Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra
| Model 14 Super Electra | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Trans Canada Airlines Lockheed 14H2 c. 1938 | |
| Role | Civil passenger and cargo transport |
| Manufacturer | Lockheed Corporation |
| Designer | Don Palmer |
| First flight | July 29, 1937 |
| Introduction | October 1937 |
| Primary user | Airlines |
| Number built | 354 |
| Developed from | Lockheed Model 10 Electra |
| Variants | Lockheed Hudson Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar |
The Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra, more commonly known as the Lockheed 14, was a civil passenger and cargo aircraft built by the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation during the late 1930s. An outgrowth of the earlier Model 10 Electra, the Model 14 was also developed into larger, more capable civil and military versions. Neville Chamberlain flew in British Airways Lockheed 14s to Germany, and on the famous "Peace in our time" trip which resulted in the Munich Agreement, he delivered his speech beside G-AFGN.
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[edit] Design and development
The design, developed by a team led by Don Palmer, was a scaled-up version of the original Model 10 Electra, with passenger seating increased from 10 to 14. It was intended to compete commercially with the contemporary Douglas DC-2 and the Boeing 247. The first Model 14 flew on July 29, 1937, piloted by Marshall Headle. Early 14's used the Pratt & Whitney Hornet engine; later the Wright Cyclone was offered as an option.
Lockheed built a total of 114 Model 14s; another 119 were built under license in Japan by the Tachikawa Aircraft Company under the designation Tachikawa Type LO "Thelma". Another 121 were built by Kawasaki Aircraft Campany under the designation Kawasaki Type 1 cargo transporter. The type 1 cargo's fuselage was lengthened by 1.4m, enabling the fitting of larger cargo doors.[1]
[edit] Operational history
The Model 14 entered commercial service with Northwest Airlines in October 1937. Aircraft were exported for use by Aer Lingus of Ireland, British Airways Ltd later merged into BOAC of Britain, KLM of the Netherlands, Union Airways and National Airways Corporation (NAC) of New Zealand. The Model 14 was the basis for development of the Lockheed Hudson maritime reconnaissance and light bomber aircraft operated by the Royal Air Force, USAAF, United States Navy and many others during World War II.
[edit] Record-breaking flights
In May 1938, a team of aviators of the Polish airline LOT, made up of Waclaw Makowski, director of the LOT and first pilot, Zbigniew Wysiekierski, second pilot, Szymon Piskorz, mechanic and radionavigator, Alfons Rzeczewski, radio-navigator and Jerzy Krassowski, assistant, accomplished an experimental flight from the United States to Poland. This flight was carried out on board one of the aircraft bought by LOT and manufactured by Lockheed in California, a Lockheed Model 14H Super Electra (of which the Polish registration was SP-LMK. [2]). The crew took off from Burbank (Los Angeles) where these aircraft were manufactured,and after a tour of South America, flew the Atlantic from Brazil to West Africa en route to Warsaw. A poster celebrating the flight can be seen in a US Library of Congress/Matson Archive photo of the LOT/Imperial Airways Sales office in Jerusalem about 1939.[3]
The distance covered was of 15,441 mi (24,850 km). They flew via the Central American cities of Mazatlan, Mexico City, Guatemala, and Panama, then via the South American cities of Lima, Peru; Santiago, Chile; Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Rio de Janeiro and Natal in Brazil. They flew across the South Atlantic to Dakar, Senegal, in Africa and then to Casablanca, Tunis, and then on to Rome, Italy. The final leg of the flight brought them to Warszaw, Poland. The flying time was 85 hours between May 13 and June 5. The overflight of the Atlantic - from Natal to Dakar - lasted 11 hours and 10 minutes (1,908 mi/3,070 km). This feat by Polish aviators really marked the history of air communication on a world level.(Prior to this flight airliners were delivered across the Atlantic as deck cargo on ships [4]).
Howard Hughes flew a Super Electra (NX18973) on a global circumnavigation flight. With four crewmates (Harry Connor, copilot and navigator; Tom Thurlow, navigator; Richard Stoddart, radio operator; and Ed Lund, flight engineer), the plane took off from Floyd Bennett Field in New York on July 10, 1938. The flight, which circled the narrower northern latitudes, passed through Paris, Moscow, Omsk, Yakutsk, Fairbanks, Alaska and Minneapolis before returning to New York on July 14. The total distance flown was 14,672 mi (23,612 km).
[edit] Operators
[edit] Civilian
- SABENA (in Africa)
- John Mahieu Aviation (postwar)
- KNILM (Royal Netherlands Indian Airways)
- Air Afrique (the prewar airline, unrelated to the postwar airline of the same name)
- Air France
- Japan Air Transport
- Imperial Japanese Airways, which Japan Air Transport was merged into.
- KLM (mostly for KLM's West Indian Section in the Caribbean)
- LOT Polish Airlines (10 in 1938-1940)
- DETA Mozambique Airways (serving Portugal's colony of Mozambique)
- LARES (Liniile Aeriene Române Exploatate cu Statul)
- British Airways Ltd. (not to be confused with the modern airline of the same name)
- BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation), which British Airways Ltd. was merged into.
[edit] Military
[edit] Accidents and incidents
[edit] Specifications (Model 14-WF62 Super Electra)
General characteristics
- Crew: two, pilot and co-pilot
- Capacity: 12 passengers
- Length: 44 ft 4 in (13.52 m)
- Wingspan: 65 ft 6 in (19.97 m)
- Height: 11 ft 5 in (3.48 m)
- Wing area: 551 ft² (51.2 m²)
- Empty weight: 10,750 lb (4,886 kg)
- Loaded weight: 15,650 lb (7,114 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 17,500 lb (7,955 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Wright SGR-1820-F62 radial engines, 760 hp (567 kW) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 250 mph (402 km/h)
- Range: 2,125 mi (3,420 km)
- Service ceiling: 24,500 ft (7,649 m)
- Wing loading: 28 lb/ft² (139 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0.10 hp/lb (0.16 kW/kg)
[edit] See also
- Related development
- Lockheed Model 10 Electra
- Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior
- Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar
- Lockheed Hudson
- Related lists
- List of aircraft of World War II
- List of military aircraft of the United States
- List of military aircraft of the United States (naval)
- List of Lockheed aircraft
[edit] References
- Notes
- ^ "Kawasaki Type 1." sakura.ne.jp Retrieved: June 16, 2010.
- ^ Coates, Ed. "SP-LMK Lockheed 14-H." edcoatescollection.com. Retrieved: February 19, 2010.
- ^ "LOT Poster Historic Flight." flickr.com. Retrieved: March 1, 2010.
- ^ "Aviation en Pologne: (1934-1938)." pallas.cegesoma.be. Retrieved: February 19, 2010.
- Bibliography
- Francillon, René J. Lockheed Aircraft since 1913. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-835-6.
[edit] External links
- Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra, C-111
- Lockheed PBO Hudson, Lockheed R4O Super Electra at the Wayback Machine (archived March 13, 2008)
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