Livno
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Livno 
pronunciation (help·info) IPA: [lǐːʋnɔ] is a town in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located between Tomislavgrad, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo, Kupres and the Croatian border.
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[edit] Position
Livno is 127 km [1] from Mostar, 212 km [2] from Sarajevo, 167 km[3] from Banja Luka and 96 km [4] from Split.
[edit] Demographics
[edit] 1971
Municipality of Livno - total: 42,118[5]
- Croats- 31.657 (75.16)
- Muslims by nationality - 5.087 (12.07)
- Serbs - 4.791 (11.37)
- Yugoslavs - 434 (1.03)
- Others - 149 (0.37)
[edit] 1981
Municipality of Livno - total:40,438[5]
- Croats - 28.918 (71.51%)
- Muslims - 4.418 (10.92%)
- Serbs - 3.898 (9.63%)
- Yugoslavs - 2.657 (6.57%)
- Others - 547 (1.35%)
The city of Livno itself - total 9.002
- Croats - 2.890 (32.10%)
- Muslims - 2.714 (30.14%)
- Serbs - 1.206 (13.39%)
- Yugoslavs - 2.093 (23.25%)
- Others - 99 (1.09%)
[edit] 1991
Municipality of Livno - total: 40,600[5]
- Croats - 29,324 (72.22%)
- Muslims - 5,793 (14.26%)
- Serbs - 3,913 (9.63%)
- Yugoslavs - 1,125 (2.77%)
- others and unknown - 445 (1.09%)
The city of Livno itself - total 10,080
- Muslims - 3,899 (38,68%)
- Croats - 3,504 (34,76%)
- Serbs - 1,556 (15,43%)
- Yugoslavs - 946 (9,38%)
- others and unknown - 175 (1,75%)
[edit] Geography
The territory of the municipality is 994 km2 (384 sq mi). Livno is both the cultural and industrial center of the canton. It is the biggest city in the canton and situated 730 meters above sea level. The Bistrica river flows through the city and is itself is 3 km (1.9 mi) long, which means that it is a very small river. Livno is also situated in the Livanjsko field which is the largest field in the entire country. The field is situated between the mountains Dinara and Kamešnica in the south, Tušnica in the east, Cincar in the north and Šator in the west. Livanjsko field is 405 km2 (156 sq mi), making it almost half of the Livno municipality.
[edit] Settlements
• Bila • Bilo Polje • Bogdaše • Bojmunte • Čaić • Čaprazlije • Čelebić • Čuklić • Ćosanlije • Dobro • Donji Rujani • Drinova Međa • Držanlije • Golinjevo • Gornji Rujani • Grborezi • Grgurići • Gubin • Komorani • Kovačić • Lipa • Lištani • Livno • Lopatice • Lusnić • Ljubunčić • Mali Guber • Mali Kablići • Miši • Odžak • Orguz • Podgradina • Podgreda • Podhum • Potkraj • Potočani • Potok • Priluka • Prisap • Prolog • Provo • Radanovci • Rapovine • Sajković • Smričani • Srđevići • Strupnić • Suhača • Tribić • Veliki Guber • Veliki Kablići • Vidoši • Vrbica • Vržerala • Zabrišće • Zagoričani • Zastinje • Žabljak i Žirović.
[edit] Climate
Livno has a stable continental climate with cold winters and hot summers. It is situated between big mountains like Cincar and Kamesnica which make the climate more continental than the climate in Mostar and Capljina for example. The winters in that part of the country are not as cold as in Livno.
[edit] History
The plains of Livno have been populated since approximately 2000 BC, and well into the Roman era. Before the Roman conquest it has been inhabited by the indigenous Iron Age population known to the ancient writers as the Delmatae. It is assumed that the Slavs arrived to the region in the 7th century. The Illyrian population assimilated into the Slav culture, and eventurally lost their language and customs.Through the next three centuries, they accepted the Catholic faith.
Livno celebrates its founding as being September 28, 892 due to it being mentioned in a document of the Croatian Duke Mutimir released at that time. It was the centre of Hlebiana (ή Χλεβίανα) županija (province) of the Kingdom of Croatia (Medieval), as mentioned in the tenth century work De Administrando Imperio (chapter 30). From 1199 Emeric until 1326 Mladen II Šubić of Bribir, who was a resident of Livno, it was part of the Chelmensis territory. From 1326 until 1463 Livno was part of the Bosnian Kingdom. One of the noble families of the Bosnian Kingdom bought Livno, Duvno, and Kupres (12th to 13th century) then called "Tropolje," (Three Fields). The beginning of 14th century saw the Ottoman Empire advance, invade, and occupy Bosnia for the next 400 years. In 1878 Livno was occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire by way of the Berlin Congress.
From 1918 it was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1929 the kingdom was renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia and divided into nine banates (banovine). Livno was divided into the Littoral Banovina, with its centre in the city of Split. This division brought Livno politically closer to Croatia. In 1939, the banates were further redrawn so that there was a Croatian banate (Banovina Hrvatska) which Livno was also a part of. From 1941 to 1945 Livno was part of the made Independent State of Croatia. In 1941 the Ustasha forces massacred Serbian civilians in the Livno area. Croatian writer Ivan Goran Kovačić joined the communist movement "Partisans" where he wrote his epic poem Jama (The Pit). He finished his poem in Livno.
At the end of World War II, Livno was a part of Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, and after its collapse, a part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
[edit] Current culture
In recent years there has been some debate over whether Livno is part of the historical region of Bosnia, or of Herzegovina.[citation needed] Whatever the case, the city is culturally on the crossroads between Dalmatia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Recently, however, local courts have ruled that using Herzeg or Herzegovina to describe Canton 10 is unconstitutional and disallowed it on the grounds that no part of the Canton including Livno is a part of Herzegovina.[6]
The city's main landmark is a monument to Croatian King Tomislav, who was crowned at the nearby fields of Duvno.
Livno is also known for its cheese, Livanjski sir or Livno cheese, which was first made during the Austro-Hungarian occupation.
[edit] Sport
The local football club is NK Troglav.
[edit] Famous residents
- Baja Mali Knindža
- Bisera Alikadić
- Gabrijel Jurkić
- Hasan Brkić
- Borjana Krišto
- Mladen II Šubić of Bribir
- Davor Šuker
- Ivan Šuker
- Anto Đapić
- Vukašin Mrnjavčević
[edit] References
- ^ Michelin Livno Mostar
- ^ Michelin Livno-Sarajevo
- ^ Michelin Livno-Banja Luka
- ^ Michelin Livno-Split
- ^ a b c Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.
- ^ FOTW
[edit] External links
- Municipality of Livno website (BCS)
- Livno Online
- Aero Club of Livno
- Tourism Association of Bosnia-Herzegovina site about Livno
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