List of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict
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Below is a list of villages depopulated or destroyed during the Arab-Israeli conflict. While both Jewish and Palestinian villages have been depopulated, the vast majority of them are Palestinian villages emptied during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. For this reason, it is generally referred to as the Nakba ("catastrophe") among Palestinian.
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[edit] 1880-1946
[edit] Palesinian villages
A number of these villages, those in the Jezreel Valley, were inhabited by tenants of land which was sold by a variety of absentee landlord families, such as the Karkabi, Tueini, Farah and Khuri families and Sursock family of Lebanon. The sale of land to Jewish organizations often resulted in the eviction of Arabs.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
A list of Palestinian villages uprooted before 1948, with the time of expulsion (and the name of Jewish settlements on village land): [7]
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Safed district
Acre district
Tiberias district
Nazareth district
Beisan district
Haifa district
Tulkarm district
Jaffa district
Ramla district |
[edit] Jewish villages
[edit] 1929 Palestine riots
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[edit] 1936 Arab Revolt
- Kfar Shiloah
- Kfar Etzion(re-established in 1943)
- Hebron (re-established in 1967)
[edit] 1948 Arab-Israeli War
[edit] Arab villages
Palestinian-Arab residents were expelled from hundreds of towns and villages by the Israel Defense Forces, or fled in fear as the Israeli army advanced. Nearly 500 towns and villages were depopulated, too many to list here, but are detailed in the main article.
[edit] Jewish villages
Jewish neighborhoods in East Jerusalem were depopulated by Jordanian forces following the Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan. It and some others on the list have been repopulated since the Six-Day War.
- In areas that became the State of Israel
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- In the West Bank and Gaza
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Gush Etzion[8] near Jerusalem:
- Kfar Darom (re-settled but evacuated as part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan of 2005)
[edit] Six-Day War
[edit] West Bank
Three Arab villages located in the Latrun Corridor were destroyed based on the orders of Yitzhak Rabin due to the corridor's strategic location and route to Jerusalem and because of the residents' alleged aiding of Egyptian commandos in their attack on the city of Lod. The residents of the three villages were offered compensation but were not allowed to return.[9]
The Latrun villages are the following.
Hebron/Bethlehem area[10]
Jordan Valley[10]
- al-Jiftlik (depopulated but soon repopulated)
- Agarith
- Huseirat
Jerusalem area[10]
In the Negeb/Sinai Desert
- Auja al-Hafir - Israel ended the Demilitarized zone around the village and occupied it
[edit] Golan Heights
In addition to the villages evacuated or where the residents were expelled in the West Bank during the Six-Day War, over 100,000 Golan Heights residents were evacuated from about 25 villages whether on orders of the Syrian government or through fear of an attack by the Israeli Defense Forces and forced expulsion after the cease fire.[11] During the following months more than a hundred Arab villages were destroyed by Israel.[12]
[edit] 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty
[edit] Israeli settlements
Several Israeli settlements in Sinai were evacuated as a result of the 1979 treaty.
[edit] Israel's unilateral disengagement plan
As a part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, there was a retreat from the Gaza Strip and the forced expulsion of twenty-one civilian Israeli settlements as well as an area in the northern West Bank containing four Israeli villages. The residential buildings were destroyed by Israel and only the public structures were left intact. The religious structures not removed by Israel were later destroyed by Palestinians.
[edit] Israeli settlements
| In the Gaza Strip (all 21 settlements, as well as Bedouin village): | |||
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| In the West Bank (4 settlements): | |||
[edit] See also
- Exodus from Lydda
- Jewish exodus from Arab countries
- List of massacres committed during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war
- List of villages and towns depopulated of Jews during the Holocaust
- Palestinian refugee camps
- Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey
- Transfer Committee
[edit] Notes
- ^ Kenneth W. Stein, The Land Question in Palestine, 1917-1939, UNC Press Books, 1987 p.60. The Sursocks sold Jinujar, Tall al-Adas, Jabata, Khuneifis, Jeida, Harbaj, Harithiya, Affula, Shuna, Jidru, Majdal.
- ^ Barbara Jean Smith, The roots of separatism in Palestine: British economic policy, 1920-1929, Syracuse University Press, 1993 pp.96-7;
- ^ Mark A. Tessler, A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Indiana University Press, 1994 p.177, writes 'The Sursock deal is known to have involved the eviction of about 8000 tenants "compensated" at three pounds ten shillings [about $17] a head.'
- ^ Sahar Huneidi, A broken trust: Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians 1920-1925, I.B.Tauris, 2001 p.223.
- ^ Palestine Commission on the Disturbances of Augest 1929,H.M.S.O., 1930, vol.1 p.437:'The Sursock titles should have been looked into as was acknowledged by the government officials themselves.The transfer became an irregular one, if not an illegal one, because the peasants' claims were not satisfied.'
- ^ Henry Laurens, La Question de Palestine, vol.2 (Une mission sacrée de civilisation), Fayard, Paris, 2002 pp.143-148.
- ^ רשימת הכפרים שנהרסו לפני 1948, http://nakba-online.tripod.com/villages-before-1948.htm
- ^ History of the Etzion Bloc: The Siege and Fall Page 8 of 11
- ^ Oren, 2002, pp. 307.
- ^ a b c UN Doc A/8389
- ^ UN Doc A/8089 5 October 1970
- ^ "The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages, 1965-1969" by Aron Shai (History & Memory - Volume 18, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2006, pp. 86-106)
[edit] References
- Benny Morris The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee problem revisited, pp xiv-xviii. Benny Morris list 389 abandoned villages
- Walid Khalidi (ed.), "All that Remains", Institute for Palestine Studies (Washington), 1992.
[edit] External links
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