List of surviving veterans of the Spanish Civil War

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The following is a list of known surviving veterans of the Spanish Civil War (17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939). The total number of participating personnel is unknown, but an estimated 35,000 foreigners fought on the Republican side in what was known as the International Brigades. In addition, Adolf Hitler of Nazi Germany sent as many as 20,000 soldiers (not all at the same time) and Benito Mussolini of Italy sent as many as 60,000 soldiers to fight alongside the soldiers of Spanish General Francisco Franco.

Veterans, for this purpose, are defined as people who were members of the armed forces of one of the combatant forces up to and including the date recognized as the end of the War, which was 1 April 1939.

Contents

Republican Forces–12 veterans[edit]

Nationality Name Date of Birth Age Residence Force served Notes
Austria Landauer, Hans 01921-04-1919 April 1921 92 Austria International Brigade Joined on 12 February 1937. Wounded on 4 September 1937, in Fuendetodos. Arrested in November 1940 and sent to Dachau concentration camp. Lives in Oberwaltersdorf.[1]
Czechoslovakia Dufek, Karel 01916-01-2424 January 1916 97 Czech Republic International Brigade Joined in January 1937. Lieutenant-Colonel in Republican Army. Czechoslovak Ambassador in Brazil from 1968–1972.[2]
Finland Päiviö, Jules 01915-01-011915 98 Canada Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion Captured by Italian troops from March 1938 to spring 1939 being imprisoned in Burgos. Enlisted in World War II, but was prohibited from fighting on front due to Spanish veterans being treated as Communists. Professor and architect. Lives in Sudbury.[3][4][5]
Estonia Elman, Erik 01919-01-011919 94 Estonia International Brigade Joined in 1938. Volunteer in Republican Army at the Ebro front. Was in a concentration camp. 1941–1949 in Red Army (USSR).[6]
United Kingdom Hilton, Stanley 1910 103 Australia International Brigade [7][8]
USSR Kondrateva, Adelina 01920-02-1212 February 1920 93 Russia Red Army Military interpreter.[9]
USSR Zaitseva, Miroslava 01913-01-011913 100 Russia Red Army Military interpreter.[10]
Spain Morayta, Miguel 01907-08-1515 August 1907 105 Mexico Second Spanish Republic Was the youngest artillery officer in the Spanish military when the conflict started. Post war, left Spain for France and Africa, finally arriving in Mexico in 1941 where he started career as film director.[11]
Spain Macarro Castillo, Fernando (known as Marcos Ana) 01920-01-2020 January 1920 93 Spain Second Spanish Republic Mobilized in 1936. Secretary general of JSU of Alcala in Peguerinos's zone in 1936. Affiliated to Communist Party of Spain.[11]
Spain Gonzalez Francisco, Luis 01920-01-011920 93 United Kingdom International Brigade Volunteered in 1936. Was captured on 2 November 1938 in "Puebla de Masaluca" at 20:30 and was a prisoner of war until 1 April 1939.[citation needed]
United States Berg, Delmer 01915-12-2020 December 1915 97 United States Abraham Lincoln Brigade Volunteered in 1938. Served in anti-aircraft. Lives in Columbia, California.[12]
United States Hovan, John George 01916-01-011916 97 United States Abraham Lincoln Brigade Volunteered in 1937. Served as a Transport driver. Granted Spanish honorary citizenship on 9 July 2009. Lives in Providence, Rhode Island.[13]

Nationalist Forces—8 veterans[edit]

Nationality Name Date of Birth Age Residence Force served Notes
Germany Scholz, Günther 01911-12-088 December 1911 101 Germany Legion Condor, Luftwaffe Joined Navy in 1934. Commander of the 54th JG during World War II. Recipient of the German Cross in Gold. Writer.[14]
Spain Armada Comyn, Alfonso 01920-02-2020 February 1920 93 Spain Falange Enlisted aged 16. Later fought as a member of the Division Azul on the Eastern Front.[15][16]
Spain Gárate Córdoba, José María 01918-01-011918 95 Spain Nationalist Army Promoted to captain in 1942. Awarded four medals. Military historian, author, and teacher.[17]
Spain Álvarez Limia, José 01919-08-044 August 1919 93 Spain Nationalist Army Served in Barcelona. Writer.[18]
Spain de Riquer i Morera, Martí 01914-05-033 May 1914 99 Spain Spanish Legion Writer. President of the "Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona" since 1965.[19]
Spain Olivera, Faustino 01919-01-011919 94 Spain Nationalist Army Volunteered in 1937. Wounded on 11 November 1938. Had a bullet removed from his shoulder after 70 years. Lives in Barbastro.[20]
Spain Sierra, Luis de la 01920-01-011920 93 Spain Nationalist Navy Volunteered in 1937. Served on board the cruiser Almirante Cervera. After the war, he became a Spanish Navy officer. He is a notable naval historian, author of at least seven books about naval warfare.[21]
Spain Moldes, Belarmino 01917-08-2929 August 1917 95 Spain Nationalist Army Joined the nationalist army in 1935, he was a private first class,he was in the Engineer Corps. and later a chaplain. Joined the Blue Division in 1941 During World War II. He now resides in the suburbs of Madrid. He was born in Biobra a parish of Rubiá in Galicia (Spain) on 29 August 1917. He was in A Coruña in the first year of the war and in the last few years of the war he was in the Battle of Teruel in the last few months of the war until victory. He was in training in Asturias for the Nationalist Army in 1935. After WW2 he and his family left for Havana and came back to Spain a few years before Franco's death.[citation needed]

World Totals–20 veterans[edit]

  • Verified claims of Republican Forces (incl. International Brigades): 12
  • Verified claims of Nationalist Forces: 8

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Solinís, Pedro (October 2005). "La dignidad del resistente" (in Spanish). Mundo Obrero. Retrieved 21 November 2009. 
  2. ^ "podplukovník Karel Dufek (1916) - Životopis" (in Czech). Post Bellum. Retrieved 27 October 2010. 
  3. ^ Oinonen, Virpi. "Man of conviction". Vapaa Sana. Retrieved 20 October 2010. 
  4. ^ Mackey, Doug (25 April 2008). "Local Man in New Book on Spanish Civil War". Community Voices. Retrieved 27 October 2010. 
  5. ^ Mäkinen, Juha (October 2007). "On behalf of Spain" (in Finnish). Voima. Retrieved 26 October 2010. 
  6. ^ Leppik, Tatyana (17 June 2006). "Последний участник гражданской войны в Испании растит сад и пишет мемуары" (in Russian). Северное побережье. Retrieved 15 January 2011. 
  7. ^ http://www.international-brigades.org.uk/IBMT%202010_2.pdf
  8. ^ http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/aussie-man-becomes-last-civil-war-survivor/story-e6frf7k6-1226543071613
  9. ^ Владимир, ПОТОЦКИЙ (11 October 2008). "Испания встречает своих героев" (in Russian). Европейский русский альянс. Retrieved 2 October 2009. 
  10. ^ «Вечерка» объявляет акцию «Народный памятник» (in Russian)[dead link]
  11. ^ a b Regalado, Antonio (30 October 2009). "Miguel Morayta: Un olvido de cine". ABC. Retrieved 27 October 2010. 
  12. ^ Williams, Nadya (2 July 2012). "California Vets: Del Berg and Jim Benét" (in English). The Volunteer. Retrieved 31 December 2012. 
  13. ^ Abbruzzese of AP, Kelsey (9 July 2009). "American, 93, Honored as Spanish War Vet". CBS News. Retrieved 27 October 2010. 
  14. ^ "Im Einsatz über Europa Der Jagdflieger Günther Scholz erinnert" (in German). 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2010. 
  15. ^ Martínez Ínglés, Amadeo: 23-F. El golpe que nunca existió, Foca, Madrid, 2001. ISBN 84-95440-13-X
  16. ^ Aguilar, Miguel Angel (21 February 1982). "Hubo careo Suárez-Armada en el otoño de 1977" (in Spanish). El País. Retrieved 27 October 2010. 
  17. ^ Córdoba, José (1972). Mil días de fuego: Memorias documentadas de la guerra del treinta y seis. Caralt Editores. 
  18. ^ José Álvarez Limia's official website (in Spanish)
  19. ^ "Martín de Riquer" (in Spanish). Lecturalia. Retrieved 27 October 2010. 
  20. ^ Govan, Fiona (13 February 2008). "Spanish civil war veteran has bullet removed". Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 4 September 2009. 
  21. ^ Lago, José (3 October 2010). "Un Recuerdo al Capitán de Fragata Don Luis de la Sierra" (in Spanish). Historia Lago. Retrieved 27 October 2010. 

External links[edit]

Lists of known Spanish Civil War veterans' deaths by year

Numbers in brackets indicate the number of veterans known to die that year
Terminology
Issues
Records
Centenarians
Supercentenarians
War-related lists
Non-human
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