Littorinimorpha
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Littorinimorpha | |
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| A group of shells of species of cowries, family Cypraeidae, anterior ends towards the top of the image. | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| clade: | Caenogastropoda |
| clade: | Hypsogastropoda |
| clade: | Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 |
| Superfamilies | |
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See text |
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Littorinimorpha is a large clade of gastropods within Hypsogastropoda consisting primarily of marine species, but also aquatic and terrestrial species as well.[1]
Previously the Linnaean taxonomy in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Ponder & Lindberg (1997) was ranked like this: subclass Orthogastropoda, superorder Caenogastropoda, order Sorbeoconcha, suborder Hypsogastropoda, infraorder Littorinimorpha.
The clade Littorinimorpha contains many of the gastropod families formerly placed in the order Mesogastropoda, as introduced by J. Thiele in his work from 1921.[2] Evidence for this group being monophyletic is scanty. E.E.Strong [3] has suggested using only Neogastropoda as a clade within the clade Hypsogastropoda and to include the unresolved superfamilies of the Hypsogastropoda within the Littorinimorpha.[4]
[edit] Superfamilies and families
The superfamilies grouped in this clade include some familiar animals:
- Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809
- Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809, the slipper shells
- Capuloidea Fleming, 1822
- Capulidae Fleming, 1822, the cap shells (junior synonym Trichotropidae)
- Cingulopsoidea Fretter & Patil, 1958
- Cingulopsidae Fretter & Patil, 1958
- Eatoniellidae Ponder, 1965
- Rastodentidae Ponder, 1966
- Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815, the cowries
- Ovulidae Fleming, 1822
- Ficoidea Meek, 1864
- Ficidae Meek, 1864, the fig shells
- Littorinoidea Children, 1834
- Aciculidae Gray, 1850
- Littorinidae, Children, 1834 the periwinkles
- † Bohaispiridae Youluo, 1978
- Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917
- Subfamily Pickworthiinae Iredale, 1917
- Subfamily Pelycidiinae Ponder & Hall, 1983
- Subfamily Sherborniinae Iredale, 1917
- Pomatiidae Newton, 1891 (1828)
- Subfamily Pomatiinae Newton, 1891
- Subfamily Annulariinae Henderson & Bartsch, 1920
- † Purpurinidae Zittel, 1895
- Skeneopsidae Iredale, 1915
- † Tripartellidae Gründel, 2001
- Zerotulidae Warén & Hain, 1996
- Naticoidea Guilding, 1834
- Naticidae Guilding, 1834, the moon snails
- Pterotracheoidea Rafinesque, 1814 - synonym: Heteropoda.
- Pterotracheidae Rafinesque, 1814
- Atlantidae Rang, 1829
- † Bellerophinidae Destombes, 1984
- Carinariidae Blainville, 1818
- Rissooidea Gray, 1847
- Adeorbidae
- Amnicolidae Tryon, 1863
- Subfamily Amnicolinae Tryon, 1863
- Subfamily Baicaliinae P. Fischer, 1885
- Subfamily Emmericiinae Brusina, 1870
- Anabathridae Keen, 1971
- Assimineidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856
- Barleeiidae Gray, 1857
- Bithyniidae Gray, 1857
- Caecidae Gray, 1850
- Calopiidae Ponder, 1999
- Cochliopidae Tryon, 1866
- Subfamily Cocliopinae Tryon, 1866
- Subfamily Littoridininae Thiele, 1928
- Subfamily Semisalsinae Giusti & Pezzoli, 1980
- Elachisinidae Ponder, 1985
- Emblandidae Ponder, 1985
- Epigridae Ponder, 1985
- Falsicingulidae Slavoshevskaya
- Helicostoidae Pruvot-Fol, 1937
- Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865
- Hydrococcidae Thiele, 1928
- Iravadiidae Thiele, 1928
- Lithoglyphidae Tryon, 1866
- † Mesocochliopidae Yu, 1987
- Moitessieriidae Bourguignat, 1863
- † Palaeorissoinidae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
- Subfamily Palaeorissoininae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
- Subfamily Greveniellinae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
- Pomatiopsidae Stimpson, 1865
- Subfamily Pomatiopsinae Stimpson, 1865
- Subfamily Triculinae Annandale, 1924
- Rissoidae Gray, 1847
- Stenothyridae Tryon, 1866
- Tornidae Sacco, 1896 (1884)
- Truncatellidae Gray, 1840
- Subfamily Truncatellinae Gray, 1840
- Subfamily Geomelaniinae Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
- Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Aporrhaidae Gray, 1850, the pelican's foot shells
- Subfamily Aporrhainae Gray, 1850
- Subfamily Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983
- † Subfamily Harpagodinae Pchelintsev, 1963
- † Subfamily Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992
- † Subfamily Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)
- † Colombellinidae P. Fischer, 1884
- † Pugnellidae Kiel & Bandel, 1999
- Seraphsidae gray, 1853
- Strombidae Rafinesque, 1815, the true conchs
- Struthiolariidae Gabb, 1868
- † Thersiteidae Savornin, 1915
- Tylostomatidae Stoliczka, 1868
- Aporrhaidae Gray, 1850, the pelican's foot shells
- Tonnoidea Suter, 1913 (1825)
- Bursidae Thiele, 1925, the frog shells
- Laubierinidae Warén & Bouchet, 1990
- Personidae Gray, 1854
- Pisanianuridae Warén & Bouchet, 1990
- Ranellidae Gray, 1854, the tritons
- Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825), the tun shells
- Vanikoroidea Gray, 1840
- Haloceratidae Warén & Bouchet, 1991
- Hipponicidae Troschel, 1861, the hoof shells
- † Omalaxidae Cosmmann, 1916
- Vanikoridae Gray, 1840
- Velutinoidea Gray, 1840
- Pediculariidae
- Triviidae Troschel, 1863
- Velutinidae Gray, 1840
- Subfamily Velutininae Gray, 1840
- Subfamily Lamellariinae d'Orbigny, 1841
- Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Vermetidae Rafinesque, 1815, the worm snails
- Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (1840)
- Guttulidae
- † Lamelliphoridae Korobkov, 1960
- Xenophoridae Troschel, 1852 (1840), the carrier shells
(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger, †.)
[edit] References
- ^ Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. Issn = 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
- ^ Thiele, J., 1929-1935. Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde. 2 vols. 1154 p., 584 figs
- ^ Strong, E.E. (2003). "Refining molluscan characters : morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137: 447–554.
- ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Littorinimorpha. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382213 on 2010-06-06
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