List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XI. Splanchnology

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The subjects listed below are covered by the 11th chapter of the 1858 anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy.

Contents

1 The respiratory apparatus (Gray's s235)
2 The digestive apparatus (Gray's s241)
3 The urogenital apparatus
4 The ductless glands
5 See also

[edit] The respiratory apparatus (Gray's s235)

[edit] Gray's page #1071

Apparatus Respiratorius; Respiratory system
Respiratory apparatus: development of

[edit] The larynx (Gray's s236)

[edit] Gray's page #1072

Larynx

[edit] Cartilages of the larynx (cartilagines laryngis)

[edit] Gray's page #1073

Thyroid cartilage (cartilago thyreoidea)

[edit] Gray's page #1074

Thyroid cartilage (cartilago thyreoidea)
- intrathyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage (cartilago cricoidea)
- posterior quadrate lamina (lamina cartilaginis cricoideæ; posterior portion)
- arch (arcus cartilaginis cricoideæ; anterior portion)

[edit] Gray's page #1075

Arytenoid cartilages (cartilagines arytænoideæ)
- colliculus
- crista arcuata
Corniculate cartilages (cartilagines corniculatæ; cartilages of Santorini)
Cuneiform cartilages (cartilagines cuneiformes; cartilages of Wrisberg)
Epiglottis (cartilago epiglottica)
glossoepiglottic folds
valleculae

[edit] Ligaments

[edit] Gray's page #1076

Extrinsic Ligaments
- Hyothyroid membrane (membrana hyothyreoidea; thyrohyoid membrane)

[edit] Gray's page #1077

Extrinsic Ligaments
- middle hyothyroid ligament (ligamentum hyothyreoideum medium; middle thyrohyoid ligament)
- Lateral hyothyroid ligament (ligamentum hyothyreoideum laterale; lateral thyrohyoid ligament)
- hyoepiglottic ligament (ligamentum hyoepiglotticum)
- Cricotracheal ligament (ligamentum cricotracheale)
Intrinsic Ligaments
- elastic membrane of the larynx

[edit] Gray's page #1078

Intrinsic Ligaments
- Conus elasticus (cricothyroid membrane)
- anterior part or middle cricothyroid ligament (ligamentum cricothyreoideum medium; central part of cricothyroid membrane)
- posterior cricoarytenoid ligament (ligamentum cricoarytenoideum posterius)
- thyroepiglottic ligament (ligamentum thyreoepiglotticum)

[edit] Interior of the Larynx

[edit] Gray's page #1078

cavity of the larynx (cavum laryngis)

[edit] Gray's page #1079

entrance of the larynx
- aryepiglottic fold
- cuneiform tubercle
Ventricular folds (plicœ ventriculares; superior or false vocal cords)
- ventricular ligament
Vocal folds (plicœ vocales; inferior or true vocal cords)
- vocal ligaments (ligamenta vocales; inferior thyroarytenoid)

[edit] Gray's page #1080

Ventricle of the larynx (ventriculus laryngis [Morgagnii]; laryngeal sinus)
- appendix of the laryngeal ventricle (appendix ventriculi laryngis; laryngeal saccule)
Rima glottidis

[edit] Muscles

[edit] Gray's page #1081

Cricothyreoideus (Cricothyroid)

[edit] Gray's page #1082

Cricoarytænoideus posterior (posterior cricoarytenoid)
Cricoarytænoideus lateralis (lateral cricoarytenoid)
Arytænoideus
- Arytænoideus obliquus

[edit] Gray's page #1083

Arytænoideus
- Aryepiglotticus
- Arytænoideus transversus
Thyreoarytænoideus (Thyroarytenoid)

[edit] Glands

[edit] Gray's page #1084

arytenoid glands

[edit] The trachea and bronchi (Gray's s237)

[edit] Gray's page #1084

trachea or windpipe

[edit] Gray's page #1085

Right bronchus (bronchus dexter)
eparterial branch
hyparterial branch
Left bronchus (bronchus sinister)

[edit] Gray's page #1086

cartilages of the trachea

[edit] Gray's page #1087

transverse fibers (Trachealis muscle)

[edit] The pleurae (Gray's s238)

[edit] Gray's page #1087

pleura - by layer
- pulmonary pleura
- parietal pleura

[edit] Gray's page #1088

pleura - by layer
- pleural cavity
pleura - by position
Reflections of the Pleura
- posterior mediastinum
- pulmonary ligament

[edit] Gray's page #1089

Reflections of the Pleura

[edit] Gray's page #1090

Reflections of the Pleura
- costomediastinal sinus
Pulmonary ligament (ligamentum pulmonale; ligamentum latum pulmonis)

[edit] The mediastinum (Gray's s239)

[edit] Gray's page #1090

[edit] Gray's page #1092

lower portion
- Anterior mediastinum
- Middle mediastinum

[edit] Gray's page #1093

lower portion
- Posterior mediastinum

[edit] The lungs (Gray's s240)

[edit] Gray's page #1093

Lungs (Pulmones)

[edit] Gray's page #1094

Apex pulmonis
Basis pulmonis
Surfaces
- costal surface (facies costalis; external or thoracic surface)

[edit] Gray's page #1095

Surfaces
- mediastinal surface (facies mediastinalis; inner surface)
  - cardiac impression
  - hilum of lung

[edit] Gray's page #1096

Borders
Fissures and Lobes of the Lungs
- left lung
  - superior lobe
  - inferior lobe

[edit] Gray's page #1097

Fissures and Lobes of the Lungs
- right lung
Root of the lung (radix pulmonis)
Divisions of the Bronchi

[edit] Gray's page #1098

Structure

[edit] Gray's page #1099

Structure
- alveoli

[edit] Gray's page #1100

Vessels and Nerves

[edit] The digestive apparatus (Gray's s241)

[edit] Gray's page #1100

Digestive tube (alimentary canal)

[edit] Gray's page #1101

Development of the Digestive tube
- fore-gut
- hind-gut
Mouth
- stomodeum

[edit] Gray's page #1102

[edit] Gray's page #1103

Tongue
Palatine tonsils
Further Development of the Digestive tube

[edit] Gray's page #1104

Further Development of the Digestive tube
- mesocolon

[edit] Gray's page #1106

Further Development of the Digestive tube
- bursa omentalis
- foramen epiploicum or foramen of Winslow

[edit] Gray's page #1107

Further Development of the Digestive tube
- ventral mesogastrium

[edit] Gray's page #1108

Rectum and Anal canal

[edit] Gray's page #1109

The Rectum and Anal Canal

[edit] Gray's page #1110

The Rectum and Anal Canal

[edit] The mouth (Gray's s242)

[edit] Gray's page #1110

cavity of the mouth
vestibule (vestibulum oris)
rima
Mouth cavity proper (cavum oris proprium)
isthmus faucium
mucous membrane

[edit] Gray's page #1111

Lips (labia oris)
frenulum
Labial glands (glandulœ labiales)

[edit] Gray's page #1112

Cheeks (buccæ)
mucous membrane
molar glands
Gums (gingivœ)
Palate (palatum)
Hard palate (palatum durum)
Soft palate (palatum molle)
palatine velum
palatine uvula
pillars of the fauces

[edit] Teeth (dentes)

[edit] Gray's page #1112

deciduous teeth

[edit] Gray's page #1113

permanent teeth

[edit] Gray's page #1114

General characteristics of teeth
- crown
- root
- neck
- surfaces of a tooth
- dental arches

[edit] Gray's page #1115

Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
- Incisors (dentes incisivi; incisive or cutting teeth)

[edit] Gray's page #1116

Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
- Incisors (dentes incisivi; incisive or cutting teeth)
  - crown
  - basal ridge (Cingulum)
- Canine teeth (dentes canini)

[edit] Gray's page #1117

Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
- Canine teeth (dentes canini)
  - upper canine teeth (eye teeth)
  - lower canine teeth (stomach teeth)

[edit] Gray's page #1118

Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
- Premolars or Bicuspid teeth (dentes præmolares)
- Molar teeth (dentes molares)
  - multicuspids
  - dens serotinus or wisdom-tooth
- Deciduous teeth (dentes decidui; temporary or milk teeth)
Structure of the teeth

[edit] Gray's page #1119

Structure of the teeth
- enamel
- cement (crusta petrosa)
- dentin (substantia eburnea; ivory)
- dental canaliculi (dentinal tubules)
  - dentinal sheath of Neumann
  - Tomes' fibers or dentinal fibers

[edit] Gray's page #1120

Structure of the teeth
- matrix (intertubular dentin)
- enamel (substantia adamantina)
  - enamel fibers or enamel prisms (prismata adamantina)
  - parallel striae (colored lines of Retzius)
- crusta petrosa or cement (substantia ossea)

[edit] Gray's page #1122

Development of the deciduous teeth

[edit] Gray's page #1123

Development of the deciduous teeth
- enamel cells (adamantoblasts)
- external enamel epithelium
- enamel organ
- Formation of the Enamel
  - enamel droplet
  - cuticula dentis (Nasmyth's membrane)
- Formation of the Dentin

[edit] Gray's page #1124

Development of the deciduous teeth
- Formation of the Cement
  - epithelial sheath
- Formation of the Alveoli
  - gubernaculum dentis
Development of the Permanent teeth
- successional permanent teeth
- superadded permanent teeth

[edit] Tongue (lingua)

[edit] Gray's page #1125

Root (radix linguae base)
Apex (apex linguae tip)
Inferior Surface (facies inferior linguae under surface)
- frenulum linguæ
- plica fimbriata
Dorsum of the tongue (dorsum linguæ)

[edit] Gray's page #1126

Dorsum of the tongue (dorsum linguæ)
- lingual tonsil
Papillae of the tongue
- papillae vallatae (circumvallate papillae)
- papillae fungiformes (fungiform papillae)

[edit] Gray's page #1127

Papillae of the tongue
- papillae filiformes (filiform papillae)

[edit] Gray's page #1128

Papillae of the tongue
- papillae conicae (conical papilae)
- papillae simplices

[edit] Gray's page #1129

Extrinsic muscles of tongue
- Genioglossus (Geniohyoglossus)
- Hyoglossus

[edit] Gray's page #1130

Extrinsic muscles of tongue
- Chondroglossus
- Styloglossus
intrinsic muscles of tongue
- Longitudinalis linguæ superior (Superior lingualis)
- Longitudinalis linguæ inferior (Inferior lingualis)
- Transversus linguæ (Transverse lingualis)

[edit] Gray's page #1131

intrinsic muscles of tongue
- Verticalis linguæ (Vertical lingualis)
Structure of the Tongue
- mucous membrane (tunica mucosa linguae)
- lingual tonsil
- papillae
- mucosa
- corium
Glands of the tongue
- mucous glands
- serous glands

[edit] Gray's page #1132

Septum of tongue
hyoglossal membrane
Taste-buds
- papilla foliata
Vessels and Nerves
- lingual branch of the external carotid artery, external maxillary artery and ascending pharyngeal artery
- internal jugular vein
- sensory nerves of the tongue
  - lingual branch of the mandibular nerve
  - chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
  - lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
  - superior laryngeal nerve

[edit] Salivary glands

[edit] Gray's page #1132

Salivary glands
Parotid gland (glandula parotis)

[edit] Gray's page #1134

Parotid gland (glandula parotis)
- accessory part (socia parotidis)
- parotid duct (ductus parotideus; Stensen's duct)

[edit] Gray's page #1135

Submaxillary gland (glandula submaxillaris)
- submaxillary duct (ductus submaxillaris; Wharton's duct)

[edit] Gray's page #1136

Sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis)
Structure of the Salivary Glands

[edit] Gray's page #1137

Structure of the Salivary Glands
- Langley's ganglion
accessory glands

[edit] The fauces (Gray's s243)

[edit] Gray's page #1137

isthmus faucium
glossopalatine arch (arcus glossopalatinus; anterior pillar of fauces)
pharyngopalatine arch (arcus pharyngopalatinus; posterior pillar of fauces)
Palatine tonsils (tonsillae palatinae tonsil)

[edit] Gray's page #1138

Palatine tonsils (tonsillae palatinae tonsil)

[edit] Gray's page #1139

palatine aponeurosis

Muscles of the palate

[edit] Gray's page #1140

Muscles of the palate
- Pharyngopalatinus (Palatopharyngeus)
  - posterior fasciculus
  - anterior fasciculus

[edit] Gray's page #1141

mucous membrane of the soft palate

[edit] The pharynx (Gray's s244)

[edit] Gray's page #1141

pharynx
pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller)
Nasal part of the pharynx (pars nasalis pharyngis; nasopharynx)
- pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube
- torus or cushion

[edit] Gray's page #1142

Nasal part of the pharynx (pars nasalis pharyngis; nasopharynx)
Oral part of the pharynx (pars oralis pharyngis)
- palatine tonsil
Laryngeal part of the pharynx (pars laryngea pharyngis)
- sinus piriformis
Muscles of the pharynx
- Constrictor pharyngis inferior (Inferior constrictor)

[edit] Gray's page #1143

[edit] The esophagus (Gray's s245)

[edit] Gray's page #1144

Esophagus or Gullet

[edit] Gray's page #1145

Relations
- cervical portion of the esophagus
- thoracic portion of the esophagus

[edit] Gray's page #1146

Relations
- abdominal portion of the esophagus
  - antrum cardiacum
Structure
- muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
- areolar or submucous coat (tela submucosa)
- mucous coat (tunica mucosa)
  - muscularis mucosae
esophageal glands (glandulae aesophageæ)

[edit] The abdomen (Gray's s246)

[edit] Gray's page #1147

abdomen
diaphragm of the pelvis
abdomen proper
Apertures in the Walls of the Abdomen
Regions of the abdomen
- Transpyloric plane
- intertubercular plane

[edit] Gray's page #1148

Regions of the abdomen
- hypogastric zones

[edit] Gray's page #1149

Regions of the abdomen
- epigastric region
- right and left hypochondriac region
- umbilical region
- hypogastric or pubic region
- right and left iliac or inguinal region
pelvis
greater omentum
Peritoneum (Tunica serosa)

[edit] Gray's page #1150

Peritoneum (Tunica serosa)

[edit] Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)

[edit] Gray's page #1150

Vertical Disposition of the Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)
- ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)
- falciform ligament of the liver
- superior layer of the coronary ligament
- superior layer of the left triangular ligament
- inferior layer of the coronary ligament
- hepatorenal ligament
- bare area of the liver

[edit] Gray's page #1151

Vertical Disposition of the Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)
- right triangular ligament
- inferior layer of the left triangular ligament
- hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament
- lesser omentum
- gastrocolic ligament or greater omentum
- transverse mesocolon
- mesentery
- sigmoid mesocolon

[edit] Gray's page #1152

Vertical Disposition of the Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)

[edit] Omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)

[edit] Gray's page #1152

Vertical Disposition of the Omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)

[edit] Gray's page #1153

Vertical Disposition of the Omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)
- gastrocolic ligament or greater omentum
Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum
- In the Pelvis
  - sigmoid mesocolon

[edit] Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum

[edit] Gray's page #1154

Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum
- In the Pelvis
  - sigmoid mesocolon
  - pararectal fossa
  - rectovesical or sacrogenital folds
  - paravesical fossa
  - plica vesicalis transversa
  - torus uterinus
  - ovarian fossa

[edit] Gray's page #1155

Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum
- In the Lower Abdomen
  - mesentery
- In the Upper Abdomen
  - phrenicolienal ligament
  - gastrolienal ligament
  - Omental bursa (bursa omentalis; lesser peritoneal sac)

[edit] Gray's page #1156

epiploic foramen (foramen epiploicum; foramen of Winslow)
omental bursa
omenta
- lesser omentum (omentum minus; small omentum; gastrohepatic omentum)

[edit] Gray's page #1157

omenta
- lesser omentum (omentum minus; small omentum; gastrohepatic omentum)
- greater omentum (omentum majus; great omentum; gastrocolic omentum)
mesenteries
- mesentery proper (mesenterium)
  - root of the mesentery
- transverse mesocolon (mesocolon transversum)
- sigmoid mesocolon (mesocolon sigmoideum)

[edit] Gray's page #1158

[edit] Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)

[edit] Gray's page #1158

Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)

[edit] Gray's page #1159

Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)
- Duodenal fossæ

[edit] Gray's page #1160

Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)
- Cecal fossæ (pericecal folds or fossæ)

[edit] Gray's page #1161

Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)
- Cecal fossæ (pericecal folds or fossæ)
  - retrocecal fossæ
- intersigmoid fossa (recessus intersigmoideus)

[edit] The stomach (Gray's s247)

[edit] Gray's page #1161

stomach
Openings
- cardiac orifice

[edit] Gray's page #1162

Openings
- cardiac orifice
  - incisura cardiaca
- pyloric orifice
  - duodenopyloric constriction
Curvatures
- lesser curvature (curvatura ventriculi minor)
  - incisura angularis
- greater curvature (curvatura ventriculi major)
Surfaces
- Antero-superior surface
- Postero-inferior surface
  - stomach bed
  - gastrophrenic ligament

[edit] Gray's page #1163

Component Parts of the Stomach

[edit] Gray's page #1164

Component Parts of the Stomach
- pyloric valve (valvula pylori)
Structure (layers)
- serous coat (tunica serosa)
- muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
- longitudinal fibers (stratum longitudinale)

[edit] Gray's page #1165

Structure (layers)
- circular fibers (stratum circulare)

[edit] Gray's page #1166

Structure (layers)
- oblique fibers (fibræ obliquæ)
- areolar or submucous coat (tela submucosa)
- mucous membrane (tunica mucosa)
Gastric glands

[edit] Gray's page #1167

Gastric glands
- chief cells or central cells
- parietal cells or oxyntic cells
- lenticular glands

[edit] The small intestine (Gray's s248)

[edit] Gray's page #1168

[edit] Gray's page #1169

Duodenum
- superior portion (pars superior; first portion)
- descending portion (pars descendens; second portion)

[edit] Gray's page #1170

Duodenum
- horizontal portion (pars horizontalis; third or preaortic or transverse portion)
- ascending portion (pars ascendens; fourth portion)
  - duodenojejunal flexure
Jejunum (intestinum jejunum)
- circular folds (valvulæ conniventes)

[edit] Gray's page #1171

Ileum (intestinum ileum)
- mesentery

[edit] Gray's page #1172

Meckel's diverticulum (diverticulum ilei)

[edit] Gray's page #1173

structures of the small intestines
- circular folds (plicæ circulares [Kerkringi]; valvulæ conniventes; valves of Kerkring)

[edit] Gray's page #1174

structures of the small intestines
- intestinal villi (villi intestinales)
- intestinal glands (glandulæ intestinales; crypts of Lieberkühn)

[edit] Gray's page #1176

structures of the small intestines
- duodenal glands (glandulæ duodenales; Brunner's glands)
- solitary lymphatic nodules (noduli lymphatici solitarii; solitary glands)
- aggregated lymphatic nodules (noduli lymphatici aggregati; Peyer's patches; Peyer's glands; agminated follicles; tonsillæ intestinales)

[edit] Gray's page #1177

nerves of the small intestines
- myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus)
- plexus of the submucosa (Meissner's plexus)

[edit] The large intestine (Gray's s249)

[edit] Gray's page #1177

large intestine (Intestinum Crassum)
Cecum (intestinum cæcum)
- caput cæcum coli

[edit] Gray's page #1178

Vermiform process or Appendix (processus vermiformis)

[edit] Gray's page #1179

Colic valve (valvula coli; ileocecal valve)
- frenula of the valve

[edit] Gray's page #1180

Colon
Ascending colon (colon ascendens)
- colic impression
- right colic flexure or hepatic flexure
Transverse colon (colon transversum)
- left colic flexure or splenic flexure

[edit] Gray's page #1181

Transverse colon (colon transversum)
Descending colon (colon descendens)

[edit] Gray's page #1182

Descending colon (colon descendens)
- Iliac colon
Sigmoid colon (colon sigmoideum; pelvic colon; sigmoid flexure)
- sigmoid mesocolon

[edit] Gray's page #1183

Rectum (intestinum rectum)
- rectal ampulla
- Houston's valves

[edit] Gray's page #1184

Anal canal (pars analis recti)

[edit] Gray's page #1185

Anal canal (pars analis recti)
Structure of the colon

[edit] Gray's page #1186

Structure of the colon

[edit] Gray's page #1187

Structure of the colon
- solitary lymphatic nodules (noduli lymphatic solitarii)
Vessels and Nerves
- hemorrhoidal plexus
Congenital hernia

[edit] The liver (Gray's s250)

[edit] Gray's page #1188

Liver (Hepar)
bile

[edit] Surfaces of liver

[edit] Gray's page #1189

superior surface (facies superior)
inferior surface (facies inferior; visceral surface)

[edit] Gray's page #1190

inferior surface (facies inferior; visceral surface)
- duodenal impression
- caudate process
posterior surface (facies posterior)

[edit] Gray's page #1191

posterior surface (facies posterior)
anterior border (margo anterior)
- umbilical notch
- left extremity of the liver

[edit] Fossæ

[edit] Gray's page #1191

left sagittal fossa (fossa sagittalis sinistra; longitudinal fissure)
fossa for the umbilical vein
pons hepatis
fossa for the ductus venosus
ligamentum venosum
porta or transverse fissure (porta hepatis)
fossa for the gall-bladder (fossa vesicæ felleæ)
fossa for the inferior vena cava (fossa venæ cavæ)

[edit] Lobes

[edit] Gray's page #1191

right lobe (lobus hepatis dexter)

[edit] Gray's page #1192

quadrate lobe (lobus quadratus)
caudate lobe (lobus caudatus; Spigelian lobe)
caudate process
left lobe (lobus hepatis sinister)

[edit] Ligaments

[edit] Gray's page #1192

falciform ligament (ligamentum falciforme hepatis)
coronary ligament (ligamentum coronarium hepatis)
hepatorenal ligament
right triangular ligament (ligamentum triangulare dextrum)

[edit] Gray's page #1193

left triangular ligament (ligamentum triangulare sinistrum)
round ligament (ligamentum teres hepatis)
septum transversum

[edit] Development of liver

[edit] Gray's page #1193

[edit] Vessels and Nerves

[edit] Gray's page #1194

[edit] Structure of the Liver

[edit] Gray's page #1195

serous coat (tunica serosa)
fibrous coat (capsula fibrosa; areolar coat)
lobules (lobuli hepatis)
interlobular plexus

[edit] Microscopic Appearance

[edit] Gray's page #1196

[edit] Gray's page #1197

intralobular vein
sublobular vein
bile ducts
intercellular biliary passages (bile capillaries)

[edit] Excretory Apparatus of the Liver

[edit] Gray's page #1197

hepatic duct (ductus hepaticus)
gallbladder (vesica fellea)
- fundus

[edit] Gray's page #1198

gallbladder (vesica fellea)
- Structure of gallbladder
  - external or serous coat (tunica serosa vesicæ felleæ)
  - fibromuscular coat (tunica muscularis vesicæ felleæ)
  - internal or mucous coat (tunica mucosa vesicæ felleæ)
Cystic duct (ductus cysticus)
Common bile duct (ductus choledochus)

[edit] Gray's page #1199

ampulla of Vater

[edit] The pancreas (Gray's s251)

[edit] Gray's page #1199

[edit] Gray's page #1200

Relations
Head of pancreas
- uncinate process

[edit] Gray's page #1201

Head of pancreas
- Anterior surface of pancreas
- Posterior surface of pancreas
Neck of pancreas
Body of pancreas (corpus pancreatis)
- anterior surface of pancreas (facies anterior)
  - tuber omentale
- posterior surface of pancreas (facies posterior)
- inferior surface of pancreas (facies inferior)
- superior border (margo superior)
- anterior border (margo anterior)
- inferior border (margo inferior)
Tail of pancreas (cauda pancreatis)

[edit] Gray's page #1202

Pancreatic duct (ductus pancreaticus; duct of Wirsung)
- accessory pancreatic duct (duct of Santorini)
Development

[edit] Gray's page #1203

Development
- accessory pancreatic duct
- pancreatic duct
Structure

[edit] Gray's page #1204

Structure
Vessels and Nerves

[edit] The urogenital apparatus

[edit] Development of the urinary and generative organs (Gray's s252)

[edit] Gray's page #1204

[edit] Gray's page #1205

The Pronephros and Wolffian Duct

The Mesonephros, Müllerian Duct, and Genital Gland
- Wolffian tubules
- mesonephros (Wolffian body)

[edit] Gray's page #1206

The Mesonephros, Müllerian Duct, and Genital Gland

Müllerian ducts

[edit] Gray's page #1207

Müllerian ducts
- genital cord
- Müllerian eminence
- appendices testis (hydatids of Morgagni)

Genital glands
- genital ridge
- mesorchium or mesovarium

Ovary

[edit] Gray's page #1210

Ovary
- germinal path

Testis
Descent of the Testes

[edit] Gray's page #1211

Descent of the Testes

Descent of the Ovaries
- canal of Nuck

The Metanephros and the Permanent Kidney
Metanephros

[edit] Gray's page #1212

Urinary bladder
- vesico-urethral portion
- pelvic portion

[edit] Gray's page #1213

Urinary bladder

Prostate

External organs of generation

[edit] Gray's page #1214

External organs of generation
- genital swellings
- corpora cavernosa

[edit] Gray's page #1215

External organs of generation
- prepuce

Urethra
- urethral plate
- primitive urogenital ostium

[edit] The urinary organs

[edit] The kidneys (Gray's s253)

[edit] Gray's page #1215

Relations
- anterior surface (facies anterior)

[edit] Gray's page #1217

Relations
- Posterior surface (facies posterior)

[edit] Gray's page #1218

Borders
lateral border (margo lateralis; external border)

[edit] Gray's page #1219

Borders
medial border (margo medialis; internal border)
- hilum

Extremities
- superior extremity (extremitas superior)
- inferior extremity (extremitas inferior)

[edit] Gray's page #1220

Fixation of the Kidney

[edit] Gray's page #1221

General Structure of the Kidney
- renal sinus
- renal calyces
- renal pelvis
- medullary substance (substantia medullaris) (Renal medulla)
- renal pyramids
- cortical substance (substantia corticalis) (Renal cortex)
- renal columns
- cortical arches

Minute Anatomy

[edit] Gray's page #1222

Minute Anatomy
glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule)

[edit] Gray's page #1223

Minute Anatomy

The Renal Bloodvessels

[edit] Gray's page #1224

The Renal Bloodvessels

[edit] Gray's page #1225

The Renal Bloodvessels

[edit] The ureters (Gray's s254)

[edit] Gray's page #1225

[edit] Gray's page #1226

Ureter proper
abdominal part (pars abdominalis)
pelvic part (pars pelvina)
ovarian fossa

[edit] Gray's page #1227

Structure
- fibrous coat (tunica adventitia)
- muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
- mucous coat (tunica mucosa)

[edit] The urinary bladder (Gray's s255)

[edit] Gray's page #1227

[edit] Gray's page #1228

[edit] Gray's page #1229

[edit] Gray's page #1230

Female bladder

[edit] Gray's page #1231

Ligaments
Interior of the Bladder
- trigonum vesicae

[edit] Gray's page #1232

Interior of the Bladder
Structure of the Bladder
- serous coat (tunica serosa)
- muscular coat (tunica muscularis)

[edit] Gray's page #1233

Structure of the Bladder
- muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
- submucous coat (tela submucosa)
- mucous coat (tunica mucosa)

[edit] The male urethra (Gray's s256)

[edit] Gray's page #1234

male urethra
prostatic portion (pars prostatica)
- urethral crest
- prostatic sinus
- orifices of the prostatic ducts
- colliculus seminalis
- prostatic utricle (sinus pocularis)

[edit] Gray's page #1235

prostatic portion (pars prostatica)
- uterus masculinus
membranous portion (pars membranacea)
cavernous portion (pars cavernosa; penile or spongy portion)
- fossa navicularis urethrae
external urethral orifice (orificium urethrae externum; meatus urinarius)
lining membrane of the urethra
- urethral glands
- lacunae
  - lacuna magna
Structure
- mucous coat
- submucous tissue
Congenital defects

[edit] The female urethra (Gray's s257)

[edit] Gray's page #1236

[edit] The male genital organs

[edit] The testes and their coverings (Gray's s258)

[edit] Gray's page #1236

Testes

[edit] Gray's page #1237

Scrotum
- Raphé of scrotum
- integument

[edit] Gray's page #1238

Scrotum
- Dartos tunic
Intercrural fascia (intercolumnar or external spermatic fascia)
Cremaster

[edit] Gray's page #1239

Infundibuliform fascia (tunica vaginalis communis)
Tunica vaginalis
Inguinal canal (canalis inguinalis)
Spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus)
- internal spermatic artery

[edit] Gray's page #1240

- external spermatic artery
- artery of the ductus deferens

Spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus)
- spermatic veins
- plexus pampiniformis
Testes

[edit] Gray's page #1242

epididymis
- duct of the testis
- sinus of the epididymis (digital fossa)
Appendages of the Testis and Epididymis
- appendix of the testis (hydatid of Morgagni)
- appendix of the epididymis (pedunculated hydatid)
tunics
- Tunica vaginalis (tunica vaginalis propria testis)
  - visceral lamina (lamina visceralis)
  - parietal lamina (lamina parietalis)
- Tunica albuginea

[edit] Gray's page #1243

tunics
- Tunica albuginea
  - mediastinum testis (corpus Highmori)
- Tunica vasculosa
Structure

[edit] Gray's page #1244

Structure

[edit] The ductus deferens (Gray's s259)

[edit] Gray's page #1245

ductus deferens

[edit] Gray's page #1246

ampulla of ductus deferens

Ductuli aberrantes
- ductulus aberrans inferior (vas aberrans of Haller)
- ductulus aberrans superior

Paradidymis (organ of Giraldés)

[edit] The vesiculæ seminales (Gray's s260)

Excretory duct of seminal gland

[edit] The ejaculatory ducts (Gray's s261)

[edit] Gray's page #1246

vesiculæ seminales

[edit] Gray's page #1247

ejaculatory ducts

[edit] The penis (Gray's s262)

[edit] Gray's page #1247

Penis

[edit] Gray's page #1248

[edit] Gray's page #1249

Corpus cavernosum urethræ (corpus spongiosum)
- corona glandis
- retroglandular sulcus
root (radix penis)
- fundiform ligament
- suspensory ligament
body (corpus penis)

[edit] Gray's page #1250

extremity
integument
- prepuce or foreskin
- frenulum
- preputial glands
- preputial sac
Structure of the Penis
- trabeculae
  - trabeculae of corpora cavernosa of penis
  - trabeculae of corpus spongiosum of penis (listed as corpus cavernosum urethrae)

[edit] Gray's page #1251

Vessels and Nerves
- helicine arteries

[edit] The prostate (Gray's s263)

[edit] Gray's page #1251

prostate

[edit] Gray's page #1252

base (basis prostatae)
apex (apex prostatae)
Surfaces
- posterior surface (facies posterior)
- anterior surface (facies anterior)
- lateral surfaces

[edit] Gray's page #1253

- Levatores prostatae

Structure
- muscular tissue
- glandular substance
  - prostatic ducts
  - amyloid bodies

Vessels and Nerves

[edit] The bulbourethral glands (Gray's s264)

[edit] Gray's page #1253

Glandulæ bulbourethrales; Cowper's glands

[edit] The female genital organs (Gray's s265)

[edit] Gray's page #1254

[edit] The ovaries (Gray's s266)

[edit] Gray's page #1254

[edit] Gray's page #1255

mesovarium

Epoöphoron (parovarium; organ of Rosenmüller)
- ductuli transversi
- ductus longitudinalis epoöphori (duct of Gärtner)

Paroöphoron

Structure
- germinal epithelium of Waldeyer

[edit] Gray's page #1256

Structure
- stroma
- tunica albuginea

Vesicular ovarian follicles (Graafian follicles)

Discharge of the Ovum

Corpus luteum

Vessels and Nerves
- pampiniform plexus

[edit] The uterine tube (Gray's s267)

[edit] Gray's page #1257

[edit] The uterus (Gray's s268)

[edit] Gray's page #1258

Uterus (Womb)

[edit] Gray's page #1259

internal orifice of the uterus
Body (corpus uteri)
- vesical or anterior surface (facies vesicalis)
- intestinal or posterior surface (facies intestinalis)
- fundus (fundus uteri)
- lateral margins (margo lateralis)
  - broad ligament
Cervix (cervix uteri; neck)
- supravaginal portion (portio supravaginalis cervicis)
  - parametrium

[edit] Gray's page #1260

Cervix (cervix uteri; neck)
- vaginal portion (portio vaginalis cervicis)
  - external orifice of the uterus
Interior of the Uterus
- Cavity of the body (cavum uteri)
- Canal of the cervix (canalis cervicis uteri)
  - palmate folds
  - arbor vitae uterina
ligaments of the uterus
- anterior ligament
- posterior ligament
- two lateral or broad ligaments (ligamentum latum uteri)

[edit] Gray's page #1261

ligaments of the uterus
- two lateral or broad ligaments (ligamentum latum uteri)
  - mesosalpinx
  - infundibulopelvic ligament
- round ligaments (ligamentum teres uteri)
  - canal of Nuck
- ligamentum transversalis colli

[edit] Gray's page #1262

structure of uterus
- serous coat (tunica serosa)
- muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
- mucous membrane (tunica mucosa)
  - uterine glands
  - ovula Nabothi

[edit] Gray's page #1263

nerves of uterus

[edit] The vagina (Gray's s269)

[edit] Gray's page #1264

[edit] The external genital organs (Gray's s270)

[edit] Gray's page #1264

pudendum or vulva

[edit] Gray's page #1265

Mons pubis (commissura labiorum anterior; mons Veneris)

Labia majora (labia majora pudendi)

Labia minora (labia minora pudendi; nymphæ)
- frenulum of the labia or fourchette

[edit] Gray's page #1266

Labia minora (labia minora pudendi; nymphæ)
- preputium clitoridis
- frenulum of the clitoris

Clitoris
- free extremity (glans clitoridis)

Vestibule (vestibulum vaginæ)
- vestibule of the vagina (vestibulum vaginæ)
- external urethral orifice (orificium urethræ externum; urinary meatus)
- vaginal orifice
- hymen
- imperforate hymen
- carunculae hymenales
- navicular fossa

Bulb of the vestibule (bulbus vestibuli; vaginal bulb)
- pars intermedia

Greater vestibular glands (glandulæ vestibularis major [Bartholini]; Bartholin's glands)

[edit] The mammæ (Gray's s271)

[edit] Gray's page #1267

Mammary gland; Breasts
mammæ
Mammary papilla or Nipple (papilla mammæ)
areola
areolar glands

[edit] Gray's page #1268

[edit] The ductless glands

[edit] The thyroid gland (Gray's s272)

[edit] Gray's page #1269

Thyroid gland (Glandula Thyreiodea; Thyroid body)
lobes of thyroevil. thyreoideæ)

[edit] Gray's page #1270

thyroid isthmus (isthmus gl. thyreoidea)
pyramidal lobe
Levator glandulæ thyreoideæ
accessory thyroid glands (glandulæ thyreoideæ accessoriæ)
thyroglossal duct

[edit] The parathyroid glands (Gray's s273)

[edit] Gray's page #1271

parathyroid glands

[edit] Gray's page #1272

ultimo-branchial bodies

[edit] The thymus (Gray's s274)

[edit] Gray's page #1273

thymus

[edit] Gray's page #1274

corpuscles of Hassall

[edit] The hypophysis cerebri (Gray's s275)

[edit] Gray's page #1275

hypophysis (pituitary body)

[edit] Gray's page #1276

Development of the Hypophysis cerebri

[edit] Gray's page #1277

[edit] The pineal body (Gray's s276)

[edit] Gray's page #1277

pineal body (epiphysis)

[edit] The chromaphil and cortical systems (Gray's s277)

[edit] Gray's page #1277

Chromaphil or chromaffin cells

[edit] Gray's page #1278

Suprarenal glands (Glandulæ Suprarenalis; Adrenal capsule)

Development

Relations
- right suprarenal
- hilum

[edit] Gray's page #1279

Relations
- left suprarenal
- accessory suprarenals (glandulæ suprarenales accessoriæ)

[edit] Gray's page #1280

Structure
- cortical portion (substantia corticalis)
- medullary portion (substantia medullaris)

[edit] Gray's page #1281

Glomus caroticum (Carotid glands; Carotid bodies)
Glomus coccygeum (Coccygeal gland or Body; Luschka's gland)

[edit] The spleen (Gray's s278)

[edit] Gray's page #1282

spleen (lien)
Relations
- diaphragmatic surface (facies diaphragmatica; external or phrenic surface)
- visceral surface
- gastric surface (facies gastrica)
  - hilum

[edit] Gray's page #1283

Relations
- renal surface (facies renalis)
- superior extremity (extremitas superior)
- lower extremity or colic surface (extremitas inferior)
- anterior border (margo anterior)
- posterior border (margo posterior)
- inferior border (internal border)
- phrenicolienal ligament
- gastrolienal ligament
- accessory spleens (lien accessorius; supernumerary spleen)
Structure

[edit] Gray's page #1284

Structure
- areolae
- splenic pulp (pulpa lienis)
- splenic cells

[edit] Gray's page #1285

Bloodvessels of the Spleen
- lienal artery
- lymphatic nodules (Malpighian bodies of the spleen)

[edit] See also

List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy

Prenatal development/Mammalian development of respiratory system (overview) (GA 11.1071, TE E5.5)

Upper

Lower

Laryngotracheal groove · Respiratory bud

anat(n, x, l, c)/phys/devp

noco(c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(R1/2/3/5/6/7)

Head and neck anatomy, Upper RT: Larynx (TA A06.2, TH H3.05.01, GA 11.1072)

major/unpaired: Epiglottis (Vallecula) · Thyroid (Laryngeal prominence, Oblique line, Superior thyroid notch, Superior horn, Inferior horn) · Cricoid
minor/paired: Arytenoid (Vocal process, Muscular process) · Corniculate · Cuneiform

Ligaments/folds

extrinsic ligaments: Hyoepiglottic ligament · Thyrohyoid membrane (Lateral ligament, Median ligament) · Thyroepiglottic ligament · Cricotracheal ligament

intrinsic ligaments · upper: Quadrangular membrane (Aryepiglottic, Vestibular ligament/Vestibular fold)

intrinsic ligaments · lower: Cricothyroid ligament (Median, Lateral/Conus elasticus, Vocal ligament/Vocal folds)

Laryngeal cavity

Laryngeal inlet · Vestibule · Rima vestibuli · Ventricle · Rima glottidis/Glottis · Infraglottic cavity

Other

Muscles of larynx · Cricothyroid articulation · Cricoarytenoid articulation

anat(n, x, l, c)/phys/devp

noco(c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(R1/2/3/5/6/7)

Anatomy: Lower RT respiratory system (TA A06.3–5, TH H3.05.02, GA 11.1084)

Trachea	Tracheal rings · Annular ligaments of trachea · Carina

Bronchus	main bronchus (right, left) · lobar/secondary bronchi (eparterial bronchus) · segmental/tertiary bronchi

General	Left lung/Right lung · Base/Apex · Root/Hilum Superior lobe · Lingula of left lung/Middle lobe of right lung · Inferior lobe borders: Anterior border (Cardiac notch) · Posterior border · Inferior border surfaces: Costal surface · Mediastinal surface (Cardiac impression) · Diaphragmatic surface fissures: Oblique fissure · Horizontal fissure

BP segment	Bronchiole: Conducting zone (Terminal bronchiole) · Respiratory zone (Respiratory bronchiole · Alveolar duct · Alveolus · Blood-air barrier)

Cells	Pneumocyte (Type I pneumocyte, Type II pneumocyte) · Clara cell · Goblet cell

anat(n, x, l, c)/phys/devp

noco(c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(R1/2/3/5/6/7)

Anatomy, Respiratory system: Thoracic cavity (TA A07, TH H3.05.03, GA 11.1087)

Parietal pleura (Cervical, Costal, Mediastinal, Diaphragmatic) · Visceral pleura · Pulmonary ligament · recesses (Costomediastinal, Costodiaphragmatic) · Pleural cavity

Suprapleural membrane

Superior · Anterior · Middle · Posterior

General

anat(n, x, l, c)/phys/devp

noco(c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(R1/2/3/5/6/7)

Prenatal development/Mammalian development of digestive system, coelom and septa, and mesenchymal mesenteric masses (GA 11.1101, TE E5.4, 5.8-9)

Upper GI tract and accessory	Stomodeum Foregut: upper GI (Buccopharyngeal membrane, Rathke's pouch, Tracheoesophageal septum) · accessory (Pancreatic bud, Hepatic diverticulum)

Lower GI tract	Midgut Hindgut: Urorectal septum Proctodeum Cloacal membrane Cloaca

Mesentery	Dorsal mesentery · Ventral mesentery

Thoracic diaphragm	Septum transversum

Other	Intra-embryonic coelom · Extra-embryonic coelom

anat(t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug(A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

Head and neck anatomy, digestive system: Mouth anatomy (TA A05.1–2, TH H3.04.01, GA 11.1110–2, 1125–1141)

Oral cavity
(including
mucosa)

Lip (Upper, Lower, Vermilion border, Frenulum of lower lip, Labial commissure of mouth, Philtrum)

Cheek (Buccal fat pad)

Palate/ roof of mouth	Hard palate · Soft palate · Palatine raphe · Incisive papilla

Gingiva	Interdental papilla · Gingival sulcus · Gingival margin · Free gingival margin · Gingival fibers · Junctional epithelium · Mucogingival junction · Sulcular epithelium · Stippling Periodontium: Cementum · Gingiva · Periodontal ligament

Parotid gland/Parotid duct · Submandibular gland/Submandibular duct · Sublingual gland/Major sublingual duct

see tooth anatomy

dorsum (Taste bud, Median sulcus, Terminal sulcus, Foramen cecum, Lingual tonsils) · underside (Frenulum, Fimbriated fold, Sublingual caruncle) · Anterior · Posterior · Glossoepiglottic folds · Lingual septum

Oro-pharynx/
fauces

Oropharyngeal isthmus/Isthmus of the fauces

Soft palate (Uvula, Palatoglossal arch, Palatopharyngeal arch, Plica semilunaris of the fauces)

Tonsillar fossa

Palatine tonsil

noco/cofa(c)/cogi/tumr, sysi

proc (peri), drug (A1)

Dental anatomy (TA A05.1.03, GA 11.1112–1124)

Permanent (incisor, canine, premolar, molar) · Deciduous

Maxillary teeth

Incisor: Central incisor, Lateral incisor, Canine

Premolar: First premolar, Second premolar

Molar: First molar, Second molar, Third molar

Mandibular teeth

Incisor Central incisor, Lateral incisor, Canine

Premolar: First premolar, Second premolar

Molar: First molar, Second molar, Third molar

Crown: Cusp (Cusp of Carabelli)

Pulp · Root canal (Apical foramen)

Cementoenamel junction · Enamel · Dental-enamel junction · Dentin · Dental papilla

Dental alveolus

noco/cong/jaws/tumr, epon, injr

dent, proc (endo, orth, pros)

Anatomy of torso, digestive system: Gastrointestinal tract, excluding mouth (TA A05.3–7, TH H3.04.02-04, GA 11.1141)

Hypo- pharynx	Piriform sinus spaces: Peripharyngeal space Retropharyngeal space Parapharyngeal space Retrovisceral space Retropharyngeal space Danger space Prevertebral space Pterygomandibular raphe Pharyngeal raphe Buccopharyngeal fascia Pharyngobasilar fascia Pharyngeal muscles

Esophagus	UES LES Esophageal glands Serosa / Adventitia Muscular layer Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosa

Stomach	by region: Greater curvature Lesser curvature Angular incisure Cardia Body Fundus Pylorus Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal by layer: Serosa Muscular layer Pyloric sphincter Submucosa Gastric mucosa Muscularis mucosa Gastric rugae Gastric pits Gastric gland Cardiac glands Fundic glands Pyloric glands Goblet cell

Intestine: small

Layers	Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Circular folds Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosa Peyer's patches Intestinal villus Intestinal gland

Duodenum	Suspensory muscle Major duodenal papilla Minor duodenal papilla Duodenal cap Duodenojejunal flexure Brunner's glands

Jejunum	no substructures

Ileum	Terminal ileum Ileocecal valve

Intestine: large

Layers	Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Mucosa

Cecum	Vermiform appendix

Colon	ascending colon hepatic flexure transverse colon splenic flexure descending colon sigmoid colon continuous taenia coli haustra epiploic appendix

Rectum	Transverse folds of rectum Rectal ampulla

Anal canal	Anal columns Anal valves Anal sinuses Pectinate line Sphincter ani internus muscle Intersphincteric groove Sphincter ani externus muscle Anus

anat(t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug(A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

Anatomy of torso, digestive system: accessory digestive glands (TA A05.8–9, TH H3.04.05-07, GA 11.1188)

diaphragmatic surface: Bare area of the liver • Ligamentum venosum

visceral surface: Gastric impression • Duodenal impression • Colic impression • Renal impression • Suprarenal impression • Porta hepatis • Round ligament of liver

lobes: Left lobe • Right lobe (Caudate lobe, Quadrate lobe)

Fibrous capsule of Glisson • Perisinusoidal space • Liver sinusoid • Periportal space • Portal triad • Lobules of liver

cells: Hepatocyte · Hepatic stellate cell · Kupffer cell

Bile ducts	intrahepatic (from Bile canaliculus and Canals of Hering): Interlobular bile ducts • Left hepatic duct • Right hepatic duct extrahepatic: Common hepatic duct

Gallbladder	by region: Body • Fundus • Neck Cystic duct • Common bile duct Hepatopancreatic ampulla (Sphincter of ampulla) cells: Cholecystocyte

by region: Tail • Body • Neck • Head (Uncinate process)

ducts: Pancreatic duct • Accessory pancreatic duct

by function: Islets of Langerhans • Exocrine component of pancreas

cells: Centroacinar cell · Pancreatic stellate cell

anat(t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug(A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

Abdominopelvic cavity: Abdomen/Abdominal cavity and Pelvis/Pelvic cavity and Peritoneal cavity (TA A10, TH H3.04.08, GA 4.408 and GA 11.1147)

Extraperitoneal space

Retroperitoneal space · Retropubic space

Peritoneal ligaments,
mesenteries, and folds

Abdominal

From ventral mesentery	Lesser omentum: Hepatoduodenal ligament · Hepatogastric ligament Liver: Coronary ligament (Left triangular ligament, Right triangular ligament, Hepatorenal ligament) · Falciform ligament (Round ligament of liver and Ligamentum venosum in it, but not of it)

From dorsal mesentery	Greater omentum: Gastrophrenic ligament · Gastrocolic ligament · Gastrosplenic ligament Mesentery: Transverse mesocolon · Sigmoid mesocolon · Mesoappendix · Root of the mesentery Splenorenal ligament · Phrenicocolic ligament Folds: Umbilical folds (Supravesical fossa, Medial inguinal fossa, Lateral umbilical fold, Lateral inguinal fossa) · Ileocecal fold

Abdominal cavity	Greater sac · Omental bursa · Omental foramen

General	Cystohepatic triangle · Hepatorenal recess of subhepatic space · Abdominal wall (Inguinal triangle) Peritoneal recesses: Paracolic gutters · Paramesenteric gutters

Urogenital peritoneum

Uterus/ovaries	Broad ligament of the uterus (Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx, Mesometrium) · Ovarian ligament · Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Recesses	♂: Recto-vesical pouch · Pararectal fossa ♀: Recto-uterine pouch · Recto-uterine fold (Uterosacral ligament) · Vesico-uterine pouch · Ovarian fossa · Paravesical fossa

anat(t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug(A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

Prenatal development/mammalian embryogenesis · Development of the urinary and reproductive organs (GA 11.1204, TE E5.6-7)

Common urinary and
reproductive system

Mesoderm → Intermediate mesoderm

Mesoderm → Lateral plate mesoderm ("LPM")

Endoderm → Cloaca → Urogenital sinus ("US")

Endoderm+Ectoderm → Cloacal membrane

Urinary system
development

Nephrogenic cord → Kidney

Nephrotome → Pronephros · Mesonephros (Mesonephric tubules)

WD → Ureteric bud + Metanephrogenic blastema

US → Urinary bladder + Urethra + Primary urethral groove + Urachus

Reproductive system
development

Primarily internal	Gonadal ridge → Indifferent gonad → Gonadal cord (Cortical cords, Testis cords) Pronephric duct/Wolffian duct/mesonephric duct + Müllerian duct/paramesonephric ducts (Vaginal plate) US → Prostate or Skene's gland

Primarily external	LPM → Genital tubercle → Labioscrotal swelling → Scrotum or Labia majora LPM → Genital tubercle → Primordial phallus → Penis or Clitoris IM → Gubernaculum Peritoneum → Processus vaginalis or Canal of Nuck

Homologues

List of homologues of the human reproductive system

anat/phys/devp/cell

noco/acba/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, urte

proc/itvp, drug (G4B), blte, urte

M: ♀ FRS

noco/cong/npls, sysi/epon

proc/asst, drug (G1/G2B/G3CD)

M: ♂ MRS

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (G3B/4BE/4C)

Anatomy: urinary system (TA A08, TH H3.06, GA 11.1215)

Abdomen

Layers	Renal fascia Renal capsule Renal cortex Renal column Renal medulla Renal sinus Renal pyramids medullary interstitium Renal lobe Cortical lobule Medullary ray Nephron

Intrarenal arteries	Renal artery Segmental arteries Interlobar arteries Arcuate arteries Interlobular arteries Afferent arterioles

Renal tubule	Renal corpuscle Glomerulus Bowman's capsule Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Descending Thin ascending Thick ascending Distal convoluted tubule Connecting tubule Collecting ducts aka Duct of Belini Renal papilla Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis

Intrarenal veins	Efferent arterioles Peritubular capillaries/Vasa recta Arcuate vein Interlobar veins Renal vein

JGA	Macula densa Juxtaglomerular cells Mesangium/Extraglomerular mesangial cell

Filtration	Glomerular basement membrane Podocyte Filtration slits Mesangium/Intraglomerular mesangial cell Tubular fluid

Pelvis

Bladder	Apex Uvula Neck Median umbilical ligament Muscular layer Trigone Detrusor Mucosa Submucosa

Urethra	Urethral sphincters External sphincter muscle of male urethra External sphincter muscle of female urethra Internal sphincter muscle of urethra

anat/phys/devp/cell

noco/acba/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, urte

proc/itvp, drug (G4B), blte, urte

Male reproductive system (TA A09.3–4, TH H3.07.02, GA 11.1236)

Testes	layers Tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea Tunica vasculosa testis Appendix Mediastinum Lobules Septa Leydig cell Sertoli cell Blood-testis barrier

Spermatogenesis	Spermatogonium Spermatocytogenesis Spermatocyte Spermatidogenesis Spermatid Spermiogenesis Spermatozoon

Other	Seminiferous tubules Tubuli seminiferi recti Rete testis Efferent ducts Epididymis Appendix Stereocilia Paradidymis Spermatic cord Vas deferens Ampulla Ejaculatory duct

Accessory
glands

Penis	root Crus Bulb Fundiform ligament Suspensory ligament body Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum glans Foreskin Frenulum Corona fascia superficial/subcutaneous deep/Buck's Tunica albuginea Septum of the penis

Urinary tract	Internal urethral orifice Urethra Prostatic Intermediate Spongy Navicular fossa External urethral orifice Lacunae of Morgagni Urethral gland

Scrotum	layers skin Dartos External spermatic fascia Cremaster/Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia Perineal raphe

M: ♂ MRS

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (G3B/4BE/4C)

Female reproductive system (TA A09.1–2, TH H3.07.01, GA 11.1254)

Follicles	corpus hemorrhagicum luteum albicans Theca of follicle externa interna Follicular antrum Follicular fluid Corona radiata Zona pellucida Membrana granulosa Perivitelline space

Other	Germinal epithelium Tunica albuginea cortex Cumulus oophorus Stroma Medulla

Fallopian tubes

Wolffian vestiges

Regions	corpus/body Uterine cavity Fundus cervix/neck External orifice Canal of the cervix Internal orifice Supravaginal portion of cervix Vaginal portion of cervix Cervical ectropion Uterine horns

Layers	Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Parametrium

Ligaments	Round ligament of uterus Cardinal ligament Uterosacral ligament Pubocervical ligament

General	Uterine glands

Labium	Mons pubis Labia majora Anterior commissure Posterior commissure Pudendal cleft Labia minora Frenulum of labia minora Frenulum of clitoris Vulval vestibule Interlabial sulci Bulb of vestibule Vaginal orifice vestibular glands/ducts Bartholin's glands/Bartholin's ducts Skene's glands/Skene's ducts

Clitoris	Crus of clitoris Corpus cavernosa Clitoral glans Hood

Urethra	Urethral crest Lacunae of Morgagni

Other

M: ♀ FRS

noco/cong/npls, sysi/epon

proc/asst, drug (G1/G2B/G3CD)

Female breast (TA A16.0.02, GA 11.1267)

Areolar glands · Crista supraareolaris (only fusiform breast)

Lactiferous duct · Lobe

Forms

Mamma fusiformis · Mamma spherica · Mamma conica

Other

Intermammary cleft · Cooper's ligaments · Tail of Spence · Inframammary fold · Thelion

Human anatomy, endocrine system: endocrine glands (TA A11, TH H3.08, GA 11.1269)

Islets of pancreas

Alpha cell · Beta cell · Delta cell · PP cell · Epsilon cell

Hypothalamic/
pituitary axes
+parathyroid

Posterior pituitary	Pars nervosa · Median eminence · Infundibular stalk Pituicyte · Herring bodies

Anterior pituitary	Pars intermedia · Pars tuberalis · Pars distalis Acidophil cell (Somatotropic cell, Prolactin cell) · Basophil cell (Corticotropic cell, Gonadotropic cell, Thyrotropic cell) · Chromophobe cell

Thyroid gland	Thyroid isthmus · Lobes of thyroid gland · Pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland Follicular cell · Parafollicular cell

Parathyroid gland	Chief cell · Oxyphil cell

Adrenal axis:
Adrenal gland

Cortex	Zona glomerulosa · Zona fasciculata · Zona reticularis

Medulla	Medullary chromaffin cell

Gonad: Testes · Ovaries · Corpus luteum

Pinealocyte · Corpora arenacea

Other

Enteroendocrine cell · Paraganglia

anat/phys/devp/horm

noco(d)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (A10/H1/H2/H3/H5)

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