List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: X. The Organs of the senses and the Common integument

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Contents

1 The peripheral organs of the special senses
2 The common integument (Gray's s234)
3 See also

[edit] The peripheral organs of the special senses

[edit] The organs of taste (Gray's s222)

[edit] Gray's page #991

peripheral gustatory or taste organs
- gustatory calyculi (taste-buds)
Structure of taste bud

[edit] Gray's page #992

Structure of taste bud
- gustatory hair
Nerves of Taste
- chorda tympani
- glossopharyngeal nerve

[edit] The organ of smell (Gray's s223)

[edit] Gray's page #992

Organon Olfactorius; The Nose
External nose (Nasus Externus; Outer nose)
- apex
- base
- nares
- columna
- vibrissae
- dorsum nasi
- bridge
- ala nasi
Structure

[edit] Gray's page #993

Structure
- sphenoidal process
- septum mobile nasi
- lateral cartilage (cartilago nasi lateralis; upper lateral cartilage)
- greater alar cartilage (cartilago alaris major; lower lateral cartilage)
- medial wall (crus mediale)
- septum mobile nasi
- lateral wall (crus laterale)
- lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages)

[edit] Gray's page #994

Nasal cavity (Cavum Nasi; Nasal fossa)
Lateral wall

[edit] Gray's page #995

[edit] Gray's page #996

Medial wall
Mucous membrane (membrana mucosa nasi)

[edit] Gray's page #997

[edit] Gray's page #998

Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
- Frontal sinuses (sinus frontales)
- Ethmoidal air cells (cellulæ ethmoidales)
- Sphenoidal sinuses (sinus sphenoidales)

[edit] Gray's page #999

Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
- Maxillary sinus (sinus maxillaris; antrum of Highmore)

[edit] The organ of sight (Gray's s224)

[edit] Gray's page #1000

bulb of the eye (bulbus oculi; eyeball), or organ of sight
fascia bulbi

[edit] Gray's page #1001

[edit] Development of eye

optic vesicles

[edit] Gray's page #1002

[edit] Gray's page #1003

[edit] Gray's page #1005

[edit] The tunics of the eye (Gray's s225)

[edit] Fibrous tunic (tunica fibrosa oculi)

[edit] Gray's page #1005

Sclera

[edit] Gray's page #1006

[edit] Gray's page #1007

Cornea
- sulcus circularis corneae
- iridial angle or filtration angle
- scleral spur
- Structure of cornea
  - corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer)
  - substantia propria

[edit] Gray's page #1008

Cornea
- Structure of cornea
  - corneal spaces
  - corneal corpuscle
  - anterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica anterior; anterior limiting layer; Bowman’s membrane)
  - posterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica posterior; membrane of Descemet; membrane of Demours)

[edit] Gray's page #1009

Cornea
- Structure of cornea
  - spaces of the angle of the iris (spaces of Fontana)
  - pectinate ligament of the iris
  - endothelium of the anterior chamber (endothelium cameræ anterioris; posterior layer; corneal endothelium)

[edit] Vascular tunic (tunica vasculosa oculi)

[edit] Gray's page #1009

Choroid (chorioidea)

[edit] Gray's page #1010

Choroid (chorioidea)
- lamina suprachorioidea
- choroid proper
  - outer layer (lamina vasculosa)
    - venae vorticosae
  - inner layer (lamina choriocapillaris)
    - stratum intermedium
- Tapetum
Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
- orbiculus ciliaris
- ciliary processes (processus ciliares)

[edit] Gray's page #1011

Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
- ciliary processes (processus ciliares)
  - pars ciliaris retinae
- Ciliaris muscle (m. ciliaris; Bowman's muscle)
  - meridional fibers and circular fibers

[edit] Gray's page #1012

Iris

[edit] Gray's page #1013

Iris

[edit] Gray's page #1014

Iris
- membrana pupillaris

[edit] Retina (tunica interna)

[edit] Gray's page #1014

ora serrata

[edit] Gray's page #1015

pars ciliaris retinae and pars iridica retinae
rhodopsin or visual purple
macula lutea
fovea centralis
optic disk
colliculus nervi optici
blind spot
Structure of retina
- pigmented layer
Retina proper
- stratum opticum or layer of nerve fibers

[edit] Gray's page #1016

Retina proper

[edit] Gray's page #1017

[edit] Gray's page #1018

Macula lutea and Fovea centralis

[edit] The refracting media (Gray's s226)

[edit] Gray's page #1018

Aqueous humor (humor aqueus)
Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)

[edit] Gray's page #1019

Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
- spatia zonularis (canal of Petit)
Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
- capsule of the lens (capsula lentis)
- lens
- lens, poles of:

[edit] Gray's page #1020

Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
- radii lentis

[edit] The accessory organs of the eye (Gray's s227)

[edit] Gray's page #1021

Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
- Levator palpebræ superioris

[edit] Gray's page #1022

Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
- Recti
- annulus tendineus communis
  - ligament of Zinn or tendon of Zinn
  - superior tendon of Lockwood
- Obliquus oculi superior (superior oblique)

[edit] Gray's page #1023

Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
- Obliquus oculi inferior (inferior oblique)

[edit] Gray's page #1024

Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
- Orbitalis muscle
Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
- periscleral lymph space
- medial check ligament and lateral check ligament

[edit] Gray's page #1025

Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
- suspensory ligament of the eye
Orbital fascia
Eyebrows (supercilia)
Eyelids (palpebræ)
- palpebral fissure (rima palpebrarum)
- palpebral commissures or canthi
  - lateral palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum lateralis; external canthus)
  - medial palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum medialis; internal canthus)
- lacus lacrimalis
- lacrimal papilla
- punctum lacrimale
eyelashes (cilia)
- ciliary glands
Structure of the Eyelids
integument
subcutaneous areolar tissue
palpebral fibers of the Orbicularis oculi
tarsi (tarsal plates)
- superior tarsus (tarsus superior; superior tarsal plate)
- inferior tarsus (tarsus inferior; inferior tarsal plate)

[edit] Gray's page #1026

orbital septum (septum orbitale; palpebral ligament)
Tarsal glands (glandulæ tarsales [Meibomi]; Meibomian glands)
conjunctiva

[edit] Gray's page #1027

conjunctiva
- Palpebral portion (tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum)
- Bulbar portion (tunica conjunctiva bulbi)

[edit] Gray's page #1028

trachoma glands
caruncula lacrimalis
- lacus lacrimalis
- plica semilunaris
Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
- Lacrimal gland (glandula lacrimalis)
  - superior lacrimal gland
  - inferior lacrimal gland
- Lacrimal ducts (ductus lacrimalis; lacrimal canals)
- Lacrimal sac (saccus lacrimalis)

[edit] Gray's page #1029

Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
- Nasolacrimal duct (ductus nasolacrimalis; nasal duct)
  - plica lacrimalis (Hasneri)

[edit] The organ of hearing (Gray's s228)

[edit] Gray's page #1029

[edit] Gray's page #1030

auditory vesicle

[edit] Gray's page #1032

Labyrinth: development of:

[edit] Gray's page #1033

[edit] The external ear (Gray's s229)

[edit] Gray's page #1033

[edit] Gray's page #1034

auricula (pinna)
Structure of auricula
- cartilage of the auricula (cartilago auriculæ; cartilage of the pinna)

[edit] Gray's page #1035

Structure of auricula
- ligaments of the auricula (ligamenti auricularia; ligaments of the pinna)
- Extrinsic muscles of external ear
  - Auricularis anterior (Attrahens aurem)
  - Auricularis superior (Attolens aurem)
  - Auricularis posterior (Retrahens aurem)
- Intrinsic muscles of external ear

[edit] Gray's page #1036

External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)
- isthmus
- cartilaginous portion (meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus)
- osseous portion (meatus acusticus externus osseus)

[edit] Gray's page #1037

External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)

[edit] The middle ear or tympanic cavity (Gray's s230)

[edit] Gray's page #1037

middle ear

[edit] Gray's page #1038

tympanic cavity proper
epitympanic recess
Tegmental wall or Roof (paries tegmentalis)
- tegmen tympani
Jugular wall or Floor (paries jugularis)
- fundus tympani
Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
- notch of Rivinus
- iter chordae posterius (apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae)
- petrotympanic fissure (fissura petrotympanica; Glaserian fissure)

[edit] Gray's page #1039

Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
- iter chordae anterius (canal of Huguier)
Tympanic membrane (membrana tympani)
Structure
- cutaneous stratum
- fibrous stratum

[edit] Gray's page #1040

Labyrinthic or Medial wall (paries labyrinthica; inner wall)
- fenestra vestibuli (fenestra ovalis)
- fenestra cochleæ (fenestra rotunda)
- secondary tympanic membrane

[edit] Gray's page #1042

Labyrinthic or Medial wall (paries labyrinthica; inner wall)
- promontory (promontorium)
- prominence of the facial canal (prominentia canalis facialis; prominence of aqueduct of Fallopius)
mastoid or posterior wall (paries mastoidea)
- entrance to the antrum
- tympanic or mastoid antrum
- mastoid air cells
- pyramidal eminence (eminentia pyramidalis; pyramid)
- fossa incudis
Carotid or Anterior wall (paries carotica)
- septum canalis musculotubarii
- semicanal for the Tensor tympani (semicanalis m. tensoris tympani)
- septum canalis musculotubarii (processus cochleariformis)
auditory tube (tuba auditiva; Eustachian tube)

[edit] Gray's page #1043

auditory tube (tuba auditiva; Eustachian tube)
- osseous portion (pars osseo tubae auditivae)
- cartilaginous portion (pars cartilaginea tubae auditivae)
  - torus tubarius
  - tube tonsil

[edit] The auditory ossicles (Gray's s231)

[edit] Gray's page #1044

Malleus
- head (capitulum mallei)
- cog-tooth (spur of the malleus)
- neck (collum mallei)
- manubrium mallei (handle)
- anterior process (processus anterior; processus gracilis)
- lateral process (processus lateralis; processus brevis)

Incus
- body (corpus incudis)
- short crus (crus breve; short process)

[edit] Gray's page #1045

Incus
- fossa incudis
- long crus (crus longum; long process)
- lenticular process

Stapes
- head (capitulum stapedis)
- crura (crus anterius and crus posterius)
- base (basis stapedis)

Ligaments of the Ossicles (ligamenta ossiculorum auditus)
- anterior ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei anterius)
- superior ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei superius)
- lateral ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei laterale; external ligament of the malleus)
- axis ligament
- posterior ligament of the incus (lig. incudis posterius)

[edit] Gray's page #1046

Ligaments of the Ossicles
- superior ligament of the incus (lig. incudis superius)
- annular ligament of the base of the stapes (lig. annulare baseos stapedis)

Muscles of the Tympanic Cavity (musculi ossiculorum auditus)
- Tensor tympani
- Stapedius

[edit] Gray's page #1047

tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal (Jacobson's nerve)
superior and inferior caroticotympanic nerves
smaller superficial petrosal nerve
chorda tympani nerve

[edit] The internal ear or labyrinth (Gray's s232)

[edit] Gray's page #1047

internal ear (labyrinth)
Osseous labyrinth (labyrinthus osseus)
Vestibule (vestibulum)

[edit] Gray's page #1048

Vestibule (vestibulum)

[edit] Gray's page #1049

Bony semicircular canals (canales semicirculares ossei)
- ampulla
- superior semicircular canal (canalis semicircularis superior)
- crus commune
- posterior semicircular canal (canalis semicircularis posterior)
- lateral or horizontal canal (canalis semicircularis lateralis; external semicircular canal)

[edit] Gray's page #1050

Cochlea

[edit] Gray's page #1051

Cochlea
- spiral canal of the modiolus
- spiral ganglion (ganglion of Corti)
- cupula
- fenestra cochleae
- secondary tympanic membrane
- osseous spiral lamina (lamina spiralis ossea)
- scala vestibuli
- scala tympani
- hamulus laminæ spiralis
- helicotrema
- secondary spiral lamina
- vestibule fissure
- perilymph
Membranous labyrinth (labyrinthus membranaceus)
- perilymph
- endolymph
utricle (utriculus)
- macula acustica utriculi

[edit] Gray's page #1052

utricle (utriculus)
- ductus utriculosaccularis
Saccule (sacculus)
Semicircular ducts (ductus semicirculares; membranous semicircular canals)
- septum transversum
Structure
- supporting cells
- hair cells

[edit] Gray's page #1054

Structure
- otoconia
Ductus cochlearis (membranous cochlea; scala media)
basilar membrane
vestibular membrane
ductus cochlearis (scala media)
lagena
canalis reuniens of Hensen
spiral ligament
basilar crest

[edit] Gray's page #1055

[edit] Gray's page #1056

[edit] Gray's page #1057

[edit] Gray's page #1058

Hair cells
- cells of Deiters
- phalangeal process
- supporting cells of Hensen
- cells of Claudius
- space of Nuel
- reticular lamina
- phalanges
- tectorial membrane
- Hensen's stripe
- acoustic nerve (n. acusticus; auditory nerve or nerve of hearing)
- vestibular nerve (n. vestibularis)
- vestibular ganglion (ganglion of Scarpa)

[edit] Peripheral terminations of nerves of general sensations (Gray's s233)

[edit] Gray's page #1059

[edit] Gray's page #1060

special end-organs

[edit] Gray's page #1061

special end-organs

[edit] The common integument (Gray's s234)

[edit] Gray's page #1062

Integumentum Commune; Skin, integument
epidermis, cuticle or scarf skin

[edit] Gray's page #1063

four layers
- stratum mucosum (mucous layer)
  - stratum germinativum

[edit] Gray's page #1064

four layers
- stratum granulosum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum corneum (horny layer)
  - keratin
melanin

[edit] Gray's page #1065

Corium, Cutis vera, Dermis, or True skin
- reticular layer (stratum reticulare; deep layer)
- papillary layer (stratum papillare; superficial layer; corpus papillare of the corium)
  - papillæ

[edit] Gray's page #1066

Development
- vernix caseosa
- lanugo
Appendages of the Skin
- nails (ungues)
  - free edge
  - nail matrix
  - lunula of nails

[edit] Gray's page #1067

Appendages of the Skin
- nails (ungues)
  - eponychium
- Hairs (pili)
  - shaft of the hair or scapus
  - root of the hair (radix pili)
  - hair bulb
  - hair follicle
  - outer coat or dermic coat

[edit] Gray's page #1068

Appendages of the Skin
- Hairs (pili)
  - inner coat or epidermic coat

[edit] Gray's page #1069

Appendages of the Skin
- Hairs (pili)
- Sebaceous glands (glandulæ sebaceæ)
  - sebum cutaneum

[edit] Gray's page #1070

Appendages of the Skin
- Sudoriferous glands or Sweat glands (glandulæ sudoriferæ)
  - areolar tissue
  - epithelium

[edit] See also

Sensory system: Gustatory system (TA 15.4, GA 10.991)

Taste bud (Vallate papilla, Foliate papilla, Fungiform papilla) · Filiform papilla

Path

medulla: Solitary tract (VII, IX, X) · Solitary nucleus (Gustatory nucleus)

pons: Central tegmental tract · Parabrachial nucleus (Hypothalamus, Amygdala)

thalamus: Ventral posteromedial nucleus

cerebrum: Posterior limb of internal capsule · Gustatory cortex

Other

–

Head and neck, upper RT: Nose (TA A06.1, TH H3.05.01, GA 10.992)

External nose

nasal cartilages (of the septum, Greater alar, Lesser alar, Lateral nasal, Accessory nasal, Vomeronasal)

Openings	Nasal vestibule · Nostril · Posterior nasal apertures

Lateral wall	Nasal concha/meati: Superior nasal concha · Middle nasal concha · Inferior nasal concha · Superior nasal meatus · Middle nasal meatus · Inferior nasal meatus Sphenoethmoidal recess · Ethmoid bulla · Agger nasi · Ethmoidal infundibulum · Semilunar hiatus · Maxillary hiatus

Medial wall	Nasal septum · Vomeronasal organ

Mucous membrane	Olfactory mucosa

Paranasal sinuses

Maxillary sinus · Sphenoidal sinuses · Frontal sinus · Ethmoid sinus

Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube (Salpingopharyngeal fold, Salpingopalatine fold, Torus tubarius) · Pharyngeal tonsil · Pharyngeal recess

anat(n, x, l, c)/phys/devp

noco(c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(R1/2/3/5/6/7)

Sensory system: Olfactory system / Olfaction / Rhinencephalon (TA 15.1, GA 10.992)

Olfactory epithelium

Olfactory glands · Olfactory mucosa · Sustentacular cell

Olfactory nerve: 1° neuron

Olfactory receptor neurons (Olfactory receptor) → Olfactory bulb (Glomeruli)

Olfactory nerve: 2° neuron

Mitral cells → Olfactory tract → Olfactory trigone

Lateral olfactory stria/
Primary olfactory cortex

Piriform cortex · EC-hippocampus system (Entorhinal cortex, Hippocampal formation) · Prepyriform area · Periamygdaloid cortex

Stria medullaris → Habenular nuclei

Amygdala → Stria terminalis → Hypothalamus

Medial forebrain bundle → Hypothalamus

Medial olfactory stria

Anterior olfactory nucleus

-

Prenatal development/Mammalian development of nervous system (GA 9.733 and GA 10.1002, TE E5.13-16)

General neural development/ neurulation/neurula	Notochord · Neuroectoderm · Neural plate (Neural fold, Neural groove)

Neural crest	Cranial neural crest (Cardiac neural crest complex) · Truncal neural crest

Neural tube	Rostral neuropore Neuromere/Rhombomere Cephalic flexure · Pontine flexure Alar plate (sensory) · Basal plate (motor) Glioblast · Neuroblast Germinal matrix

Eye development

Neural tube: Optic vesicle · Optic stalk · Optic cup

Surface ectoderm: Lens placode

Auditory development

Otic placode (Otic pit, Otic vesicle)

note: NS is mostly ectoderm, but mesoderm is precursor for epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L)

anat(e/p)/phys/devp

noco/cong, epon

proc, drug(S2)

Sensory system – visual system – globe of eye (TA A15.2.1–6, TH 3.11.08.0-5, GA 10.1005)

Fibrous tunic (outer)

Sclera	Episcleral layer • Schlemm's canal • Trabecular meshwork

Cornea	Limbus • layers (Epithelium, Bowman's, Stroma, Descemet's, Endothelium)

1:posterior compartment 2:ora serrata 3:ciliary muscle 4:ciliary zonules 5:canal of Schlemm 6:pupil 7:anterior chamber 8:cornea 9:iris 10:lens cortex 11:lens nucleus 12:ciliary process 13:conjunctiva 14:inferior oblique muscule 15:inferior rectus muscule 16:medial rectus muscle 17:retinal arteries and veins 18:optic disc 19:dura mater 20:central retinal artery 21:central retinal vein 22:optical nerve 23:vorticose vein 24:bulbar sheath 25:macula 26:fovea 27:sclera 28:choroid 29:superior rectus muscle 30:retina

About this image

Uvea/vascular tunic (middle)

Choroid	Capillary lamina of choroid • Bruch's membrane • Sattler's layer

Ciliary body	Ciliary processes • Ciliary muscle

Iris	Stroma • Pupil • Iris dilator muscle • Iris sphincter muscle

Retina (inner)

Layers	Inner limiting membrane • Nerve fiber layer • Ganglion cell layer • Inner plexiform layer • Inner nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer • Outer nuclear layer External limiting membrane • Layer of rods and cones • Retinal pigment epithelium

Cells	Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retina ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) → Diencephalon: P cell, M cell, K cell Muller glia

Other	Macula (Foveola, Fovea centralis) • Optic disc (Optic cup)

Anterior segment

Anterior chamber • Aqueous humour • Posterior chamber • Lens (Capsule of lens, Zonule of Zinn)

Posterior segment

Vitreous humour

Other

Ocular immune system • Tapetum lucidum • Keratocytes

anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L)

v d e Muscles of orbit / Extraocular muscles (TA A15.2.07, GA 10.1021)

Eyelid	Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

Globe	Superior rectus muscle · Inferior rectus muscle · Lateral rectus muscle · Medial rectus muscle · Superior oblique muscle · Inferior oblique muscle

Head and neck anatomy – accessory visual structures (TA 15.2.7, TH H3.11.08.6, GA 10.1021)

Tarsus • Medial palpebral ligament • Epicanthic fold • Meibomian gland • Ciliary glands • Eyelash

Palpebral fissure • Canthus

Lacrimal apparatus

Lacrimal lake • Lacrimal gland • Lacrimal canaliculi • Lacrimal punctum • Lacrimal papilla • Nasolacrimal duct • Lacrimal sac • Lacrimal caruncle • Krause's glands

Other

Periorbita • Orbital septum • Tenon's capsule • Suspensory ligament of eyeball

Conjunctiva (Plica semilunaris)

Extraocular muscles (Trochlea of superior oblique)

anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L)

Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems (TA A15.3, TH 3.11.09, GA 10.1029)

Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Incisura anterior auris, Earlobe) • Ear canal • Auricular muscles

Eardrum (Umbo, Pars flaccida)

Tympanic cavity	Labyrinthine wall/medial: Oval window · Round window • Secondary tympanic membrane • Prominence of facial canal • Promontory of tympanic cavity Membranous wall/lateral Mastoid wall/posterior: Mastoid cells • Aditus to mastoid antrum • Pyramidal eminence Carotid wall/anterior Tegmental wall/roof: Epitympanic recess Jugular wall/floor

Ossicles	Malleus (Neck of malleus, Superior ligament of malleus, Lateral ligament of malleus, Anterior ligament of malleus) · Incus (Superior ligament of incus, Posterior ligament of incus) · Stapes (Anular ligament of stapes)

Muscles	Stapedius · Tensor tympani

Eustachian tube	Bony part of pharyngotympanic tube · Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube (Torus tubarius)

Inner ear/
(membranous labyrinth,
bony labyrinth)

Auditory system
Cochlear labyrinth

General cochlea	Scala vestibuli • Helicotrema • Scala tympani • Modiolus • Cochlear cupula

Perilymphatic space	Perilymph • Cochlear aqueduct

Cochlear duct / scala media	Reissner's/vestibular membrane • Basilar membrane Endolymph • Stria vascularis • Spiral ligament Organ of Corti: Stereocilia • Tectorial membrane • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Spiral limbus

Cells	Claudius cell • Boettcher cell

Vestibular system/
Vestibular labyrinth

Static/translations/vestibule/endolymphatic duct: Utricle (Macula) · Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac) · Kinocilium · Otolith • Vestibular aqueduct • Canalis reuniens

Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) • Ampullary cupula • Ampullae (Crista ampullaris)

anat(e/p)/phys/devp

noco/cong, epon

proc, drug(S2)

Nervous system, receptors: somatosensory system (GA 10.1059)

Medial lemniscus

Touch/mechanoreceptors: Lamellar/Pacinian corpuscles – vibration • Tactile/Meissner's corpuscles – light touch • Merkel's discs – pressure • Bulbous/Ruffini endings - stretch • Free nerve endings – pain • Hair cells • Baroreceptor

Proprioception: Golgi organ – tension/length • Muscle spindle – velocity of change (Intrafusal muscle fiber • Nuclear chain fiber • Nuclear bag fiber)

Spinothalamic tract

Pain: Nociception and Nociceptors

Temperature: Thermoreceptors

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

Integumentary system (TA A16, TH H3.12, GA 10.1062)

Stratum corneum · Stratum lucidum · Stratum granulosum · Stratum spinosum · Stratum basale

Basement membrane zone

Basal keratinocyte · Lamina lucida · Lamina densa

Head	campus frontalis, campus parietalis, campus occipitalis, campus temroralis, campus facialis (campus orbitalis, campus nasalis, campus oralis, campus mentalis, campus infraorbitalis, campus buccalis, campus zygomaticus)

Neck	campus cervicalis anterior (campus submandibularis, campus caroticus, campus omotrachealis, campus submentalis), campus sternocleidomastoideus, campus cervicalis posterior (campus omoclavicularis), campus nuchalis

Chest	campus presternalis, campus clavipectoralis, campus pectoralis verus, campus mammarius, campus inframammarius, campus axillaris

Abdomen	campus hypochondriacus, campus epigastricus, campus abdominalis lateralis, campus umbilicalis, campus inguinalis, campus hypogastricus

Perineum	campus analis, campus urogenitalis

Subcutaneous tissue

Panniculus/Pannus (Panniculus adiposus · Panniculus carnosus) · Stratum membranosum · Loose connective tissue · Superficial fascia

Sweat glands: Apocrine sweat gland · Eccrine sweat gland

Root sheath	Outer root sheath · Inner root sheath (Henle's layer, Huxley's layer)

Hair shaft	Cuticle · Cortex · Medulla · Bulb with matrix cells · Hair follicle

Muscle	Arrector pili muscle

Pilosebaceous unit	Hair sebaceous gland

Nail matrix · Nail plate (Lunula) · Eponychium · Paronychium · Hyponychium

M: INT, SF, LCT

noco(i/b/d/q/u/r/p/m/k/v/f)/cong/tumr(n/e/d), sysi/epon

proc, drug (D2/3/4/5/8/11)

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug(D10)

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