List of rulers of Monaco

Monaco

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The following is a chronological list of rulers of Monaco. Most belong to the House of Grimaldi; exceptions, which consist primarily of the principality's administrators under periods of foreign occupation, are noted.

Lords of Monaco

Name	Portrait	Reign start	Reign end	Notes
François Grimaldi		January 8, 12971		Though François seized the Rock, he was never ruler of Monaco.
Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes		January 8, 1297	April 10, 1301	François's cousin1
Under Genoese control from April 10, 1301 to September 12, 1331
Lords of Monaco (French: Seigneurs de Monaco)
Charles I		September 12, 1331	August 15, 1357	Joint rulers from June 29, 1352 to August 15, 1357
Antonio		June 29, 1352
Rainier II
Gabriel
Under Genoese control from August 15, 1357 to January 1395
Louis		January 1395	December 19, 1395	First of two reigns2; jointly with Jean I
Jean I				First of three reigns3; jointly with Louis
Under Genoese control from December 19, 1395 to May 11, 1397
Louis		May 11, 1397	November 5, 1402	Second of two reigns
Under Genoese control from November 5, 1402 to June 5, 1419
Ambroise of Menton		June 5, 1419	1427	Jointly with Antonie and Jean I
Antonie of Roquebrune				Jointly with Ambroise and Jean I
Jean I			October 3, 1436	Second of three reigns3; jointly with Ambroise and Antonie
Occupied by the Duchy of Milan under the governorship of Biagio Assereto from October 3, 1436 to November 1436
Jean I		November 1436	May 8, 1454	Third of three reigns
Catalan		May 8, 1454	July 1457
Claudine		July 1457	March 16, 1458
Pomellina Fregoso		July 1457	March 16, 1458	Regent for Lady Claudine
Lamberto		March 16, 1458	March 1494
Jean II		March 1494	October 11, 1505	Murdered by his brother, Lucien
Lucien		October 11, 1505	August 22, 1523	Assassinated by his nephew, Bartholomew Doria of Dolceacqua
Honoré I		August 22, 1523	October 7, 1581
Augustine Grimaldi		August 22, 1523	April 14, 1532	Regent for Honoré I
Nicholas Grimaldi		April 14, 1532	April 23, 1532
Étienne Grimaldi		April 23, 1532	December 16, 1540
Charles II		October 7, 1581	May 17, 1589
Hercule		May 17, 1589	November 29, 1604	Murdered
Honoré II		November 29, 1604	January 10, 1662	Though he started his rule as Lord of Monaco, Honoré II later became the first Prince of Monaco4.
Prince Francis Landi of Valdetare		November 29, 1604	1616	Regent for Honoré II

Princes of Monaco

Name	Portrait	Reign start	Reign end	Notes
Princes of Monaco (French: Princes de Monaco)
Honoré II		November 29, 1604	January 10, 1662	Though he started his rule as the last Lord of Monaco, Honoré II later became Prince of Monaco4. His independent sovereignty was first recognized by Spain in 1633 and by France in 1641.
Louis I		January 10, 1662	January 2, 1701	Louis I is not to be confused with Louis, an earlier Lord of Monaco2.
Antonio I		January 2, 1701	February 20, 1731
Louise Hippolyte		February 26, 1731	December 29, 1731
Count Jacques Goyon de Matignon of Thorigny		February 20, 1731	December 29, 1731	Regent for Louise Hippolyte until her death
Jacques I		December 29, 1731	November 7, 1733	Left the country on May 20, 1732. Abdicated
Honoré III		November 7, 1733	January 19, 1793
Antoine, Chevalier de Grimaldi		May 20, 1732	November 28, 1784	Regent for Jacques I until his abdication, then for Honoré III
National Convention		January 19, 1793	February 24, 1793	President: Joseph Barriera
Annexed by France on February 24, 1793; under French occupation until May 17, 1814
Armand Louis de Gontaut		February 24, 1793	March 1, 1793	French commandant
Henri Grégoire		March 1, 1793		French commissioners
Grégoire Marie Jagot
Under allied occupation from May 17, 1814 to June 17, 1814
Honoré IV		May 30, 1814	February 16, 1819
Joseph Grimaldi		June 17, 1814	June 23, 1814	Regent for Honoré IV
State Council of Monaco		June 23, 1814	March 4, 1819	Ruled on behalf of Honoré IV. Members: Louis Millo-Terrazzani Horace Pretti de Saint-Ambroise Antoine Sigaldi Joseph Rey Honoré Albini
Honoré Grimaldi		March 3, 1815	February 16, 1819	Regent for his father Honoré IV in his old age; became Honoré V upon his father's death
Honoré V		February 16, 1819	October 2, 1841
Florestan I		October 2, 1841	June 20, 1856
Charles III		June 20, 1856	September 10, 1889
Albert I		September 10, 1889	June 26, 1922
Louis II		June 26, 1922	May 9, 1949
Rainier III		May 9, 1949	April 6, 2005
Prince Albert, Marquis of Baux		March 31, 2005	April 6, 2005	The Crown Council of Monaco named Albert Regent for his father Rainier III while incapacitated; became Albert II upon his father's death
Albert II		April 6, 2005	Present

Notes

History of Monaco
This article is part of a series
Rock of Monaco
House of Grimaldi (List of rulers)
Franco-Monegasque Treaty

1. François Grimaldi is often cited as the principality's first ruler, though he was simply the leader of the group which seized the Rock of Monaco on 8 January 1297. François's cousin Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes, was, in fact, the first sovereign Grimaldi ruler of the area now known as Monaco. His successor Charles I, who retook the Rock after thirty years of Genoese rule, was the first true Lord of Monaco, and is thus widely considered the founder of the dynasty.
2. Three men named Louis have ruled Monaco: Louis, Lord of Monaco, twice in the 1390s and early 15th century; Prince Louis I from 1662 to 1701; and Prince Louis II from 1922 to 1949.
3. Jean I ruled or co-ruled for three separate periods. During the second, after the death of his co-ruler Antonie and the abdication of Ambroise in 1427, he continued as sole ruler, thus assuming a Roman numeral I in later historical texts.
4. Starting in 1612, Honoré II was the first Monegasque ruler to add the personal style of Prince to his former title, Lord of Monaco; this became official when Philip IV of Spain recognized Monaco as a principality in 1633. It may be added that, through possession of territories in Italy, the Grimaldi rulers of Monaco were already entitled to the designation of prince, in a personal capacity.

See also

• History of Monaco
• Prince of Monaco
• Line of succession to the Monegasque throne
• List of heirs to the Monegasque throne
• List of Monegasque consorts

References

• Burke's Royal Families of the World, Vol. 1: Europe and Latin America. London: Burke's Publishing Co., 1977. ISBN 0-85011-029-7.
• Cahoon, Benjamin. "Monaco". World Statesmen. http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Monaco.htm. Retrieved March 16, 2005. 
• Velde, François. "Monaco". Heraldica. http://www.heraldica.org/topics/national/monaco.htm. Retrieved March 25, 2005.