List of the kings of Georgia

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King of Georgia
Former Monarchy
Coat of Arms of the Bagrationi Dynasty.svg
Georgian Royal Coat of Arms
George XII of Georgia.jpg
King George XII of Georgia
First monarch Pharnavaz I / Bagrat III
Last monarch George XII / Solomon II
Style The Most High King, His/Her Royal Majesty, By the will of God, King of Kings and Queen of Queens of all Kartvelians,[1] Autocrat of all the East and the West, Glory of the World and Faith, Sword of the Messiah.[2][3][4]
Official residence Armazi
Mtskheta
Artanuji (now in Turkey)
Kutaisi
Tbilisi
Gremi
Telavi
Monarchy started 1120 BC
302 BC (official date)
575 AD
Language Georgian
Religion Paganism / Christianity
Monarchy ended 1801
Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti
1810
Kingdom of Imereti
Monarchy ended by Russia's annexation
Current pretender(s) Nugzar Bagration-Gruzinsky
(Gruzinsky line)
David Bagration of Mukhrani
(Mukhrani branch)
Nino Bagrationi of Imereti
(Imereti Branch)
Prince George Bagration Bagrationi
Issue of union of Bagrationi branches, born September 27, 2011
Line of succession to the former Georgian throne
Part of a series on
Georgians
ქართველები
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The
Kartvelian
people
Nation
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Ancient Kartvelian people
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Subgroups
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History of Georgia

This is a list of the Kings and Queens of the various kingdoms, principalities and duchies of Georgia until Russian annexation in 1801–1810.

Contents

Ancient kingdom of Diauehi [edit]

Ancient Kingdom of Diauehi/Diaokhi (დიაოხი, ტაოხი) emerged as a tribal union of early-Georgians[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] in 12th century BC.

Diauehi was the basis of the Georgian Kingdom of Tao-Klarjeti.

Kings of Diauehi [edit]

Ancient kingdom of Iberia [edit]

Main articles: Caucasian Iberia and Caucasian Iberians

Kingdom of Iberia (იბერიის სამეფო) was a Greek-Roman name of the ancient Georgian[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] kingdom of Kartli in Eastern Georgia which began about 302 BC[21][22] and fell to the Byzantines and Persians in 580. The lists of early Iberian kings are principally based on early medieval Georgian annals and is blended with legend and fact. Beginning with Artag (1st century BC), many of them are also attested by Roman/Byzantine, Armenian and Persian sources. There is also some lack of consistency about the dates of their reigns. The chronology below is given as per Javakhishvili, Toumanoff and other modern scholars.

Kings of Pharnavazid dynasty [edit]

Kings of Artaxiad dynasty [edit]

Kings of Pharnavazid dynasty [edit]

Kings of Arsacid dynasty [edit]

King Mirian III introduced Christianity into Georgia as an official religion in 319 AD.[26][27][28][29]

Kings of Chosroid dynasty [edit]

Flag of Iberia in 5th century, during the reign of King Vakhtang I Gorgasali.

Ancient kingdom of Colchis [edit]

Main articles: Colchis and Colchians

Colchis (კოლხეთის სამეფო) was an ancient Georgian[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][42][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] state, kingdom and region in Western Georgia.

The Kingdom of Colchis existed from the 14/13th to the 2nd centuries BC.

Kings of Colchis [edit]

  • Kuji, a presiding prince (Eristavi) of Egrisi under the authority of Pharnavaz I of Iberia (c. 302-237 BC) (according to the medieval Georgian annals).
  • Akes (Basileus Aku) (end of the 4th century BC), king of Colchis; his name is found on a coin issued by him.
  • Saulaces, King in the 2nd century BC.
  • Mithridates (fl. 65 BC), under the authority of Pontus.
  • Machares (fl. 65 BC), under the authority of Pontus.

Note: During his reign, the local chiefs, sceptuchi, continued to exercise some power. One of them, Olthaces, is mentioned by the Roman sources as a captive of Pompey in 65 BC.

  • Aristarchus (65-47 BC), a dynasty under the authority of Pompey.

Ancient kingdom of Egrisi [edit]

Kingdom of Egrisi/Lazica (ეგრისის სამეფო, ლაზიკა) was an ancient Georgian[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] monarchy.

The kingdom flourished between the 6th century BC and the 7th century.

Kings of Egrisi [edit]

  • Agros fl. c. 2nd century
  • Malaz fl. 130
  • Mirdat c. 360–c. 380
  • Baraz-Bakur c. 380–c. 395
  • To Iberia (Eastern Georgia) c. 395–c. 450
  • Gubazes I, attested c. 456–466
  • Damnazes, 521/522
  • Tzath I, attested 521/522 – 527/528
  • Opsites, dates of reign unknown, likely some time before 541
  • Gubazes II[59] c. 541–555
  • Tzathe II,[60] 556–?
  • To Byzantine Empire 570–c. 660
  • Barnuki I 660–c. 670
  • Grigori 670–c. 675
  • Barnuki II 675–691

Principate of Iberia [edit]

Part of a series on the
History of Georgia
Iberia-georgia-cellarius.jpg
Prehistory
Bronze Age
Classical antiquity
Early Middle Ages
Medieval monarchy
19th century onwards
Topics
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Persian and Byzantine conquest destroyed rule and replaced the hereditary king with a hereditary prince who continued to fight until they finally regained power with the dawn of the Arabs in the 7th century. The following is a list of those princes:

Princes of Iberia [edit]

Unified Kingdom of Georgia

The eventual victors in Georgia were of the house of Bagrationi, who claimed descent from the earlier dynasty. This family would rule Georgia and all Georgian kingdoms until the Russians annexed all of Georgia in the early 19th century.

House of Bagrationi [edit]

Main article: List of Bagrationi rulers of Georgia

Kings of Iberia [edit]

Kings of Hereti [edit]

  • Sumbat (815–840)[61]
  • Adarnase I (840–865)
  • Hama I (865–893)
  • Adarnase II (897–943)
  • Ishchanik (943–951)
  • Iany I (951–959)

Kings of Kakheti [edit]

Kings of Imereti [edit]

King Solomon I of Imereti.
King Solomon II, last King of Georgian Kingdom of Imereti until 1810.[65][66]

Kings of Abkhazia [edit]

King Bagrat III of Georgia.

Kings of Tao-Klarjeti [edit]

King David III of Tao.

Kings of All Georgia [edit]

Mongolian Conquest 1292-1310

Kings of Kartli [edit]

King George XI of Kartli.
King Vakhtang VI of Kartli.

The Kings of Georgia retained the largest portion of the divided kingdom which reverted to its old name of Kartli. Kingdom of Imereti and Kakheti emerged as the other Bagrationi kingdoms created out of the division.

Annexation to Kakheti 1630-1634

Annexation to Kakheti 1668-1691

  • George XI (1691–1695)

Annexation to Kakheti 1695-1703

  • George XI (1703–1709)
  • Kaikhusro (1709–1711)

Interregnum 1711-1714

Kings of Kartli and Kakheti [edit]

Flag of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti.[by whom?]

Upon Jesse's death and with help from the Persians, the two neighboring kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti were united[68] once more. Imereti remained independent until its annexation by Russia in 1810.

Annexation of Kakheti and Kartli to Russia by Emperor Paul I before coronation, 1801.

Annexation of Georgian kingdoms by Russia and last kings of Georgia [edit]

Annexation of Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti [edit]

On September 12, 1801 Russian Empire annexed Georgian Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti. By the following April 1802, Russian troops took control of the country’s administration and in February 1803 heir David Bagrationi was escorted by force by Russian troops from Tbilisi to St. Petersburg.[69][70]

Last King of Kartli and Kakheti

Annexation of kingdom of Imereti [edit]

Other Georgian Kingdom of Imereti was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1810.

Last King of Imereti

The various branches of the Bagrationi dynasty of Georgian kings survived in Georgia under Russian occupation. However, many members were forced to flee the country and live in exile after the Red Army took control of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921 and installed the Georgian Communist Party. Since Georgia regained independence in 1990 the former royals have raisede their profile and in 2008 the two rival branches of the dynasty were united in marriage.[71]

Georgian royal family today [edit]

Georgia's monarchic tradition traces its origins to the Hellenistic[72] period, which has left an enduring legacy. Its dynasty's rule ended with the annexation of Georgian lands by the Russian Empire early in the 19th century, although several branches of the family survive. Restoration was considered by various royalist groups throughout the 20th century. Although Georgia’s post-Soviet politics have operated in the framework of a presidential republic since the nation regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the debate on monarchy, particularly its constitutional form, has never completely ceased.

Constitutional monarchy and dynastic restoration debate [edit]

Debate of constitutional monarchy was revitalized by the political crisis in Georgia late in 2007. The October 7, 2007 sermon of Catholicos-Patriarch Ilia II, popular head of the Georgian Orthodox Church, gave new impetus to an old option. The patriarch, who has always sympathized with the idea of constitutional monarchy, said, during his Sunday service at the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, that the restoration of the royal dynasty was a "desirable dream of the Georgian people". He also emphasized that if the Georgian people chose this model of governance, "a candidate to the crown should be selected among representatives of the royal dynasty, and he should be suitably raised to be King from childhood."[73][74][75]

Last Georgian King George XII of Georgia. Russia abolished Georgian Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti by annexing it in 1801.[76] Georgian royal dynasty of Bagrationi were deported and forced to flee the kingdom. But the direct branch of Georgian royal family continues until this day and topic of restoring monarchy is highly discussed in Georgian society.

Although the Patriarch’s sympathies toward the monarchy were not new to the ears of regular parishioners, several opposition parties immediately seized on the opportunity to advance their slogan "Georgia without a President", a reference to the model of parliamentary rule advocated by the Georgian opposition. Many politicians expressed their support for a constitutional monarchy, with a transitional stage in the form of a parliamentary republic.[77]

There has been a broad welcome from the opposition to Illia II's call to consider establishing a constitutional monarchy. “We, most opposition parties, believe that we should have a parliamentary form of government and its perfect form is a constitutional monarchy,” MP Zviad Dzidziguri of the Conservative Party said on October 8. “I always supported a constitutional monarchy, as an appropriate form of government for Georgia,” Salome Zourabichvili, the leader of Georgia’s Way, told reporters. Labor Party leader Shalva Natelashvili said on October 8 that his party also supports the proposal. Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, the leader of the opposition Freedom Party, said the proposal was “extremely positive.” The New Rights Party, in a statement issued on October 8, said that Georgia should be a constitutional monarchy. A lawmaker from the ruling party, Vakhtang Balavadze, said the issue should only be considered after the restoration of the country’s territorial integrity.[78]

The authorities' response to the calls for a monarchy was restrained. Nino Burjanadze, a chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia, expressed skepticism about the idea and stated that Georgia will not be able to decide on such an important issue until its territorial integrity is restored, referring to the secessions in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. President Mikheil Saakashvili, having jokingly remarked on his remote Bagratid ancestry, said that "serious considerations are necessary of this issue so that we do not add new problems to the already existing ones."[73] Mr Saakashvili said: “My grandmother was also a Bagrationi. I say it for people, who want to restore the monarchy. It would be even better because we would avoid the need for elections and would decide everything based on family traditions,” Saakashvili told Georgian reporters in Finland on October 12.[79] “Of course, I am joking,” he quickly added, saying it was unfortunate that he had to stress that because “the opposition lacks a sense of humor.” Giga Bokeria, an influential member of the parliament from Saakashvili’s United National Movement, tried to soft-pedal the Patriarch’s statement: "The patriarch didn’t suggest establishing monarchy today. He meant this may happen after Georgia resolves its fundamental problems."[74] He later alleged that the opposition’s call for a constitutional monarchy was merely a populist move: "they speak about constitutional monarchy here and do not say anything about it abroad. This is their double-standard policy."[80] Ilia II himself has avoided further comment on the topic.[74]

Meanwhile, the opposition New Rights party, which stood aside from the anti-government demonstrations staged by a coalition of ten opposition parties in October and November 2007, became the only major political group to add a more nuanced view on the establishment of a constitutional monarchy to their agenda. They issued a special declaration supporting the idea and proposing to hold a referendum on the issue, a suggestion which was also included in the pre-election campaign of David Gamkrelidze,[81] a candidate from the New Rights/Industrialists bloc for the early presidential elections held on January 5, 2008.[73][74]

A monarchy option has always caused an ambiguous resonance in Georgia. On the one hand, the monarchy is considered a symbol of Georgian unity and independence, and on the other hand it belongs to a remote past, with a significant gap of more than 200 years in monarchic tradition. Thus, according to one survey conducted back in 1998, only 16.3% of 828 respondents believed that a monarchy would be a good or very good form of government for Georgia when asked how suitable they think various types of government were or would be for Georgia.[82]

The supporters of constitutional monarchy continue to argue that this form of state would best protect the interests of citizens of Georgia; a monarch "would reign not rule", and act as a safeguard of stability and national unity.[74] They see the return to monarchy as a "historical justice", referring to the fact that the native royal dynasty has never been rejected or overthrown by the Georgian people, but was dispossessed by a foreign power (i.e., Russia).[73][83]

Mukhrani branch of the Bagrationi [edit]

Jorge de Bagration,[84][85][86][87][88][89] father of David Bagration of Mukhrani.

In 1942 Prince Irakli Bagrationi-Mukhraneli, of the genealogically senior branch of the dynasty, proclaimed himself Head of the Royal House of Georgia,[90] in the absence of evidence that Bagrationis of the Kakhetian branch (which had reigned until 1801) still survived in the Soviet Union. He founded the Union of Georgian Traditionalists in exile. His second wife, Maria Antonietta Pasquini, daughter of Ugo, Count di Costafiorita, bore him a son and heir, but died in childbirth in February 1944. In August 1946 the widower married Princess María Mercedes de Baviera y Borbón, a granddaughter of King Alfonso XII, and daughter of Don Fernando de Baviera y Borbón, who had renounced his royal rights in Bavaria to become a naturalised infante in Spain.

Beginning in the 1990s, senior members of the Bagrationi-Mukhrani descendants began re-patriating to Georgia from Spain, ending generations of exile. Irakli's elder son, Prince Georgi Bagrationi-Mukhraneli, was officially recognized by government and church leaders when he brought his father's remains from Spain to rest with those of his ancestors in Svetitskhoveli Cathedral at Mtskheta in 1995, and took up residence in Tbilisi in 2005, where he died.[91] His eldest son, Prince Irakli (Heraclius, born 1972), moved to Georgia in 1999 and, although previously embraced as a future pretender[92] to the throne by some Georgian monarchists, has moved back to Spain and deferred his own dynastic claim, since the death of his father in 2008, to that of his younger brother, Prince Davit (born 1976).[90] Davit took up residence in Tbilisi, obtained Georgian citizenship, claimed the Mukhraneli dynastic titles, and became Head of the Family Council.[90] The Bagration Mukhraneli is the senior surviving legitimate branch of the Bagration patrilineage,[93] descending directly from King Constantine II of Georgia. Nonetheless, mitigating the claim of Prince David Bagrationi-Mukhraneli to the Georgian throne is the fact that the Mukhraneli branch has not reigned as kings in Georgia since the 18th century,[91]

Princes of Mukhrani (1512–1801)

Irakli III, Irakli Bagration of Mukhrani,[94] father of Jorge de Bagration.

Heads of the Princely House of Mukhrani (1801–Present)

Royal Coat of Arms of Bagrationi of Imereti Branch.

Imereti branch of the Bagrationi [edit]

The former Head of the House of Imereti was Princess Nino Bagrationi[99] (born 1915, married Prince Avtandil Japaridze 1944,[100] deceased in 2009). Princess Nino was the only daughter of Prince David Bagrationi of Imereti (1894–1937) the last surviving heir male of Alexander V of Imereti and last legitimate pretender to the princely line. Princess Nino was the President of the Bagrationi Society. During the debate on the restoration of the unified Georgian Monarchy she was reported to favour the claims of Prince Nugzar Bagration-Gruzinsky,[101] however, her views after the dynastic marriage between the rival Gruzinsky and Mukhrani branches of the Bagrationi Dynasty were not known before her death.

Gruzinsky branch of the Bagrationi [edit]

Nugzar Bagration-Gruzinsky,[102][103] father of Anna Bagrationi.

Prince Nugzar Petrovich Bagration-Gruzinski (born 1950) is the most senior, known patrilineal descendant of Georgia's last king, George XII and is, as such, head of the Kakhetian branch of the dynasty which, although genealogically junior to the Mukhranelis, has reigned more recently, not having lost the throne of Georgia until 1800.[93][104] Nugzar is well known in Georgia because he has lived his entire life in Tbilisi, and experienced with other Georgians both the country's subordination to the Soviet regime and its liberation since 1991. He is a theatrical and cinema director, and his father, Prince Petre Bagration-Gruzinski (1920–1984), was a poet, and authored lyrics to the anthem, "Song of Tiflis".[104]

The name "Gruzinsky" (also spelled Gruzinski, or Gruzinskii) derives from Russian, originally and literally meaning "of Georgia". These families are:

Patrilineal Descent

  1. Queen Tamar of Georgia, 1166–1213
  2. George IV of Georgia,[107]
  3. David VII of Georgia, 1215–1270
  4. Demetre II of Georgia, 1259–1289
  5. George V of Georgia, 1286–1346
  6. David IX of Georgia, died 1393
  7. Bagrat V of Georgia, died 1393
  8. Constantine I of Georgia, 1369–1412
  9. Alexander I of Georgia, 1389–1446
  10. George VIII of Georgia, died 1476
  11. Alexander I of Kakheti, died 1511
  12. George II of Kakheti, died 1513[63][64]
  13. Levan I of Kakheti, died 1574
  14. Alexander II of Kakheti, died 1605
  15. David I of Kakheti, died 1602
  16. Teimuraz I of Kakheti, died 1663
  17. Prince David of Kakheti, died 1648
  18. Erekle I of Kakheti, died 1709
  19. Teimuraz II of Kakheti, died 1762
  20. Erekle II of Georgia, died 1798
  21. George XII of Georgia, died 1800
  22. Prince Bagrat Bagrationi of Georgia, died 1841
  23. Prince Alexander Gruzinsky, died 1865
  24. Prince Petre Aleksandrovich Gruzinsky, died 1922
  25. Prince Petre Gruzinsky died 1984
  26. Prince Nugzar Bagration-Gruzinsky
  • Daughters:
    • Princess Anna Bagration-Gruzinsky, b. Tbilisi November 1, 1976. Married firstly to Grigori Malania and had two daughters with him, Princesses of Georgia Irine and Miriam Bagrationi-Gruzinskis, and secondly, to Prince David Bagration of Mukhrani with whom she has a son, Prince Giorgi Bagration Bagrationi (See United Branch and Royal Birth below).
    • Princess Maya Bagration-Gruzinsky,[108] b. Tbilisi January 2, 1978. She married Nicholas Chichinadze and has two children with him, Temur and Anna Chichinadze.

Marriage unites Bagrationi branches [edit]

Prince David Bagrationi Mukhraneli and Princess Anna Bagrationi-Gruzinska.[109][110]

Prince Nugzar's daughter, Princess Anna, a divorced teacher and journalist with two daughters, married Prince David Bagrationi-Mukhraneli, on 8 February 2009 at the Tbilisi Sameba Cathedral.[111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118] The marriage united the Gruzinsky and Mukhrani branches of the Georgian royal family, and drew a crowd of 3,000 spectators, officials, and foreign diplomats, as well as extensive coverage by the Georgian media.[119]

The dynastic significance of the wedding lay in the fact that, amidst the turmoil in political partisanship that has roiled Georgia since its independence in 1991, Patriarch Ilia II of Georgia publicly called for restoration of the monarchy as a path toward national unity in October 2007.[120] Although this led some politicians and parties to entertain the notion of a Georgian constitutional monarchy, competition arose among the old dynasty's princes and supporters, as historians and jurists debated which Bagrationi has the strongest hereditary right to a throne that has been vacant for two centuries. Although some Georgian monarchists support the Gruzinsky branch's claim, others support that of the re-patriated Mukhrani branch.[120] Both branches descend from the medieval kings of Georgia down to Constantine II of Georgia who died in 1505,[93] and continue in unbroken, legitimate male line into the 21st century.

Whereas the Bagration-Mukhrani were a cadet branch of the former Royal House of Kartli, they became the genealogically seniormost line of the Bagrationi family in the early 20th century: yet this elder branch had lost the rule of Kartli by 1724,[93] retaining that of the Principality of Mukhrani until its annexation by Russia along with Kartli-Kakheti in 1800.

Meanwhile, the Bagration-Gruzinsky line, although junior to the Princes of Mukhrani genealogically, reigned over the kingdom of Kakheti, re-united the two realms in the kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti in 1762, and did not lose sovereignty until Russian annexation in 1800.[121]

The bridegroom is the only member of his branch who retains Georgian citizenship and residence since the death of his father, Prince George Bagrationi-Mukhraneli in 2008. Aside from his unmarried elder brother, Prince Davit is the heir male of the Bagrationi family, while the bride's father is the most senior descendant of the last Bagrationi to reign over the united kingdom of Georgia. Since Nugzar and Princes Peter and Eugene Bagrationi-Gruzinsky are the last patrilineal males descended from King George XII, and all three were born before 1950, their branch verges on extinction. But the marriage between Nugzar Gruzinsky's heiress and the Mukhrani heir resolves their rivalry for the claim to the throne, which has recently divided Georgian monarchists.

Order of Succession [edit]

Styles of
ანა ბაგრატიონ გრუზინსკი
Princess Anna Bagrationi Gruzinsky
Cropped Bagratids coat of Arms.png
Reference style Her Royal Highness
Spoken style Your Royal Highness
Alternative style Kal-Batono
Styles of
Cropped Bagratids coat of Arms.png
Reference style Prince
Spoken style Prince
Alternative style Batono

House of Bagrationi Gruzinsky Branch[122][123][124][125][126][127]

  1. Princess Anna Nugzaris asuli Bagration-Gruzinsky of Georgia (b. Tbilisi 1.11.1976)
  2. Princess Irine Bagrationi-Gruzinski of Georgia (elder daughter of Pss. Anna of Georgia)
  3. Princess Mariam Bagrationi-Gruzinski of Georgia (younger daughter of Pss. Anna of Georgia)
  4. Prince Giorgi Bagration-Bagrationi (born 27.9.2011)
  5. Princess Maya Nugzaris asuli Bagration-Gruzinsky (b. Tbilisi 2.1.1978)
  6. Princess Dali Petres asuli Bagration-Gruzinsky (b. Tbilisi 17.10.1939)
  7. Princess Mzevinar Petres asuli Bagration-Gruzinsky (born 15.9.1945)
  8. Prince Petre Bagration-Gruzinsky (born 1916)
  9. Prince Evgeni Bagration-Gruzinsky (born 1947)
  10. Princess Marina Bagration-Gruzinsky (born 1950)
  11. Princess Ekaterina Bagration-Gruzinsky (born 1956)

House of Bagrationi Mukhraneli Branch[128]

  1. Prince Giorgi Bagration-Bagrationi (born 27.9.2011)
  2. Prince Gurami Ugo Bagration-Mukhranski (born 1985)
  3. Princess María Antonietta Bagration-Mukhranski (born 1969)
  4. Prince Bagrat Bagration-Mukhranski (born 1949)
  5. Prince Juan Jorge Bagration-Mukhranski (born 1977)
  6. Princess Inès Bagration-Mukhranski (born 1980)
  7. Princess Maria Bagration-Mukhranski (born 1947)

Issue of united Bagrationi branches [edit]

Styles of
გიორგი ბაგრატიონ ბაგრატიონი
Prince Giorgi Bagrationi of Bagrationi
Cropped Bagratids coat of Arms.png
Reference style His Royal Highness
Spoken style Your Royal Highness
Alternative style Batono

Prince David and Princess Anna became the parents of a baby boy on September 27, 2011, Prince Giorgi Bagration Bagrationi (გიორგი ბაგრატიონ ბაგრატიონი)[129][130][131][132][133][134][135] who, in his person, potentially unites the Mukhrani and Gruzinsky claims. If no other Bagrationi prince is born in either the Gruzinsky or Mukhrani branch who is of senior descent by primogeniture, and he survives those now living, Prince Giorgi will become the heir male of the House of Bagrationi and the heir general of George XIII of Georgia[136][137][138][139][140][141][142]

Prince Giorgi Bagration (Bagrationi) was born weighing three kilograms and 700 grams at 22:40 p.m. on September 27, 2011, in Madrid, Kingdom of Spain.[143]

Gallery of Georgian monarchs [edit]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Georgians
  2. ^ Lordkipanidze (1987), p. 157.
  3. ^ Eastmond (1998), p. 135.
  4. ^ Rapp (2003), p. 422.
  5. ^ Frederic P. Miller История Грузии Год:2010 ISBN 978-613-1-74942-1
  6. ^ C. Burney, Die Bergvölker Vorderasiens, Essen 1975, 274
  7. ^ (Georgian) დიაოხის (დიაენის, ტაოს) სამეფო
  8. ^ Georgia. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 14, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service
  9. ^ A. G. Sagona. Archaeology at the North-East Anatolian Frontier, p. 30.
  10. ^ G. L. Kavtaradze. An Attempt to Interpret Some Anatolian and Caucasian Ethnonyms of the Classical Sources, p. 80f.
  11. ^ R. G. Suny. The Making of the Georgian Nation, p. 6.
  12. ^ История Грузии с древнейших времен до наших дней
  13. ^ Course of Ancient Geography, Henry Immanuel Smith, p. 279.
  14. ^ The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Geoffrey Greatrex, Samuel N. C. Lieu, p. 82
  15. ^ The Emperor Domitian, Brian W. Jones, p. 156.
  16. ^ Ronald Grigor Suny. The Making of the Georgian Nation. Indiana University Press, p. 13 ISBN 0-253-20915-3.
  17. ^ William Coffman McDermott, Wallace Everett Caldwell. Readings in the History of the Ancient World. p. 404.
  18. ^ Болтунова А. И., Описание Иберии в «Географии» Страбона, «Вестник древней истории», 1947, № 4;
  19. ^ Thomson, R.W. Rewriting Caucasian History (1996) ISBN 0-19-826373-2
  20. ^ William Coffman McDermott, Wallace Everett Caldwell. Readings in the History of the Ancient World. str. 404.
  21. ^ Rapp, p. 276.
  22. ^ Rapp, p. 274.
  23. ^ Lang, David Marshall. Georgia. p. 515.
  24. ^ By traditional accounts King Pharnavaz I invented the Georgian alphabet for Georgian language in 3rd century BC.
  25. ^ a b c d Toumanoff, Cyril (1967). Studies in Christian Caucasian History, p. 101. Georgetown University Press.
  26. ^ The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300, E. Glenn Hinson, p 223
  27. ^ Georgian Reader, George Hewitt, p. xii
  28. ^ Ethiopia, the Unknown Land: A Cultural and Historical Guide, by Stuart Munro-Hay, p. 234
  29. ^ Prayers from the East: Traditions of Eastern Christianity, Richard Marsh, p. 3
  30. ^ a b c Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts, p. 292. Peeters Bvba ISBN 90-429-1318-5.
  31. ^ Thomson, Robert W. (1996), Rewriting Caucasian History, p. 156. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-826373-2
  32. ^ Gamkrelidze, Tamaz; Ivanov, Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich; Winter, Werner (transl. by Nichols, Johanna; 1995), Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: a reconstruction and historical analysis of a proto-language and a proto-culture, p. 416. M. de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-009646-3
  33. ^ Martindale, John Robert (1992), The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, p. 169. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-07233-6.
  34. ^ Toumanoff, Cyril (1963), Studies in Christian Caucasian History, pp. 264, 372-374. Georgetown University Press.
  35. ^ Martindale, John Robert (1992), The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, p. 169. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-07233-6.
  36. ^ Martindale, John Robert (1992), The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, p. 967. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-07233-6.
  37. ^ Hewitt, B. G., "L'applicazione valida e non-valida della filosofia alla storia", in Revue des Etudes Georgiennes et Caucasiennes, 6-7, 1990-1991, 247-263
  38. ^ Marc Van de Mieroop, A History of the Ancient near East, C. 3000 - 323 BC, p 265
  39. ^ Ronald Grigol Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation, p 9
  40. ^ Georgia in Antiquity: A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562, David Braund Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. Pp. 359
  41. ^ The Making of the Georgian Nation, Ronald Grigor Suny, p. 13
  42. ^ a b Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War, Stuart J. Kaufman, p. 91
  43. ^ Cyril Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, p 69
  44. ^ One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups, James Minahan, p. 282
  45. ^ Marc Van de Mieroop, A History of the Ancient near East, C. 3000–323 BC, p 265
  46. ^ Charles Burney and David Marshal Lang, The Peoples of the Hills: Ancient Ararat and Caucasus, p. 38
  47. ^ Oliver Wardrop, The Kingdom Of Georgia: Travel In A Land Of Women, Wine And Song (Kegan Paul Library of History and Archaeology)
  48. ^ David Braund, Georgia in Antiquity: A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562, Oxford University Press, USA (September 8, 1994)
  49. ^ W.E.D. Allen, A history of the Georgian people (1932), p. 123
  50. ^ The Great Soviet Encyclopedia:Значение слова "Колхи" в Большой Советской Энциклопедии
  51. ^ Fähnrich, 1993, S. 97 ff.
  52. ^ Fähnrich, 1993, S. 88 f.
  53. ^ Fähnrich, 1993, S. 80 ff.
  54. ^ Fähnrich, 1993, S. 74 ff.
  55. ^ Западная Грузия — Эгриси (Лазика) в IV—V веках
  56. ^ David Braund, Georgia in Antiquity: A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562, Oxford University Press, USA (September 8, 1994) p 27
  57. ^ W.E.D. Allen, A history of the Georgian people (1932), p. 276.
  58. ^ p.ej. The Vitae of the Georgian Kings, de Leonti Mroweli
  59. ^ Toumanoff 1980, pp. 78–85.
  60. ^ Toumanoff (1963), p. 255.
  61. ^ Papuashvili, T. Problems of Heretian history. Tbilisi, 1970
  62. ^ In surviving manuscripts the title is given as The Passion of the Holy and Glorious Martyr Archil, King of Kartli (წამებაჲ წმიდისა და დიდებულისა მოწამისა არჩილისი, რომელი ესე იყო მეფე ქართლისაჲ, ts'amebay ts'midisa da didebulisa mots'amisa archilisi, romeli ese ik'o mepe k'art'lisay). Though the title of the work identifies its subject as "the king of Kartli", the text itself does not directly refer to Archil as "king" and this title is not apparently used here in a literal sense. Rapp, p. 471.
  63. ^ a b Mikaberidze, Alexander (2007). Giorgi II (Kakheti). Dictionary of Georgian National Biography. Accessed October 5, 2007.
  64. ^ a b (Russian) Вахушти Багратиони (Vakhushti Bagrationi) (1745). История царства грузинского. Возникновение и жизнь Кахети и Эрети. Ч.1. Accessed October 5, 2007.
  65. ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, p. 64. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-20915-3
  66. ^ (Georgian) სოლომონ II (Solomon II). People.Istoria.Ge. Accessed September 23, 2007.
  67. ^ a b c d e f g Non-Bagrationi monarch.
  68. ^ Eur, Imogen Bell (2002). Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003. Taylor & Francis. p. 170. ISBN 1-85743-137-5. 
  69. ^ Baddeley, JF, Gammer M (INT) (2003), The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus, Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-7007-0634-8 (First published in 1908; 1999 edition, reprinted in 2003)
  70. ^ Lang, DM (1957), The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy: 1658-1832, New York: Columbia University Press
  71. ^ The Bagrationi (Bagration) Dynasty History
  72. ^ From 323 BC to about 146 BC
  73. ^ a b c d Zaza Jgharkava (October 18, 2007). Will a Constitutional Monarchy Be Restored in Georgia?. Georgia Today, Issue #379.
  74. ^ a b c d e Giorgi Lomsadze (December 18, 2007). Time for a King for Georgia?. EurasiaNet Civil Society.
  75. ^ Georgian Church Calls for Constitutional Monarchy
  76. ^ Another Georgian Kingdom of Imereti was annexed into Russia in 1810.
  77. ^ Jamestown The Jamestown Foundation
  78. ^ Politicians Comment on Constitutional Monarchy Proposal
  79. ^ Saakashvili Jokingly Remarks on Constitutional Monarchy
  80. ^ Nino Khutsidze (October 31, 2007). 'No Compromise on Elections Date' (An interview with Giga Bokeria). Civil Georgia.
  81. ^ (Georgian) პოლიტიკური გაერთიანება "ახალი მემარჯვენეების" დეკლარაცია საქართველოში კონსტიტუციური მონარქიის აღდგენის მიზანშეწონილობის შესახებ
  82. ^ Silvia Iacuzzi (2002). Popular Support for Democracy in Georgia, p. 96. ISBN 3-8311-3981-4.
  83. ^ Declaration of New Rights Party regarding advisability of re-establishing the Constitutional Monarchy in Georgia. The New Rights Party. October 8, 2007.
  84. ^ Born in Rome, Italy / Died in Tbilisi, Georgia
  85. ^ (Russian) Скончался царевич Георгий Хорхе Багратиони (Prince Jorge Bagration died). News Georgia. January 16, 2008.
  86. ^ (Spanish)Fallece Jorge Bagration, piloto español de rallys y heredero del trono de Georgia. LaVanguardia.es January 16, 2008.
  87. ^ Fallece Jorge de Bagration, heredero al trono de Georgia y ex piloto español La Nueva España
  88. ^ Royal Cello
  89. ^ Jorge de Bagration. Su trayectoria en fotos.
  90. ^ a b c Buyers, Christopher. "Mukhrani, The Bagrationi (Bagration) Dynasty Genealogy". The Royal Ark. Retrieved 2009-01-11. 
  91. ^ a b Marrin, Minette (2008-02-02). "Prince George Bagration of Mukhrani, Claimant to the throne of Georgia who became well known in Spain as a motor racing and rally driver". The Times (London). Retrieved 2008-02-09. 
  92. ^ Georgian monarchy and future pretenders London The Times
  93. ^ a b c d Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, 1980, "Burke’s Royal Families of the World: Volume II Africa & the Middle East, pp. 59-65 ISBN 0-85011-029-7
  94. ^ (Georgian) 21 მარტი ირაკლი ბაგრატიონ-მუხრანელის დაბადების დღეა
  95. ^ Irakli Bagrationi of Mukhrani Photo
  96. ^ (Georgian) ირაკლი ბაგრატიონ მუხრანელი სურათი
  97. ^ (Georgian) ირაკლი ბაგრატიონის სახელობის ფონდი ირაკლი ბაგრატიონის სახელობის საქველმოქმედო ფონდი თბილისში 2007 წლის 3 დეკემბერს დაარსდა
  98. ^ Buyers, Christopher (2008). The Bagration-Mukhrani dynasty. Royal Ark. Retrieved on 2008-05-24.
  99. ^ (Georgian) ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია ტ. 5 გვ. 115
  100. ^ Marek, Miroslav. "Branch of Bagrationis from Imereti Kingdom". Genealogy.EU. [self-published source][better source needed]
  101. ^ EurasiaNet, Civil Society, Time for a king of Georgia?, Giorgi Lomsadze, 10th December 2007
  102. ^ Born in Tbilisi, Georgia
  103. ^ Nugzar Bagrationi of Gruzinsky Childhood Photo
  104. ^ a b Buyers, Christopher. "Kakheti, The Bagration Dynasty Genealogy". The Royal Ark. Retrieved 2009-01-11. 
  105. ^ (Russian) Грузинские, Russian Biographic Lexicon. Retrieved on January 10, 2008.
  106. ^ Guy Stair Sainty (ed.). Bagration (Georgia). Almanach de la Cour. Retrieved on January 10, 2008.
  107. ^ Marek, Miroslav. "Gruzinsky: Royal Branch". Genealogy.EU. [self-published source][better source needed]
  108. ^ (Georgian) მაია ბაგრატიონ-გრუზინსკი - მე უარს ვამბობ მეფის ასულობაზე ავტორი: ნიკოლოზ დემეტრაძე ცხელი შოკოლადი
  109. ^ Royal Wedding of Bagrationis
  110. ^ Anna Bagrationi has two daughters from previous marriage
  111. ^ Davide de Bagration de Moukhrani Anne de Bagration Grouzinskie Tbilissi
  112. ^ Georgian Royal Family Royal Dish
  113. ^ "Georgia's royal wedding". The Daily Telegraph (London). 8 February 2009. 
  114. ^ (Spanish) El español David Bagration celebra una auténtica boda real Noticias en español
  115. ^ (Spanish) El principe de Georgia David Bagrationi-Mukhraneli, nacido en España con su esposa la princesa Anna Bagrationi-Gruzinsky antes de su boda en Agencia EFE
  116. ^ (Swedish) Kungahuset av Georgien Rektor för svenska rektoratet av kungahuset av Georgien
  117. ^ Bagrationi-Mukhraneli, Anna Bagrationi-Gruzinsky Pictures & Photos Sulekha.com
  118. ^ Head of Georgian Royal Family and princess Anna Gruzinsky tie knots People's Daily Online
  119. ^ (Spanish) Primera boda real en dos siglos reagrupa dos ramas de la dinastía Bagration Misha Vignanski 8 Feb (EFE), El Confidencial
  120. ^ a b Time for a King for Georgia?
  121. ^ Wedding of the two royal dynasties members Georgia Times
  122. ^ Stanislav Dumin, "Tsars and Tsarevitchs of the United Kakheti and Kartli: T.S.H. Princes Gruzinsky (the Royal branch)", The Families of the Nobility of the Russian Empire, Volume III, Moscow, 1996
  123. ^ Buyers, Christopher (2008). Georgia: The Bagrationi (Bagration) Dynasty Royal Ark. Accessed on 1 May 2010.
  124. ^ House Order of Successions Royal Houses
  125. ^ The Bagrations Alexander Palace
  126. ^ Royal and Princely Branches of Bagrationi
  127. ^ Genealogical fragment of Bagrationi Dynasty
  128. ^ Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, 1980, "Burke’s Royal Families of the World: Volume II Africa & the Middle East, pp 59-77 ISBN 0-85011-029-7
  129. ^ (Georgian) დაიბადა გიორგი ბაგრატიონ-ბაგრატიონი კვირის პალიტრა
  130. ^ (Georgian) დავით და ანა ბაგრატიონებს მემკვიდრე-გიორგი ბაგრატიონი შეეძინათ გეო ნიუსი
  131. ^ (Georgian) საქართველოს სამეფო ოჯახს ვაჟი შეეძინა პრაიმ ნიუსი
  132. ^ George Bagration Bagrationi Photo
  133. ^ (Russian) Родился наследник Грузинского престола Русская народная линия
  134. ^ (Russian) В Грузии родился наследник царского престола Кавказ Online
  135. ^ (Russian) В Грузии родился Георгии Багратион-Багратиони Наша эпоха
  136. ^ Royal Birth of Bagrationi family
  137. ^ Giorgi Bagration-Bagrationi Has Arrived Georgian Journal
  138. ^ The Heir to the Throne of Georgia Born!
  139. ^ Heir for the Georgian Dynasty born in Madrid The Royal Forums
  140. ^ Birth of a new heir! Kimon Andreou
  141. ^ Heir was born in Royal Family of Georgia Prime News
  142. ^ (German) Georgiens Königshaus Missmoon Forumieren
  143. ^ (Georgian) ახალდაბადებული ბაგრატოვანთა მემკვიდრე- გიორგი 3 კილო და 700 გრამი მოევლინა ქვეყანას
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