Little Grebe
| Little Grebe | |
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| In breeding plumage | |
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| Non-breeding plumage | |
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Podicipediformes |
| Family: | Podicipedidae |
| Genus: | Tachybaptus |
| Species: | T. ruficollis |
| Binomial name | |
| Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764) |
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| Breeding Year-round Winter | |
| Synonyms | |
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Podiceps ruficollis |
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The Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), also known as Dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. At 23 to 29 cm in length it is the smallest European member of its family. It is commonly found in open bodies of water across most of its range.
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Description [edit]
The Little Grebe is a small water bird with a pointed bill. The adult is unmistakable in summer, predominantly dark above with its rich, rufous colour neck, cheeks and flanks, and bright yellow gape. The rufous is replaced by a dirty brownish grey in non-breeding and juvenile birds.
Juvenile birds have a yellow bill with a small black tip, and black and white streaks on the cheeks and sides of the neck as seen below. This yellow bill darkens as the juveniles age, eventually turning black once in adulthood.
In winter, its size, buff plumage, with a darker back and cap, and “powder puff” rear end enable easy identification of this species. The Little Grebe's breeding call, given singly or in duet, is a trilled repeated weet-weet-weet or wee-wee-wee which sounds like a horse whinnying.
Taxonomy [edit]
There are nine currently-recognized subspecies of Little Grebe, separated principally by size and colouration.[2]
- T. r. ruficollis is found from Europe and western Russia south to North Africa.[3]
- T. r. iraquensis is found in southeastern Iraq and southwestern Iran.[3]
- T. r. capensis is found in Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and the Indian subcontinent, extending east to Burma.[3]
- T. r. poggei is found from southeastern to northeastern Asia, Hainan, Taiwan, Japan, and south Kuril Islands.[3]
- T. r. philippensis is found in the northern Philippines.[3]
- T. r. cotobato is found on Mindanao.[3]
- T. r. tricolor is found from Sulawesi to New Guinea and the Lesser Sundas.[3]
- T. r. volcanorum is found from Java to Timor.[3]
- T. r. collaris is found from northeastern New Guinea to Bougainville.[3]
Distribution [edit]
This bird breeds in small colonies in heavily vegetated areas of freshwater lakes across Europe, much of Asia down to New Guinea, and most of Africa. Most birds move to more open or coastal waters in winter, but it is only migratory in those parts of its range where the waters freeze. Outside of breeding season, it moves into more open water, occasionally even appearing on the coast in small bays.[1]
Behaviour [edit]
The Little Grebe is an excellent swimmer and diver and pursues its fish and aquatic invertebrate prey underwater. It uses the vegetation skilfully as a hiding place.
Like all grebes, it nests at the water's edge, since its legs are set very far back and it cannot walk well. Usually four to seven eggs are laid. When the adult bird leaves the nest it usually takes care to cover the eggs with weeds. This makes it less likely to be detected by predators.[4] The young leave the nest and can swim soon after hatching, and chicks are often carried on the backs of the swimming adults.[5] In India, the species breeds during the rainy season.[6]
It does not normally interbreed with the larger grebes in the Old World, but a bird in Cornwall mated with a vagrant North American Pied-billed Grebe, producing hybrid young.
References [edit]
- ^ a b BirdLife International (2012). "Tachybaptus ruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
- ^ Ogilvie, Malcolm; Chris Rose (2003). Grebes of the World. Bruce Coleman. ISBN 1-872842-03-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6 ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9.
- ^ Prokop P & A Trnka (2011). "Why do grebes cover their nests? Laboratory and field tests of two alternative hypotheses". J. Ethol. 29: 17–22. doi:10.1007/s10164-010-0214-4.
- ^ Finn, Frank (1905). "Notes on the nesting of the Indian Dabchick". Bird Notes 4: 10–17.
- ^ Dalgliesh, Gordon (1906). "Notes on the Indian Podicipedidae". The Avicultural Magazine 5 (2): 65–72.
External links [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tachybaptus ruficollis |
- Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
- Little Grebe - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.
- BTO BirdFacts - Little Grebe
- Little Grebe videos, photos & sounds at the Internet Bird Collection
- Grebes of the World by André Konter
- Information and Illustration on Little Grebe from A Field Guide to Birds of Armenia
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