale
- stria terminalis

[edit] Gray's page #809

[edit] Gray's page #810

[edit] Gray's page #811

Thalami: stalks of

[edit] Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Metathalamus

[edit] Gray's page #811

Metathalamus
geniculate bodies
medial geniculate body (corpus geniculatum mediale; internal geniculate body; postgeniculatum)
lateral geniculate body (corpus geniculatum laterale; external geniculate body; pregeniculatum)

[edit] Gray's page #812

Metathalamus
- lower visual centers

[edit] Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Epithalamus

[edit] Gray's page #812

Epithalamus (see also Habenula and Habenular nuclei)
- trigonum habenulæ
- pineal body (corpus pineale; epiphysis)
  - stalk of the pineal body
- posterior commissure
  - nucleus of the posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch)

[edit] Diencephalon/Thalamencephalon - Hypothalamus

[edit] Gray's page #812

[edit] Gray's page #813

greater part of the floor of the third ventricle
- corpora mammillaria (corpus albicantia)
  - thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d'Azyr)
- tuber cinereum
  - lamina terminalis
  - infundibulum
- basal optic nucleus of Meynert
  - eminentia saccularis

[edit] Gray's page #814

greater part of the floor of the third ventricle
- hypophysis (pituitary body)
  - diaphragma sella
Optic chiasma (chiasma opticum; optic commissure)
- commissure of Gudden

[edit] Diencephalon/Other

[edit] Gray's page #814

Optic tracts

[edit] Gray's page #815

Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
- roof
  - choroid plexuses of the third ventricle
- floor

[edit] Gray's page #816

Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
- floor
  - recessus infundibuli
- anterior boundary
- posterior boundary
  - recessus pinealis
  - recessus suprapinealis
- lateral wall
  - sulcus of Monro
  - massa intermedia
Interpeduncular fossa

[edit] Telencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #817

[edit] Gray's page #818

[edit] Gray's page #819

gyri
Sulci and fissures of cerebral hemisphere
Lateral cerebral fissure (fissura cerebri lateralis; fissure of Sylvius)
Central sulcus (sulcus centralis; fissure of Rolando; central fissure)

[edit] Gray's page #820

Parietoöccipital fissure (fissura parietoöccipitalis)
Calcarine fissure (fissura calcarina)
Cingulate sulcus (sulcus cinguli; callosomarginal fissure)
Collateral fissure (fissura collateralis)

[edit] Gray's page #821

Sulcus circularis (circuminsular fissure)
Lobes: of cerebral hemisphere

[edit] Telencephalon - Frontal lobe

[edit] Gray's page #821

Frontal lobe (lobus frontalis)
precentral sulcus
superior frontal sulcus and inferior frontal sulcus
anterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis anterior; ascending frontal convolution; precentral gyre)
superior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis superior; superfrontal gyre)

[edit] Gray's page #822

superior frontal gyrus
- paramedial sulcus
middle frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis medius; medifrontal gyre)
- medial frontal sulcus
inferior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis inferior; subfrontal gyre)
inferior surface or orbital surface
medial surface
- marginal gyrus
- paracentral lobule

[edit] Telencephalon - Parietal lobe

[edit] Gray's page #822

[edit] Gray's page #823

occipital ramus
transverse occipital sulcus
superior parietal lobule
inferior parietal lobule
posterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis posterior; ascending parietal convolution; postcentral gyre)
superior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis superior)
arcus parietoöccipitalis
inferior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis inferior; subparietal district or lobule)
subparietal sulcus
precuneus (quadrate lobe)

[edit] Telencephalon - Occipital lobe

[edit] Gray's page #823

Occipital lobe (lobus occipitalis)
transverse occipital sulcus
lateral occipital sulcus
lingual gyrus
fusiform gyrus (occipitotemporal convolution)

[edit] Telencephalon - Temporal lobe

[edit] Gray's page #823

Temporal lobe (lobus temporalis)

[edit] Gray's page #824

[edit] Telencephalon - Insula

[edit] Gray's page #825

[edit] Telencephalon - Limbic lobe

[edit] Gray's page #825

Limbic lobe
cingulate gyrus (gyrus cinguli; callosal convolution)
callosal fissure
Isthmus of cingulate gyrus

[edit] Gray's page #826

hippocampal gyrus (gyrus hippocampi)
cingulum
uncus
incisura temporalis
Hippocampal fissure (fissura hippocampi; dentate fissure)

[edit] Telencephalon - Rhinencephalon

[edit] Gray's page #826

Rhinencephalon
Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
- olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius)
- olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
  - lateral stria

[edit] Gray's page #827

Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
- olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
  - medial stria
  - intermediate stria
- olfactory trigone (trigonum olfactorium)
- parolfactory area of Broca (area parolfactoria)
- anterior perforated substance (substantia perforata anterior)
- fissure prima
Uncus
subcallosal gyrus (gyrus subcallosus; peduncle of the corpus callosum)
supracallosal gyrus (indusium griseum; gyrus epicallosus)
- fasciola cinerea
fascia dentata hippocampi (gyrus dentatus)
- fimbriodentate fissure
- band of Giacomini

[edit] Telencephalon - Interior of the Cerebral Hemispheres

[edit] Gray's page #827

[edit] Gray's page #828

[edit] Gray's page #829

corpus callosum
Ventricles
- Lateral ventricles (ventriculus lateralis)
- septum pellucidum
- interventricular foramen
- ependyma
- cornua^{[disambiguation needed ]}
- central part (pars centralis ventriculi lateralis; cella)

[edit] Gray's page #830

Ventricles
- anterior cornu (cornu anterius; anterior horn; precornu)

[edit] Gray's page #831

Ventricles
- rostrum
- posterior cornu^{[disambiguation needed ]} (cornu posterius; postcornu)
- calcar avis (hippocampus minor)
- bulb of the posterior cornu
- inferior cornu^{[disambiguation needed ]} (cornu inferior; descending horn; middle horn; medicornu)

[edit] Gray's page #832

hippocampus (hippocampus major)

[edit] Gray's page #833

hippocampus (hippocampus major)
- pes hippocampi
- alveus
collateral eminence (eminentia collateralis)
- trigonum collaterale
corpus striatum
caudate nucleus (nucleus caudatus; caudatum)

[edit] Gray's page #834

lentiform nucleus (nucleus lentiformis; lenticular nucleus; lenticula)
medullary laminæ
- Putamen

[edit] Gray's page #835

[edit] Gray's page #836

internal capsule (capsula interna)

[edit] Gray's page #837

internal capsule (capsula interna)
- corona radiata
external capsule (capsula externa)
substantia innominata of Meynert
- ansa lentiformis
stria terminalis (tænia semicircularis)

[edit] Gray's page #838

terminal vein (vein of the corpus striatum)
lamina affixa
Fornix
- Columns of fornix
- crura
- body (corpus fornicis)
- psalterium (lyra)
- hippocampal commissure
- ventricle of the fornix (ventricle of Verga)
- columns (columna fornicis; anterior pillars; fornicolumns)

[edit] Gray's page #839

thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d’Azyr)

[edit] Gray's page #840

olfactory fasciculus
crura (crus fornicis; posterior pillars)
Interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
Anterior commissure (precommissure)
- Septum pellucidum (septum lucidum)
cavity of the septum pellucidum (cavum septi pellucidi; pseudocele; fifth ventricle)
Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle (plexus chorioideus ventriculus lateralis; paraplexus)

[edit] Gray's page #841

tela chorioidea of the third ventricle
choroidal fissure
tela chorioidea of the third ventricle (tela chorioidea ventriculi tertii; velum interpositum)

[edit] Gray's page #842

[edit] Telencephalon - Structure of the Cerebral Hemispheres

[edit] Gray's page #842

[edit] Gray's page #843

white substance

[edit] Gray's page #844

white substance
- Association fibers
  - long association fibers

[edit] Gray's page #845

white substance
- Association fibers
  - long association fibers
    - fornix
gray substance of the hemisphere
- Structure of the Cerebral Cortex
  - outer band of Baillarger or band of Gennari
  - inner band of Baillarger
- Nerve cells

[edit] Gray's page #846

Nerve Fibers
- Tangential fibers of cerebral cortex
- Radial fibers of cerebral cortex

[edit] Gray's page #847

Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
- Visual area of cerebral cortex
  - Visuosensory area
  - Visuopsychic area
- Motor areas of cerebral cortex

[edit] Gray's page #848

Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
- Olfactory bulb
- glomeruli
  - Mitral cells

[edit] Composition and central connections of the spinal nerves (Gray's s190)

[edit] Gray's page #849

typical spinal nerve

[edit] Gray's page #850

Intrinsic spinal reflex paths

[edit] Gray's page #851

Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
- conscious muscle sense
- unconscious muscle sense

[edit] Gray's page #853

Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
- impulses of pain
- impulses of temperature

[edit] Gray's page #854

[edit] Composition and central connections of the cranial nerves (Gray's s191)

[edit] Gray's page #855

Hypoglossal nerve (XII cranial)
Accessory nerve (XI cranial)
Vagus nerve (X cranial)
- somatic sensory fibers

[edit] Gray's page #856

Vagus nerve (X cranial)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial)
- somatic sensory fibers

[edit] Gray's page #857

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial)
- Sympathetic afferent fibers
- Taste fibers
- Somatic motor fibers
- Sympathetic efferent fibers (motor and secretory fibers)

Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)

[edit] Gray's page #858

Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)

[edit] Gray's page #859

Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
- lateral preolivary nucleus or semilunar nucleus
- mesial preolivary nucleus
- lateral lemniscus (lateral fillet)
- fillet of Reil
- lower and upper nuclei of the lateral lemniscus
- inferior colliculi (lower or posterior quadrigeminal bodies)
- medial geniculate body
- commissure of Gudden

[edit] Gray's page #860

Vestibular nerve (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
- dorsal vestibular nucleus (medial or principal nucleus)
- inferior vestibular nucleus
- lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters's nucleus)

[edit] Gray's page #861

Vestibular nerve (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
- superior vestibular nucleus (Bechterew's nucleus)
Facial nerve (VII cranial)
Abducens nerve (VI cranial)

[edit] Gray's page #862

Abducens nerve (VI cranial)
- corticopontine fibers
Trigeminal nerve (V cranial)

[edit] Gray's page #863

Trigeminal nerve (V cranial)
- central path of the trigeminal (trigeminothalamic tract)
- mesencephalic root (descending root of the trigeminal)
Trochlear nerve (IV cranial)
- trochlear nucleus
Oculomotor nerve (III cranial)
- oculomotor nucleus

[edit] Gray's page #864

Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)

[edit] Gray's page #865

Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)

[edit] Gray's page #866

Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
Olfactory nerves (I cranial) or nerves of smell

[edit] Gray's page #867

Olfactory nerves (I cranial) or nerves of smell

[edit] Gray's page #868

[edit] Gray's page #869

olfactory projection fibers
alveus
fornix
hippocampal commissure (ventral psalterium or lyre)
bundle of Vicq d'Azyr (mammillo-thalamic fasciculus)
amygdaloid nucleus and the tænia semicircularis (stria terminalis)

[edit] Pathways from the brain to the spinal cord (Gray's s192)

[edit] Gray's page #870

[edit] Gray's page #871

Tectospinal fasciculus

[edit] Gray's page #872

vestibulospinal fasciculus (part of the anterior marginal fasciculus or Loewenthal's tract)
pontospinal fasciculus (Bechterew)

[edit] The meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis (Gray's s193)

Anatomy: meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis (TA A14.1.01, GA 9.749/9.872)

Layers

Dura mater	Falx cerebri · Tentorium cerebelli · Falx cerebelli · Diaphragma sellae · Trigeminal cave

Arachnoid mater	Arachnoid granulation · Arachnoid trabeculae Subarachnoid cisterns: Cisterna magna · Pontine cistern · Interpeduncular cistern · Chiasmatic · Lateral cerebral fossa · Of great cerebral vein · Of lamina terminalis

Pia mater	Denticulate ligaments Tela chorioidea (Tela chorioidea of third ventricle, Tela chorioidea of fourth ventricle) · Choroid plexus

Combined	Filum terminale · Leptomeninges

Spaces

Epidural space · Subdural space · Subarachnoid space (Cerebrospinal fluid)

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

[edit] Gray's page #872

dura mater
- cranial dura mater (dura mater encephali; dura of the brain)

[edit] Gray's page #873

processes of dura mater
- Falx cerebri

[edit] Gray's page #874

processes of dura mater

[edit] Gray's page #875

Structure
- Endosteal layer of dura mater
- Meningeal layer of dura mater
- arteries of Dura mater
- veins of Dura mater
- nerves of Dura mater
spinal dura mater (dura mater spinalis; spinal dura)
- Subdural cavity
- Epidural space

[edit] Gray's page #876

spinal dura mater (dura mater spinalis; spinal dura)
- Structure
Dura mater: structure of:
Arachnoid (Arachnoid membrane)
- Cranial arachnoid (Arachnoidea encephali)
- Spinal arachnoid (Arachnoidea spinalis)
- structure of Arachnoid
Subarachnoid cavity (Cavum subarachnoideale, Subarachnoid space)
Subarachnoid cisternæ (Cisternæ subarachnoidales)

[edit] Gray's page #877

[edit] Gray's page #878

[edit] Gray's page #879

Pia mater

[edit] Gray's page #880

ligamentum denticulatum (dentate ligament)

[edit] The cerebrospinal fluid (Gray's s194)

[edit] Gray's page #880

[edit] The cranial nerves (Gray's s195)

Nerves: spinal nerves (TA A14.2, GA 9.916)

C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8

anterior (Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus) – posterior (Posterior branches of cervical nerves, Suboccipital – C1, Greater occipital – C2, Third occipital – C3)

T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12

anterior (Intercostal, Intercostobrachial – T2, Thoraco-abdominal nerves – T7–T11, Subcostal – T12) – posterior (Posterior branches of thoracic nerves)

L1, L2, L3, L4, L5

anterior (Lumbar plexus, Lumbosacral trunk) · posterior (Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves, Superior cluneal L1–L3)

S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

anterior (Sacral plexus) · posterior (Posterior branches of sacral nerves, Medial cluneal nerves)

anterior (Coccygeal plexus) · posterior (Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve)

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Cranial nerves (Nervi cerebrales, Cerebral nerves)
Nuclei: of origin of motor nerves

[edit] The olfactory nerves (Gray's s196)

[edit] Gray's page #881

Olfactory nerves (Nervi olfactorii, first nerve)

[edit] The optic nerve (Gray's s197)

[edit] Gray's page #882

Optic nerve (Nervus opticus, Second nerve)
Visual center

[edit] Gray's page #883

[edit] Gray's page #884

Optic tract

[edit] The oculomotor nerve (Gray's s198)

[edit] Gray's page #884

[edit] The trochlear nerve (Gray's s199)

[edit] Gray's page #885

Trochlear nerve (Nervus trochlearis, Fourth nerve)

[edit] The trigeminal nerve (Gray's s200)

[edit] Gray's page #886

[edit] Ophthalmic nerve

[edit] Gray's page #887

Ophthalmic nerve (Nervus ophthalmicus)
Lacrimal nerve (Nervus lacrimalis)
Frontal nerve (Nervus frontalis)

[edit] Gray's page #888

[edit] Gray's page #889

Short ciliary nerves

[edit] Maxillary nerve

[edit] Gray's page #889

Maxillary nerve (Nervus maxillaris, superior maxillary nerve)
In the Cranium
- Middle meningeal nerve (Nervus meningeus medius, meningeal branch, dural branch)
In the Pterygopalatine Fossa
- Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #890

In the Pterygopalatine fossa
- Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)
  - Zygomaticotemporal branch
  - Zygomaticofacial branch
- Sphenopalatine nerves (Nervi sphenopalatini)
- Posterior superior alveolar branches (Nervus rami alveolares superiores posteriores, posterior superior dental branches)

[edit] Gray's page #891

In the Infraorbital canal
- Middle superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior medius; middle superior dental branch)
- Anterior superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior anteriores; Nervus ramus alveolaris superior anteriores, anterior superior dental branch, Anterior superior dental nerve )
  - nasal branch
On the Face
- Inferior palpebral branches (rami palpebrales inferiores; palpebral branches)
- External nasal branches (rami nasales externi, Nervus nasales externi)
- Superior labial branches (rami labiales superiores, Nervus labialis superiores, labial branches)
  - Infraorbital plexus
Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)

[edit] Gray's page #892

Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)
- Greater superficial petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus superficialis major, Large superficial petrosal nerve)
- Deep petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus profundus, Large deep petrosal nerve)
- Nerve of pterygoid canal (Nervus canalis pterygoidei, Vidian nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #893

Branches of Distribution
- orbital branches (rami orbitales; ascending branches)
- palatine nerves (nn. palatini; descending branches)
  - anterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus anterior)
  - middle palatine nerve (n. palatinus medius)
  - posterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus posterior)
- posterior superior nasal branches (rami nasales posteriores superiores)
  - nasopalatine nerve
- pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve)

[edit] Mandibular nerve

[edit] Gray's page #893

mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis; inferior maxillary nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #894

Nervus spinosus
Internal pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus internus)
anterior and smaller division of the mandibular nerve
- Masseteric nerve (Nervus massetericus)

[edit] Gray's page #895

anterior and smaller division of the mandibular nerve
- Deep temporal nerves (nn. temporales profundi)
- Buccinator nerve (n. buccinatorus; long buccal nerve)
- External pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus externus)
posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
- Auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)
  - anterior auricular branches (nn. auriculares anteriores)
  - branches to the external acoustic meatus (n. meatus auditorii externi)
  - articular branches
  - parotid branches (rami parotidei)
  - superficial temporal branch (rami temporales superficiales)
- Lingual nerve (n. lingualis)

[edit] Gray's page #896

posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
  - Mylohyoid nerve (n. mylohyoideus)

[edit] Gray's page #897

posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
  - dental branches
    - inferior dental plexus
  - incisive branch
  - mental nerve (n. mentalis)
Otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)

[edit] Gray's page #898

Submaxillary ganglion (ganglion submaxillare)

[edit] The abducent nerve (Gray's s201)

[edit] Gray's page #899

Abducent nerve (Nervus abducens, Sixth nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #900

[edit] The facial nerve (Gray's s202)

[edit] Gray's page #901

Facial nerve (Nervus facialis, Seventh nerve)
nervus intermedius (pars intermedii of Wrisberg)

[edit] Gray's page #902

[edit] Gray's page #903

greater superficial petrosal nerve (large superficial petrosal nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #904

With the facial canal
- Nerve to the stapedius (n. stapedius; tympanic branch)
- Chorda tympani nerve
  - iter chordae posterius
  - iter chordae anterius

[edit] Gray's page #905

At its exit from the stylomastoid foramen
- Posterior auricular nerve (n. auricularis posterior)
  - auricular branch
  - occipital branch
- Digastric branch (ramus digastricus)
- Stylohyoid branch (ramus stylohyoideus)
On the face
- Temporal branches (rami temporales)
- Zygomatic branches (rami zygomatici; malar branches)
- Buccal branches (rami buccales; infraorbital branches)
- Mandibular branch (ramus marginalis mandibulæ)
- Cervical branch (ramus colli)

[edit] The acoustic nerve (Gray's s203)

[edit] Gray's page #905

acoustic nerve (Eighth nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #906

[edit] The glossopharyngeal nerve (Gray's s204)

[edit] Gray's page #906

Glossopharyngeal nerve (Nervus glossopharyngeus, Ninth nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #907

[edit] Gray's page #908

Ganglia
- Superior ganglion (ganglion superius; jugular ganglion)
- Petrous ganglion (ganglion petrosum; inferior ganglion)

[edit] Gray's page #909

Branches of Distribution
- Tympanic nerve (n. tympanicus; nerve of Jacobson)
  - Tympanic plexus
- Carotid branches (n. caroticotympanicus superior and n. caroticotympanicus inferior)
- Pharyngeal branches (rami pharyngei)
  - Pharyngeal plexus
- Muscular branch (ramus stylopharyngeus)
- Tonsillar branches (rami tonsillares)
- Lingual branches (rami linguales)

[edit] The vagus nerve (Gray's s205)

[edit] Gray's page #910

Vagus nerve (Nervus vagus, Tenth nerve; Pneumogastric nerve )
Jugular ganglion (ganglion of the root)
Ganglion nodosum (ganglion of the trunk)
Posterior pulmonary plexus
Esophageal plexus

[edit] Gray's page #911

Ganglion nodosum (ganglion of the trunk; inferior ganglion)
In the Jugular fossa
- Meningeal branch^{[disambiguation needed ]} (ramus meningeus; dural branch)
- Auricular branch^{[disambiguation needed ]} (ramus auricularis; nerve of Arnold)
In the Neck
- Pharyngeal branch (ramus pharyngeus)

[edit] Gray's page #912

In the Neck
- Pharyngeal branch^{[disambiguation needed ]} (ramus pharyngeus)
  - Pharyngeal plexus^{[disambiguation needed ]}
- Superior laryngeal nerve (n. laryngeus superior)
  - external branch (ramus externus) - external laryngeal nerve
  - internal branch (ramus internus) - internal laryngeal nerve
- Recurrent nerve (n. recurrens; inferior or recurrent laryngeal nerve)
- Superior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci superiores; cervical cardiac branches)
  - upper branches
  - lower branch
In the Thorax
- Inferior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci inferiores; thoracic cardiac branches)

[edit] Gray's page #913

In the Thorax
- Anterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales anteriores; anterior or ventral pulmonary branches)
  - Anterior pulmonary plexus
- Posterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales posteriores; posterior or dorsal pulmonary branches)
  - posterior pulmonary plexus
- Esophageal branches (rami æsophagei)
  - esophageal plexus

In the Abdomen
- Gastric branches (rami gastrici)
  - posterior gastric plexus
  - anterior gastric plexus
- Celiac branches (rami cæliaci)
- Hepatic branches (rami hepatici)

[edit] The accessory nerve (Gray's s206)

[edit] Gray's page #913

accessory nerve (Nervus accessorius, Eleventh nerve; Spinal accessory nerve )
- Cranial Part (ramus internus; accessory portion)
- Spinal Part (ramus externus; spinal portion)

[edit] The hypoglossal nerve (Gray's s207)

[edit] Gray's page #914

Hypoglossal nerve (Nervus hypoglossus, Twelfth nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #916

Meningeal branches (dural branches)
Descending ramus (ramus descendens; descendens hypoglossi)
- ansa hypoglossi
Thyrohyoid branch (ramus thyreohyoideus)
Muscular branches

[edit] Gray's page #916

[edit] The spinal nerves (Gray's s208)

[edit] Gray's page #916

spinal nerves (Nervi spinales)
first cervical nerve (suboccipital nerve)
Nerve roots
Anterior root (radix anterior; ventral root)
Posterior root (radix posterior; dorsal root)

[edit] Gray's page #917

Spinal ganglia (ganglion spinale)

[edit] Gray's page #919

cauda equina

[edit] Gray's page #920

[edit] Gray's page #921

[edit] The posterior divisions (Gray's s209)

[edit] Gray's page #921

posterior divisions (Rami Posteriores)
Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)

[edit] Gray's page #923

Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
- posterior division of the second cervical nerve
  - medial branch (ramus medialis; internal branch)
    - greater occipital nerve (n. occipitalis major; great occipital nerve)
  - lateral branch (ramus lateralis; external branch)
- posterior division of the third cervical nerve
  - medial branch
    - third occipital nerve
  - lateral branch
- posterior cervical plexus
- posterior divisions of the lower five cervical nerves
  - medial branches
  - lateral branches
Thoracic nerves (Nn. Thoracales)
- medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch)
  - upper six thoracic nerves
  - lower six thoracic nerves
- lateral branches (ramus lateralis; external branch)

[edit] Gray's page #924

Lumbar nerves (Nn. Lumbales)
- medial branches
- lateral branches
Sacral nerves (Nn. Sacrales)
- upper three sacral nerves
  - medial branches
  - lateral branches
- lower two sacral nerves

[edit] Gray's page #925

Coccygeal nerve (N. Coccygeus)

[edit] The anterior divisions (Gray's s210)

[edit] Gray's page #925

anterior divisions (Rami Anteriores)
Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
anterior division of the first (suboccipital nerve)
upper four cervical nerves
cervical plexus (plexus cervicalis)

[edit] Superficial Branches of the Cervical plexus

[edit] Gray's page #926

Smaller occipital nerve (n. occipitalïs minor; small occipital nerve)
- auricular branch
Great auricular nerve (n. auricularis magnus)

[edit] Gray's page #927

Great auricular nerve
- anterior branch (ramus anterior; facial branch)
- posterior branch (ramus posterior; mastoid branch)
Cutaneous cervical (n. cutaneus colli; superficial or transverse cervical nerve)
- ascending branches (rami superiores)

[edit] Gray's page #928

Cutaneous cervical
- descending branches (rami inferiores)
Supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares; descending branches)
- anterior supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares anteriores; suprasternal nerves)
- middle supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares medii; supraclavicular nerves)
- posterior supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares posteriores; supra-acromial nerves)

[edit] Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. INTERNAL SERIES

[edit] Gray's page #928

Communicating branches
Muscular branches
Communicantes cervicales (communicantes hypoglossi)
descendens cervicalis
ansa hypoglossi
Phrenic nerve (n. phrenicus; internal respiratory nerve of Bell)

[edit] Gray's page #929

phrenic ganglion

[edit] Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. EXTERNAL SERIES

[edit] Gray's page #930

[edit] Brachial plexus

[edit] Gray's page #930

Branchial plexus (plexus brachialis)

[edit] Gray's page #931

[edit] Supraclavicular Branches

[edit] Gray's page #932

Dorsal scapular nerve (n. dorsalis scapulæ; nerve to the Rhomboidei; posterior scapular nerve)
Suprascapular nerve (n. suprascapularis)

[edit] Gray's page #933

Nerve to the subclavius (n. subclavius)
Long thoracic nerve (n. thoracalis longus; external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve)

[edit] Infraclavicular branches

[edit] Gray's page #933

Lateral cord: Musculocutaneous (5, 6, 7 C), Lateral anterior thoracic (5, 6, 7 C), Lateral head of median (6, 7 C)

Medial cord: Medial anterior thoracic (8 C, 1 T), Medial antibrachial cutaneous, Medial brachial cutaneous, Ulnar, Medial head of median, Upper subscapular (5, 6 C), Lower subscapular (5, 6 C.)

Posterior cord: Thoracodorsal (5, 6, 7 C.), Axillary (5, 6 C.), Radial (6, 7, 8 C, 1 T.)

Anterior thoracic nerves (nn. thoracales anteriores)
- lateral anterior thoracic (fasciculus lateralis)
- medial anterior thoracic (fasciculus medialis)
Subscapular nerves (nn. subscapulares)

[edit] Gray's page #934

Subscapular nerves
- upper subscapular (short subscapular)
- lower subscapular
Thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis; middle or long subscapular nerve)
Axillary nerve (n. axillaris; circumflex nerve)
- anterior branch of axillary nerve (upper branch)
- posterior branch of axillary nerve (lower branch)
  - lateral brachial cutaneous nerve

[edit] Gray's page #935

Musculocutaneous nerve (n. musculocutaneus)

[edit] Gray's page #936

lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii cutaneous lateralis; branch of musculocutaneous nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #937

Medial antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii medialis; internal cutaneous nerve)
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii medialis; lesser internal cutaneous nerve; nerve of Wrisberg)

[edit] Median nerve

[edit] Gray's page #938

Median nerve (n. medianus)
- In the forearm
  - muscular branches (rami musculares)
  - volar interosseous nerve (n. interosseus volaris; anterior interosseous nerve)
  - palmar branch (ramus cutaneus palmaris n. mediani)
- In the palm of the hand
  - proper volar digital nerves
  - common volar digital nerves

[edit] Ulnar nerve

[edit] Gray's page #939

Ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris)

[edit] Gray's page #942

articular branches to the elbow-joint
muscular branches of ulnar nerve (rami musculares)
palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve
dorsal branch of ulnar nerve (ramus dorsalis manus)
volar branch of ulnar nerve (ramus volaris manus)
superficial branch of ulnar nerve (ramus superficialis [n. ulnaris])

[edit] Gray's page #943

deep branch of ulnar nerve (ramus profundus)

[edit] Radial nerve

[edit] Gray's page #943

Radial nerve (n. radialis; musculospiral nerve)
- Muscular branches of the radial nerve (rami musculares)
  - ulnar collateral nerve
- Cutaneous branches of the radial nerve
  - posterior brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii posterior; internal cutaneous branch of musculospiral)

[edit] Gray's page #944

Radial nerve
- Cutaneous branches of the radial nerve
  - dorsal antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii dorsalis; external cutaneous branch of musculospiral)
- Superficial branch of the radial nerve (ramus superficialis radial nerve)
- Deep branch of the radial nerve (n. interosseus dorsalis; dorsal or posterior interosseous nerve)
  - dorsal interosseous nerve

[edit] The thoracic nerves (Gray's s211)

[edit] Gray's page #944

anterior divisions of the thoracic nerves (rami anteriores; ventral divisions)

[edit] Gray's page #945

First thoracic nerve
first intercostal nerve
Upper thoracic nerves (nn. intercostales)
thoracic intercostal nerves
Lateral cutaneous branches (rami cutanei laterales)

[edit] Gray's page #946

Intercostobrachial nerve

[edit] Gray's page #948

[edit] The lumbosacral plexus (Gray's s212)

[edit] Gray's page #948

lumbosacral plexus (Plexus Lumbosacralis)
Lumbar nerves (Nn. Lumbales)
anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves (rami anteriores)
lumbosacral trunk

[edit] Gray's page #949

Furcal nerve (Nervus furcalis)

[edit] Lumbar plexus

[edit] Gray's page #949

lumbar plexus

[edit] Gray's page #950

Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)

[edit] Gray's page #951

Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)
- lateral cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus lateralis; iliac branch)
- anterior cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus anterior; hypogastric branch)

[edit] Gray's page #952

Ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)

[edit] Gray's page #953

Genitofemoral nerve (n. genitofemoralis; genitocrural nerve)
- external spermatic nerve (n. spermaticus externus; genital branch of genitofemoral)
- lumboinguinal nerve (n. lumboinguinalis; femoral or crural branch of genitofemoral)
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis lateralis; external cutaneous nerve)
- patellar plexus
Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)

[edit] Gray's page #954

Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
- anterior branch (ramus anterior)
- posterior branch (ramus posterior)

[edit] Gray's page #955

Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
- articular branch for the knee-joint
Accessory obturator nerve (n. obturatorius accessorius)
Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
- intermediate cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; middle cutaneous nerve)
- medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #956

Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
- medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)
- subsartorial plexus
- Muscular branches (rami musculares)
  - nerve to the Pectineus
  - nerve to the Sartorius
- Saphenous nerve (n. saphenus; long or internal saphenous nerve)
- infrapatellar branch
- plexus patellæ
- articular branch to the hip-joint
- articular branches to the knee-joint

[edit] The sacral and coccygeal nerves (Gray's s213)

[edit] Gray's page #957

Sacral plexus (plexus sacralis)
Nerve to the Quadratus femoris and Gemellus inferior

[edit] Gray's page #958

Nerve to the Obturator internus and Gemellus superior

[edit] Gray's page #959

Nerve to the Piriformis
Superior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus superior)
Inferior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus inferior)
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis posterior; small sciatic nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #960

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis posterior; small sciatic nerve)
- gluteal branches (nn. clunium inferiores)
- perineal branches (rami perineales)
- inferior pudendal (long scrotal nerve)
- branches to the back of the thigh and leg
Sciatic nerve (n. ischiadicus; great sciatic nerve)

[edit] Tibial nerve

[edit] Gray's page #960

Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #962

Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)
- Articular branches (rami articulares)
- Muscular branches (rami musculares)
- medial sural cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus suræ medialis; n. communicans tibialis)

[edit] Gray's page #963

Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)
- sural nerve (n. suralis; short saphenous nerve)
  - lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
- medial calcaneal branches (rami calcanei mediales; internal calcaneal branches)
- medial plantar nerve (n. plantaris medialis; internal plantar nerve)
  - cutaneous branches
  - muscular branches
  - articular branches
  - proper digital nerve of the great toe (nn. digitales plantares proprii; plantar digital branches)
  - three common digital nerves (nn. digitales plantares communes)
- Lateral plantar nerve (n. plantaris lateralis; external plantar nerve)

[edit] Common peroneal nerve

[edit] Gray's page #964

Common peroneal nerve (n. peronæus communis; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve)
- lateral sural cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus suræ lateralis; lateral cutaneous branch)
- peroneal anastomotic (n. communicans fibularis)

[edit] Gray's page #965

Deep peroneal nerve (n. peronæus profundus; anterior tibial nerve)
- muscular branches
- articular branch
- lateral terminal branch (external or tarsal branch)
  - interosseous branches
- medial terminal branch (internal branch)
  - dorsal digital nerves (nn. digitales dorsales hallucis lateralis et digiti secundi medialis)
  - interosseous branch

[edit] Gray's page #966

Superficial peroneal nerve (n. peronæus superficialis; musculocutaneous nerve)
- medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus dorsalis medialis; internal dorsal cutaneous branch)
- intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus dorsalis intermedius; external dorsal cutaneous branch)
  - dorsal digital branches

[edit] Pudendal plexus

[edit] Gray's page #966

Pudendal plexus (plexus pudendus)

[edit] Gray's page #967

Perforating cutaneous nerve (n. clunium inferior medialis)
Pudendal nerve (n. pudendus; internal pudic nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #968

Alcock’s canal
dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris
inferior hemorrhoidal nerve (n. hæmorrhoidalis inferior)
perineal nerve (n. perinei)
- posterior scrotal branches (or labial) (nn. scrotales (or labiales) posteriores
- muscular branches
  - nerve to the bulb
dorsal nerve of the penis (n. dorsalis penis)
Anococcygeal nerves (nn. anococcygei)

[edit] The sympathetic nerves (Gray's s214)

[edit] Gray's page #968

sympathetic nervous system

[edit] Gray's page #969

preganglionic fibers

[edit] Gray's page #970

cranial sympathetics
- Sympathetic efferent fibers of the Oculomotor nerve
- Sympathetic efferent fibers of the Facial nerve

[edit] Gray's page #972

cranial sympathetics
- Sympathetic afferent fibers of the Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Sympathetic efferent fibers of the Vagus nerve

[edit] Gray's page #973

[edit] Gray's page #974

[edit] Gray's page #976

Thoracolumbar sympathetics
- central ganglia
  - prevertebral plexuses
  - sympathetic trunks (truncus sympathicus; gangliated cord)
  - ganglion impar
- Connections with the Spinal nerves
  - gray and white rami communicantes

[edit] Gray's page #977

Thoracolumbar sympathetics
- three great gangliated plexuses (collateral ganglia)

[edit] The cephalic portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s215)

[edit] Gray's page #977

internal carotid nerve
internal carotid plexus (plexus caroticus internus; carotid plexus)
carotid ganglion
deep petrosal

[edit] Gray's page #978

[edit] The cervical portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s216)

[edit] Gray's page #978

superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale superius)
- Inferior branch
- Lateral branches (external branches)
- Medial branches (internal branches)
- laryngopharyngeal branches (rami laryngopharyngei)

[edit] Gray's page #979

superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale superius)
- pharyngeal plexus
- superior cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus superior)
- Anterior branches (nn. carotici externi)
- external petrosal nerve
middle cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale medium)
- Middle cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus medius; great cardiac nerve)

[edit] Gray's page #980

inferior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale inferius)

[edit] Gray's page #981

inferior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale inferius)
- ansa subclavia (Vieussenii)
- inferior cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus inferior)
- offsets to bloodvessels

[edit] The thoracic portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s217)

[edit] Gray's page #981

branches from the upper five ganglia
branches from the lower seven ganglia
greater splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus major; great splanchnic nerve)
ganglion splanchnicum
lesser splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus minor)
lowest splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus imus; least splanchnic nerve)

[edit] The abdominal portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s218)

[edit] Gray's page #982

Pars Abdominalis S. Sympathici; Lumbar portion of Gangliated cord

[edit] The pelvic portion of the sympathetic system (Gray's s219)

[edit] Gray's page #984

[edit] The great plexuses of the sympathetic system (Gray's s220)

[edit] Gray's page #984

Cardiac plexus (Plexus Cardiacus)

[edit] Gray's page #985

Cardiac plexus (Plexus Cardiacus)
- Posterior coronary plexus (plexus coronarius posterior; left coronary plexus)
- Anterior coronary plexus (plexus coronarius anterior; right coronary plexus)
Celiac plexus (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus)
- Celiac ganglia (ganglia cæliaca; semilunar ganglia)
- aorticorenal ganglion
- phrenic plexus (plexus phrenicus)

[edit] Gray's page #986

Celiac plexus (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus)
- ganglion phrenicum
- hepatic plexus (plexus hepaticus)
- inferior gastric plexus
- lienal plexus (plexus lienalis; splenic plexus)

[edit] Gray's page #987

Celiac plexus (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus)
- superior gastric plexus (plexus gastricus superior; gastric plexus or coronary plexus)
- suprarenal plexus (plexus suprarenalis)
- renal plexus (plexus renalis)
- spermatic plexus (plexus spermaticus) / ovarian plexus (plexus arteriæ ovaricæ)
- superior mesenteric plexus (plexus mesentericus superior)
  - ganglion mesentericum superius
- abdominal aortic plexus (plexus aorticus abdominalis; aortic plexus)
- inferior mesenteric plexus (plexus mesentericus inferior)
Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
- Pelvic plexuses

[edit] Gray's page #988

Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
- Middle hemorrhoidal plexus (plexus hæmorrhoidalis medius)
- Vesical plexus (plexus vesicalis)
- Prostatic plexus (plexus prostaticus)

[edit] Gray's page #989

Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
- lesser cavernous nerves (nn. cavernosi penis minores; small cavernous nerves)
- greater cavernous nerve (n. cavernosus penis major; large cavernous plexus)
- Vaginal plexus
- Uterine plexus

[edit] See also

Nervous system (TA A14, GA 9)

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Somatic	Sensory nerve Motor nerve Cranial nerve Spinal nerve

Autonomic	Sympathetic Parasympathetic Enteric nervous system

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Prenatal development/Mammalian development of nervous system (GA 9.733 and GA 10.1002, TE E5.13-16)

General neural development/ neurulation/neurula	Notochord · Neuroectoderm · Neural plate (Neural fold, Neural groove)

Neural crest	Cranial neural crest (Cardiac neural crest complex) · Truncal neural crest

Neural tube	Rostral neuropore Neuromere/Rhombomere Cephalic flexure · Pontine flexure Alar plate (sensory) · Basal plate (motor) Glioblast · Neuroblast Germinal matrix

Eye development

Neural tube: Optic vesicle · Optic stalk · Optic cup

Surface ectoderm: Lens placode

Auditory development

Otic placode (Otic pit, Otic vesicle)

note: NS is mostly ectoderm, but mesoderm is precursor for epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L)

anat(e/p)/phys/devp

noco/cong, epon

proc, drug(S2)

Anatomy: meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis (TA A14.1.01, GA 9.749/9.872)

Layers

Dura mater	Falx cerebri · Tentorium cerebelli · Falx cerebelli · Diaphragma sellae · Trigeminal cave

Arachnoid mater	Arachnoid granulation · Arachnoid trabeculae Subarachnoid cisterns: Cisterna magna · Pontine cistern · Interpeduncular cistern · Chiasmatic · Lateral cerebral fossa · Of great cerebral vein · Of lamina terminalis

Pia mater	Denticulate ligaments Tela chorioidea (Tela chorioidea of third ventricle, Tela chorioidea of fourth ventricle) · Choroid plexus

Combined	Filum terminale · Leptomeninges

Spaces

Epidural space · Subdural space · Subarachnoid space (Cerebrospinal fluid)

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Anatomy of torso (primarily): the spinal cord (TA 14.1.02, GA 9.749)

External, dorsal

Posterior median sulcus · Posterolateral sulcus

Grey matter/
Rexed laminae

I–VI: Posterior horn	I: Marginal nucleus · II: Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando · III+IV: Nucleus proprius · Spinal lamina V · Spinal lamina VI

VII: Lateral horn	Intermediolateral nucleus · Posterior thoracic nucleus

VIII–IX: Anterior horn	Interneuron · Alpha motor neuron (Onuf's nucleus)

X: Other	Central gelatinous substance · Gray commissure Central canal · Terminal ventricle

somatic/ ascending (blue)	Posterior/PCML: touch: Gracile · Cuneate Lateral: proprioception: Spinocerebellar (Dorsal, Ventral) · pain/temp: Spinothalamic (Lateral, Anterior) · Posterolateral (Lissauer) · Spinotectal Spinoreticular tract · Spino-olivary tract

motor/ descending (red)	Lateral: Corticospinal (Lateral) · Ep (Rubrospinal, Olivospinal) Anterior: Corticospinal (Anterior) · Ep (Vestibulospinal, Reticulospinal, Tectospinal)

both	Anterior white commissure

External, ventral

Anterior median fissure · Anterolateral sulcus

External, general

Cervical enlargement · Lumbar enlargement · Conus medullaris · Filum terminale · Cauda equina

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Human brain: rhombencephalon, myelencephalon: medulla (TA A14.1.04, GA 9.767)

Dorsal

Surface	Posterior median sulcus · Posterolateral sulcus · Area postrema · Vagal trigone · Hypoglossal trigone · Medial eminence

Grey: Cranial nuclei	afferent: GVA: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract/Dorsal respiratory group · SVA: Gustatory nucleus · GSA: VIII-v (Lateral, Medial, Inferior) efferent: GSE: XII · GVE: IX,X,XI: Ambiguus · SVE: X: Dorsal · IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus

Grey: other	Gracile nucleus · Cuneate nucleus · Accessory cuneate nucleus

White: Sensory/ascending	Sensory decussation · Medial lemniscus · Inferior cerebellar peduncle (Juxtarestiform body) · Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus · MLF, III, IV and VI

White: Motor/descending	Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus · MLF, III, IV and VI

Ventral

White: Motor/descending	Motor decussation · Olivocerebellar tract · Rubro-olivary tract

Grey matter	Ventral respiratory group · Arcuate nucleus of medulla · Inferior olivary nucleus · Rostral ventromedial medulla

Surface	Anterior median fissure · Anterolateral sulcus · Olive · Pyramid

Grey: Raphe/
reticular

Reticular formation (Gigantocellular, Parvocellular, Ventral, Lateral, Paramedian) · Raphe nuclei (Obscurus, Magnus, Pallidus)

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: pons (TA A14.1.05.101–604, GA 9.785)

Dorsal/
(tegmentum)

Surface	Cerebellopontine angle · Superior medullary velum · Sulcus limitans · Medial eminence · Facial colliculus

White: Sensory/ascending	Trapezoid body/VIII · Trigeminal lemniscus (Dorsal trigeminal tract, Ventral trigeminal tract) · Medial lemniscus · Lateral lemniscus MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers Anterior trigeminothalamic tract · Central tegmental tract

White: Motor/descending	ICP (Vestibulocerebellar tract) MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)

Grey: Cranial nuclei	afferent: GSA: Principal V/Spinal V · VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Superior) efferent: SVE: Motor V · VII · GSE: VI · GVE: VII: Superior salivary nucleus

Other grey	Apneustic center · Pneumotaxic center (Medial parabrachial nucleus) · Lateral parabrachial nucleus · Superior olivary nucleus · Caerulean nucleus

Ventral/
(base)

Grey	Pontine nuclei

White: Motor/descending	Corticospinal tract · Corticobulbar tract · Corticopontine fibers MCP (Pontocerebellar fibers)

Surface	Basilar sulcus

Other grey: Raphe/
reticular

Reticular formation (Caudal, Oral, Tegmental, Paramedian) · Raphe nuclei (Median)

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Ventricular system, rhombencephalon, met- and myel-: fourth ventricle (TA A14.1.05.701–726, GA 9.797)

Roof (dorsal)

rostral: Superior medullary velum (Frenulum)

caudal: Inferior medullary velum · Taenia of fourth ventricle

Floor/rhomboid fossa (ventral)

rostral (pons): Facial colliculus · Locus coeruleus

caudal (medulla}: Vagal trigone · Hypoglossal trigone · Area postrema · Obex

Medial eminence · Sulcus limitans

Apertures

Median/Magendie · Lateral recess to Lateral/Luschka

Other

Tela chorioidea of fourth ventricle · Fastigium

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Human brain: mesencephalon (midbrain) (TA A14.1.06, GA 9.800)

Tectum
(Dorsal)

Surface	Corpora quadrigemina: Inferior colliculi (Brachium of inferior colliculus), Superior colliculi (Brachium of superior colliculus)

Grey matter	Pretectal area

White: Sensory/ascending	Spinotectal tract · Central tegmental tract

White: Motor/descending	Tectospinal tract

Peduncle
(Ventral)

White: Sensory/ascending	lemnisci (Medial, Lateral) · Ascending MLF (Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers) · Spinothalamic tract · Anterior trigeminothalamic tract · Dentatothalamic tract

White: Motor/descending	Rubrospinal tract · Rubro-olivary tract · Descending MLF

Grey: cranial nuclei	GSA (V: Mesencephalic) - GSE (III: Oculomotor, IV: Trochlear) - GVE (III: Edinger-Westphal)

Grey: other	Periaqueductal gray/Raphe nuclei (Dorsal raphe nucleus) Ventral tegmental area • Pedunculopontine nucleus • Red nucleus riMLF

Ventricular system	Cerebral aqueduct

Base

White: Motor/descending	Cerebral crus: Corticospinal tract · Corticobulbar tract · Corticopontine tract/Frontopontine fibers/Temporopontine fibers

Grey: Substantia nigra	Pars compacta · Pars reticulata

Surface	Superior cerebellar peduncle (Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles) · Interpeduncular fossa

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: cerebellum (TA 14.1.07, GA 9.788)

Surface anatomy

Lobes	Anterior lobe · Posterior lobe (Horizontal fissure) · Flocculonodular lobe (Flocculus, Nodule) Primary fissure

Medial/lateral	Vermis: anterior (Central lobule, Culmen, Lingula) · posterior (Folium, Tuber, Uvula) · Vallecula of cerebellum Hemisphere: anterior (Alar central lobule) · posterior (Biventer lobule, Cerebellar tonsil)

Deep cerebellar nuclei	Dentate · interposed (Emboliform, Globose) · Fastigial

Cerebellar cortex	Molecular layer (Stellate cell, Basket cell) Purkinje cell layer (Purkinje cell, Bergmann glia cell = Golgi epithelial cell) Granule cell layer (Golgi cell, Granule cell, Unipolar brush cell) Fibers: Mossy fibers · Climbing fiber · Parallel fiber

Internal	Arbor vitae

Peduncles	Inferior (medulla): Dorsal spinocerebellar tract · Olivocerebellar tract · Cuneocerebellar tract · Juxtarestiform body (Vestibulocerebellar tract) Middle (pons): Pontocerebellar fibers Superior (midbrain): Ventral spinocerebellar tract · Dentatothalamic tract · Trigeminocerebellar fibers

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Human brain: diencephalon (TA A14.1.08, GA 9.807)

Surface	Pineal body · Habenula · Habenular trigone · Habenular commissure

Grey matter	Pretectal area · Habenular nuclei · Subcommissural organ

Surface	Stria medullaris of thalamus · Thalamic reticular nucleus · Taenia thalami

Grey matter/ nuclei	paired: AN · Ventral (VA/VL, VP/VPM/VPL) · Lateral (LD, LP, Pulvinar nuclei) · Metathalamus (MG, LG) midline: MD · Intralaminar (Centromedian) · Midline nuclear group · Interthalamic adhesion

White matter	Mammillothalamic fasciculus · Pallidothalamic tracts (Ansa lenticularis, Lenticular fasciculus, Thalamic fasciculus) · PCML (Medial lemniscus, Trigeminal lemniscus) · Spinothalamic tract · Lateral lemniscus · Dentatothalamic tract · Acoustic radiation · Optic radiation · Subthalamic fasciculus · Anterior trigeminothalamic tract Medullary laminae

Surface

Median eminence/Tuber cinereum · Mammillary body · Infundibulum

Autonomic zones	Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss) · Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)

Endocrine	posterior pituitary: Paraventricular (magnocellular, parvocellular)/Supraoptic (oxytocin/vasopressin) other: Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH) · Preoptic (GnRH) · Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)

Emotion	Lateral · Ventromedial · Dorsomedial

afferent (SN → Medial forebrain bundle) · efferent (Mammillothalamic fasciculus → AN, Stria terminalis → Amygdala, Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus → SC)

Posterior is diencephalon, but anterior is glandular

Subthalamic nucleus · Zona incerta

Ventricular system:
Third ventricle

recesses: (Optic recess, Infundibular recess, Suprapineal recess, Pineal recess)

Hypothalamic sulcus · Tela chorioidea of third ventricle

Subfornical organ

Apertures: Interventricular/Monro

Posterior commissure

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Human brain: forebrain (cerebrum · cerebral cortex · cerebral hemispheres, grey matter) (TA A14.1.09.002–240, 301–320, GA 9.818–826)

Superolateral

Prefrontal	Superior frontal gyrus (4l, 6l, 8l) · Middle frontal gyrus (9l, 10l, 46) Inferior frontal gyrus: 11l · 47-Pars orbitalis · Broca's area (44-Pars opercularis, 45-Pars triangularis) Superior frontal sulcus · Inferior frontal sulcus

Precentral	Precentral gyrus · Precentral sulcus

Medial/inferior

Prefrontal	Superior frontal gyrus (4m, 6m) · Medial frontal gyrus (8m, 9m) Paraterminal gyrus/Paraolfactory area (12) · Straight gyrus (11m) · Orbital gyri/Orbitofrontal cortex (10m, 11m, 12) · Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (10m) · Subcallosal area (25) Olfactory sulcus · Orbital sulci

Precentral	Paracentral lobule (4) · Paracentral sulcus

Both

Primary motor cortex (4) · Premotor cortex (6) · Supplementary motor area (6) · Frontal eye fields (8)

Superolateral	Superior parietal lobule (5l, 7l) · Inferior parietal lobule (40-Supramarginal gyrus, 39-Angular gyrus) · Parietal operculum (43) Intraparietal sulcus

Medial/inferior	Paracentral lobule (1m, 2m, 3m, 5m) · Precuneus (7m) Marginal sulcus

Both	Postcentral gyrus/primary somatosensory cortex (1 · 2 · 3) · Secondary somatosensory cortex (5) · Posterior parietal cortex (7)

Superolateral	Occipital pole of cerebrum · Lateral occipital gyrus (18, 19) · Lunate sulcus · Transverse occipital sulcus

Medial/inferior	Primary visual cortex (17) · Cuneus · Lingual gyrus Calcarine fissure

Superolateral	Transverse temporal gyrus/Primary auditory cortex (41, 42) · Superior temporal gyrus (38, 22/Wernicke's area) · Middle temporal gyrus (21) · Inferior temporal gyrus (20) Superior temporal sulcus · Inferior temporal sulcus

Medial/inferior	Fusiform gyrus (37) Medial temporal lobe (27 · 28 · 34 · 35 · 36) Inferior temporal sulcus

Interlobar
sulci/fissures

Superolateral	Central (frontal+parietal) · Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal) · Parieto-occipital · Preoccipital notch

Medial/inferior	Medial longitudinal · Cingulate (frontal+cingulate) · Collateral (temporal+occipital) · Callosal sulcus

Parahippocampal gyrus	anterior (Entorhinal cortex, Perirhinal cortex) · Posterior parahippocampal gyrus · Prepyriform area

Cingulate cortex/gyrus	Subgenual area (25) · Anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33) · Posterior cingulate (23, 31) Isthmus of cingulate gyrus: Retrosplenial cortex (26, 29, 30)

Hippocampal formation	Hippocampal sulcus · Fimbria of hippocampus · Dentate gyrus · Rhinal sulcus

Other	Supracallosal gyrus · Uncus

Long gyrus of insula · Short gyri of insula · Circular sulcus of insula

General

Operculum · Poles of cerebral hemispheres

Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Histology: nervous tissue (TA A14, GA 9.849, TH H2.00.06, H3.11)

General	Grey matter · White matter (Projection fibers · Association fiber · Commissural fiber · Lemniscus · Funiculus · Fasciculus · Decussation · Commissure) · meninges

Neuroglia	Myelination: Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte (Radial glial cell) · Ependymal cells (Tanycyte) · Microglia

Other	Pyramidal · Purkinje · Granule Neuropil

General	Posterior (Root, Ganglion, Ramus) · Anterior (Root, Ramus) · rami communicantes (Gray, White) · Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers · Postganglionic nerve fibers)

Connective tissues	epineurium · perineurium · endoneurium · nerve fascicle

Neuroglia	Myelination: Schwann cell (Neurolemma, Myelin incisure, Myelin sheath gap, Internodal segment) Satellite glial cell

Neurons/
nerve fibers

Parts	Perikaryon (Axon hillock) Axon (Axon terminals, Axoplasm, Axolemma, Neurofibril/neurofilament) Dendrite (Nissl body, Dendritic spine, Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite)

Types	Bipolar · Unipolar · Pseudounipolar · Multipolar · Interneuron (Renshaw)

Afferent nerve fiber/ Sensory nerve	GSA · GVA · SSA · SVA fibers (Ia, Ib or Golgi, II or Aβ, III or Aδ or fast pain, IV or C or slow pain)

Efferent nerve fiber/ Motor nerve	GSE · GVE · SVE Upper motor neuron · Lower motor neuron (α motorneuron, γ motorneuron, β motorneuron)

Termination

Synapse	Electrical synapse/Gap junction · Chemical synapse (Synaptic vesicle, Active zone, Postsynaptic density) · Ribbon synapse · Neuromuscular junction

Sensory receptors	Meissner's corpuscle · Merkel nerve ending · Pacinian corpuscle · Ruffini ending · Muscle spindle · Free nerve ending · Olfactory receptor neuron · Photoreceptor cell · Hair cell · Taste bud

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves and nuclei (TA A14.2.01, GA 9.855)

olfactory (AON->I)

olfactory bulb · olfactory tract

optic (LGN->II)

optic chiasm · optic tract

oculomotor
(ON, EWN->III)

superior branch (parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion) · inferior branch

trochlear (TN->IV)

no significant branches

trigeminal
(PSN, TSN, MN, TMN->V)

trigeminal ganglion · ophthalmic · maxillary · mandibular

abducens (AN->VI)

no significant branches

facial (FMN, SN, SSN->VII)

near origin	nervus intermedius · geniculate

inside facial canal	greater petrosal (pterygopalatine ganglion) · nerve to the stapedius · chorda tympani (lingual nerve, submandibular ganglion)

at stylomastoid foramen	posterior auricular · suprahyoid (digastric, stylohyoid) · parotid plexus (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical)

vestibulocochlear
(VN, CN->VIII)

cochlear (striae medullares, lateral lemniscus) · vestibular (Scarpa's ganglion)

glossopharyngeal
(NA, ISN, SN->IX)

before jugular fossa	ganglia (superior, inferior)

after jugular fossa	tympanic (tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal, otic ganglion) · stylopharyngeal branch · pharyngeal branches · tonsillar branches · lingual branches · carotid sinus

vagus
(NA, DNVN, SN->X)

before jugular fossa	ganglia (superior, inferior)

after jugular fossa	meningeal branch · auricular branch

neck	pharyngeal branch (pharyngeal plexus) · superior laryngeal (external, internal) · recurrent laryngeal (inferior) · superior cervical cardiac

thorax	inferior cardiac · pulmonary · vagal trunks (anterior, posterior)

abdomen	celiac · renal · hepatic · anterior gastric · posterior gastric

accessory (NA, SAN->XI)

cranial · spinal

hypoglossal (HN->XII)

lingual branches

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Nerves: spinal nerves (TA A14.2, GA 9.916)

C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8

anterior (Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus) – posterior (Posterior branches of cervical nerves, Suboccipital – C1, Greater occipital – C2, Third occipital – C3)

T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12

anterior (Intercostal, Intercostobrachial – T2, Thoraco-abdominal nerves – T7–T11, Subcostal – T12) – posterior (Posterior branches of thoracic nerves)

L1, L2, L3, L4, L5

anterior (Lumbar plexus, Lumbosacral trunk) · posterior (Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves, Superior cluneal L1–L3)

S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

anterior (Sacral plexus) · posterior (Posterior branches of sacral nerves, Medial cluneal nerves)

anterior (Coccygeal plexus) · posterior (Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve)

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Nerves of head and neck: the cervical plexus (C1–C4) (TA A14.2.02, GA 9.926)

superficial

C2: Lesser occipital,
C2–C3:Greater auricular · Transverse cervical
C3–C4: Supraclavicular

deep

C1–C3: Ansa cervicalis (superior root, inferior root)
C3–C5: Phrenic

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Nerves of upper limbs (primarily): the brachial plexus (C5–T1) (TA A14.2.03, GA 9.930)

Supraclavicular

root (dorsal scapular, long thoracic) · upper trunk (suprascapular, to the subclavius)

Infraclavicular

lateral cord	lateral pectoral musculocutaneous (lateral cutaneous of forearm) median/lateral root: anterior interosseous · palmar · recurrent · common palmar digital (proper palmar digital)

medial cord	medial pectoral cutaneous: medial cutaneous of forearm · medial cutaneous of arm ulnar: muscular · palmar · dorsal (dorsal digital nerves) · superficial (common palmar digital, proper palmar digital) · deep median/medial root: see above

posterior cord	subscapular (upper, lower) · thoracodorsal axillary (superior lateral cutaneous of arm) radial: muscular · cutaneous (posterior of arm, inferior lateral of arm, posterior of forearm) · superficial (dorsal digital nerves) · deep (posterior interosseous)

Other

cutaneous innervation of the upper limbs

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Nerves of lower limbs and lower torso: the lumbosacral plexus (L1–Co) (TA A14.2.05–07, GA 9.948)

lumbar
plexus
(L1–L4)

iliohypogastric	lateral cutaneous branch · anterior cutaneous branch

ilioinguinal	anterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀

genitofemoral	femoral branch/lumboinguinal · genital branch

lateral cutaneous of thigh	patellar

obturator	anterior (cutaneous) · posterior · accessory

femoral	anterior cutaneous branches · saphenous (infrapatellar, medial crural cutaneous)

sacral
plexus
(L4–S4)

common fibular	lateral sural cutaneous (sural communicating branch) · deep fibular (lateral terminal branch, medial terminal branch, dorsal digital) · superficial fibular (medial dorsal cutaneous, intermediate dorsal cutaneous, dorsal digital)

tibial	medial sural cutaneous · medial calcaneal · medial plantar (common plantar digital nerves, proper plantar digital) · lateral plantar (deep branch, superficial branch, common plantar digital, proper plantar digital)

sural	lateral dorsal cutaneous · lateral calcaneal

other

muscular: superior gluteal/inferior gluteal · lateral rotator group (to quadratus femoris, to obturator internus, to the piriformis)
cutaneous: posterior cutaneous of thigh (inferior cluneal, perineal branches) · perforating cutaneous

coccygeal
plexus
(S4–Co)

pudendal: inferior anal · perineal (deep, posterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀) · dorsal of the penis ♂/clitoris ♀
anococcygeal

cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Nerves – autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nervous system/ganglion/trunks and parasympathetic nervous system/ganglion) (TA A14.3, GA 9.968)

Sympathetic	Ciliary ganglion: roots (Sensory, Sympathetic) · Short ciliary

Parasympathetic	Ciliary ganglion: roots (Sensory, Parasympathetic) · Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion: deep petrosal · nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution: greater palatine (inferior posterior nasal branches) · lesser palatine · nasopalatine (medial superior posterior nasal branches) · pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia (Superior, Middle, Inferior) · Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus · Internal carotid

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus · Esophageal plexus · Pulmonary plexus · Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary · thoracic cardiac nerves: Superior · Middle · Inferior

Abdomen/
Lumbar

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia prevertebral ganglia: Celiac ganglia (Aorticorenal) · Superior mesenteric ganglion · Inferior mesenteric ganglion prevertebral plexus: Celiac plexus · (Hepatic, Splenic, Pancreatic) · aorticorenal (Abdominal aortic plexus, Renal/Suprarenal) · Superior mesenteric (Gastric) · Inferior mesenteric (Spermatic, Ovarian) · Superior hypogastric (hypogastric nerve, Superior rectal) · Inferior hypogastric (Vesical, Prostatic/Cavernous nerves of penis, Uterovaginal, Middle rectal) splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves

Enteric	Meissner's plexus · Auerbach's plexus

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia · Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves: Sacral splanchnic nerves

Parasympathetic	splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

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