London Overground

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London Overground
Info
Locale Greater London; Three Rivers; Watford, UK
Transit type Commuter rail
Number of lines 4 (6 by 2012)
Number of stations 55
Daily ridership approx 30,000
Operation
Began operation 2007
Owner Transport for London
Operator(s) London Overground Rail Operations Ltd (LOROL)
(until 2014 or 2016)
Technical
System length 86 km (53.4 Miles)
Track gauge Standard

London Overground[1] (LO) is a commuter rail service in London, UK, the brand applied by Transport for London (TfL) to the services on four railway lines: the Euston-Watford DC Line, the North London Line, the West London Line and the Gospel Oak to Barking Line.

The name has been used since 2007, when TfL took over part of the rail franchise from the Silverlink train operating company. In 2010 it is planned that the Overground network will include the East London Railway, a line formed from the East London Line (formerly part of London Underground) which is being extended to connect with the North London Line. This section is currently closed.[2]

The Overground is part of the National Rail network, run as a rail franchise by the train operating company London Overground Rail Operations Ltd (LOROL), but the contracting authority is TfL rather than central Government. This arrangement is similar to the model adopted for Merseyrail. The lines continue to be owned and maintained by Network Rail except for the Dalston-New Cross section of the East London Railway, which will remain TfL property when it becomes part of the Overground.

The Overground is a commuter rail system, especially as many of the lines share traffic with freight services, although there is an intention to introduce metro-style frequencies eventually on all routes.

Contents

[edit] History


Franchise(s): Operated by LOROL under contract to TfL, 11 November 2007–2014 (optional extension to 2016)
Main region(s): Greater London
Other region(s): Hertfordshire
Fleet size: 32 (current)
Stations called at: 55
National Rail abbreviation: LO
Parent company: Transport for London
Web site: www.tfl.gov.uk/overground

[edit] Background

Rail services in Great Britain are run on a system of rail franchises and operated by a number of private train operating companies, managed by National Rail. The London Underground, owned and run by TfL, is not part of this system.

A pilot scheme was launched in 2003 to bring National Rail services operated by multiple companies under one branding umbrella within London. Using the Overground Network brand, TfL introduced consistent information displays, station signage and maps on selected routes in South London. Although this pilot was purely an exercise in branding, this was the first instance of TfL having a visible influence over National Rail services in London. The Overground Network pilot has since been withdrawn.

In January 2004 the Department for Transport announced a review of the rail industry in the United Kingdom.[3] As part of that review, proposals were put forward by Transport for London for a "London Regional Rail Authority" to be established, which would give TfL regulatory powers over rail services in and around Greater London.[4]

A result of this consultation was the transfer of part of the Silverlink rail franchise over to TfL control. This is to date the only agreed movement towards establishing a London-wide rail authority.[5]

The Silverlink franchise had two areas of operation: Silverlink County (regional services from London Euston to Northampton, St Albans Abbey, Bletchley and Bedford); and Silverlink Metro (services mostly within the London urban area). When the franchise was split up in 2007, County services were taken over by the London Midland franchise, and the Metro services came under TfL control.[6]

[edit] Initial announcements

On 20 February 2006, the Department for Transport announced that TfL would take over management of services then provided by Silverlink Metro.[7] Tenders were invited from potential contractors to operate the service under the provisional name of the North London Railway. On 5 September 2006, London Overground branding was announced, and it was confirmed that the extended East London Line would be included.

[edit] Launch

On 11 November 2007, TfL took over the franchise for the operation of trains on North London Railway routes formerly of Silverlink Metro.

A poster promoting the newly-launched London Overground

The official launch ceremony was on 12 November 2007 at Hampstead Heath railway station by the then Mayor of London Ken Livingstone, with a later media event on the disused bay platform at Willesden Junction station.

The launch was accompanied by a marketing campaign entitled "London's new train set", with posters and leaflets carrying an image of a model railway retail package containing the new Overground trains, tracks and staff.[8]

At the launch TfL undertook to revamp the routes by improving service frequencies, staffing all stations, improving station facilities, introducing new rolling stock and by allowing Oyster card pay as you go to be used throughout the network from the outset.[9]

All stations were "deep-cleaned"[10] following the TfL takeover, and the Silverlink branding was removed. Station signage is being gradually replaced with Overground-branded signs using TfL's corporate New Johnston typeface. There are temporary adhesive signs at some stations, to be replaced with full-size enamel platform name signs using the orange and blue Overground roundel as station refurbishment progresses.[10][11]

[edit] Operator

The Overground is operated by a private company, London Overground Rail Operations Ltd (LOROL). Following a model similar to that already used for the Docklands Light Railway, TfL invited tenders for operation of the Overground. Unlike National Rail franchisees, TfL would set fares, procure rolling stock and decide service levels. The operator would take an element of revenue risk: TfL take 90% of the revenue risk, 10% of revenue is retained by the operator, and the operator is responsible for revenue collection.

London Overground Rail Operations Limited

The tenderers were MTR Laing (a 50:50 joint venture between MTR Corporation and Laing Rail), Govia, National Express Group (the operator of Silverlink), and NedRailways. In December 2006, this was narrowed to Govia and MTR Laing, who were selected to submit their ‘best and final offers’,[12] and on 19 June 2007 it was announced that MTR Laing had been selected.[13]

The contract was signed on 2 July 2007, for seven years with the option of a two-year extension.[14] In preparation for the launch of the Overground, MTR Laing renamed itself London Overground Rail Operations Ltd (LOROL).

In December 2007, Henderson Group, the parent company of John Laing plc, announced the sale of the Laing Rail division, which comprises half of LOROL, Chiltern Railways and a stake in the Wrexham & Shropshire open-access railway operator. In April 2008, Laing Rail was bought by the German rail operator Deutsche Bahn, which now holds a 50% stake in LOROL.[15] The price was said to be around 170 million.[citation needed]

[edit] Changes from May 2009 to April 2010

Partial or full line closures:

  • Gospel Oak to Barking Line: each weekend until 26 October 2009 due to signalling works and improving the track and station platforms.
  • North London Line: each weekend until 27 December 2009 due to signalling works and introducing a brand new timetable.
  • West London Line: each weekend until 6 December 2009 due to signalling works and introducing a brand new timetable.

On 15 April 2009, the North London Line platforms at Stratford moved to new high-level platforms 1 & 2 from the old low-level platforms 1 & 2, the latter being made available for the DLR's upcoming Stratford International service (due open 2010). Platforms 1 and 2 comprise an island platform with step-free links to platform 12 and the subway linking to platforms 3 to 11.

[edit] Current system

Initial London Overground network from November 2007 (orange) and the East London line in 2010 (light orange).[16]

[edit] Introduction

The initial network, service levels and timetables are a continuation of Silverlink Metro services. As the Overground name implies, the vast majority of the network is above ground, mostly consisting of railway lines connecting areas outside Central London, with a considerable portion of the network in Zone 2. The network also uses Euston in central London, the southern terminus of the Watford DC Line.[2][17]

[edit] Routes

The Overground consists of the following lines:

The network interchanges with the Bakerloo, Central, District, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Northern and Victoria lines and the Docklands Light Railway. The Overground lines appear on the standard Tube maps issued by Transport for London,[19] and a separate map of the system is also available.[20]

The routes cover many areas of northern Greater London, and TfL may see direct control of the lines as attractive because:

  • There is some concentration in the north-east, including services to Stratford, to support the 2012 Summer Olympics;
  • They pass through less affluent areas, and are seen as contributing to the regeneration of these areas;[21] and
  • The North London and Gospel Oak to Barking lines have been considered by some to be neglected and not developed to their full potential.[22]

[edit] Service frequencies

Services generally begin between about 0500 (from Watford Junction) and 0630 (from Barking), between about 0800 and 0900 on Sundays, and all services are scheduled to be completed by midnight.

The following are the general service frequencies on individual lines:

  • North London Line - four trains per hour Monday to Saturday (three per hour after about 2000), and two per hour on Sunday: most Monday to Saturday off-peak trains are scheduled to leave Richmond at 11, 27, 41 and 57 minutes past the hour (15, 35, 55 after 2000), and Stratford at 7, 22, 37 and 52 (12, 32, 52 after 2000); slightly more services run at peak times Monday to Friday; Sunday services leave Richmond at 8 and 38, and Stratford at 19 and 49.
  • West London Line - mainly two trains per hour, with extra trains at peak times. Monday to Saturday off-peak trains are scheduled to leave Clapham Junction at 5 and 35 minutes past the hour, and Willesden Junction at 8 and 38; slightly more services run at peak times Monday to Friday, and some trains run to and from Stratford; Sunday services leave Clapham Junction at 18 and 48, and Willesden Junction at 21 and 51.
  • Gospel Oak to Barking Line - mainly two trains per hour, but three trains per hour at certain times of day: Sunday services are scheduled to leave Gospel Oak at 20 and 50 minutes past the hour, Monday to Saturday services mainly at 25 and 55 (0, 20 and 40 between 0730 and 1000, and 15, 35 and 55 between 1530 and 1900, with transitional services); Sunday services are scheduled to leave Barking at 5 and 35 minutes past the hour, Monday to Saturday services mainly at 8 and 38 (mostly 0, 20 and 40 between 0700 and 1100, and 14, 34 and 54 between 1530 and 1900, with transitional services).
  • Watford DC Line - three trains per hour Monday to Saturday: trains are scheduled to leave Euston at 17, 37 and 57 minutes past the hour (17 and 47 Sunday); they leave Watford Junction mainly at 1, 21 and 41, with some variations (21 and 51 Sunday).

[edit] Stations

The Overground serves the following stations:

North London Line West London Line Watford DC Line Gospel Oak - Barking Line

* Step-free access on eastbound platform only

[edit] Ticketing

London Overground ticket based on same design as National Rail tickets but with a Transport for London roundel in the background/relief

Ticketing on the Overground uses a mix of paper and the Oyster Card electronic smart card. As with all National Rail and TfL services in London, passengers may use a Travelcard (daily, three-day, seven-day, monthly or annual), and as on other National Rail Services in London, paper single, return and cheap day return tickets priced under the zonal fare scheme are available. In addition, TfL permits the use of Oyster "pay-as-you-go" (PAYG).

As part of an effort to improve safety and protect revenue, TfL has announced that it will introduce ticket barriers at a number of stations. The stations that did not have barriers when TfL took over the line have been fitted with standalone Oyster Card readers similar to those at ungated Underground and DLR stations. The validator at Blackhorse Road which previously was needed to enter/exit the Oyster card system when using the line is now disused.

The ticket stock for the Overground continues to be common National Rail stock, as Overground services remain part of the National Rail network, but with a large TfL roundel in the centre and the repeated legend "Rail Settlement Plan" in a light green background.

[edit] Ticket pricing

Paper tickets are charged at the old Silverlink prices, which are generally lower than National Rail London zonal fares and Underground fares. For example, the ticket above shows that the adult single fare between Harrow & Wealdstone (Zone 5) and Hatch End (Zone 6) is £1.50. This would be £1.90 under the National Rail zonal fare system and £3.00 under London Underground fares.

Oyster PAYG is charged on the same zone-based rules as for the Underground and the Docklands Light Railway. Oyster is generally cheaper than paper tickets: for example, the fare between Harrow & Wealdstone and Hatch End is £1.00 with Oyster PAYG. Stations outside Greater London, except for Watford Junction, are included in the newly created Travelcard Zones 7-9, while Acton Central, Hampstead Heath and Willesden Junction were re-zoned on 2 January 2008 (from 2 to 3, 3 to 2 and 3 to 2/3 respectively), which will also reduce some zone-based fares.[23]

[edit] Branding

A London Overground roundel on a station sign at Kentish Town West

The public presentation of the Overground is visually associated with existing TfL design standards, using similar graphic design elements to those used on Underground publicity, signage and other elements, drawing on the design heritage of Frank Pick. These design standards will be applied to the new fleet of trains.

The routes are branded with a new version of the roundel, the iconic bar-and-circle symbol associated with transport services in London. The Overground version consists of an orange ring with a blue bar.[24] The roundel was adopted from an earlier design by the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933 and which has spawned many variations applied to succeeding operations.[25] The current TfL versions use a hollow circle or ring rather than the original solid circle.

In common with other TfL services, the Overground is denoted by a designated sector colour, a vivid orange (Pantone 158C).[24] Similarly to the presentation of the DLR, the Overground is shown on Tube maps as a double stripe rather than a solid line, to denote its status as a service that is not an Underground line.[19]

Corporate signage, stationery and literature use the New Johnston typeface in common with other TfL services.[24]

[edit] Performance

Although branded as a TfL service, the Overground remains as, and is monitored for performance as, part of the National Rail network, unlike the Underground. The most recent figures released by the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR), for October to December 2008, showed that it had achieved 91.3% of the Public Performance Measure (PPM) target for punctuality and reliability set by the ORR. This was 2.3% better than the average PPM for all London and the South East railway companies. The MAA of the PPM for the 12 months to 31 December 2008 was 92.8%.[26] TfL, in conjunction with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has investigated the use of data from the Oyster smartcard ticketing system to measure the performance of the Overground explicitly from the passenger perspective.[27]

[edit] Rolling stock

Overground branding on a Class 508 coach in Silverlink livery
A new Capitalstar train in Overground livery

Since London Overground took over operations from the previous franchisee, Silverlink, the network has been operated (apart from the East London line) using Class 313 EMUs, Class 508 EMUs and Class 150 DMUs inherited from Silverlink. The units retain Silverlink green and purple livery, with temporary London Overground branding.

TfL is committed to introducing brand new rolling stock to the service, including the East London Line, over three to five years. From 2009 the electrified lines will be operated by Class 378 Capitalstars to be built by Bombardier Transportation. The East London Railway will initially have 20 four-car units and the North London Railway 24 three-car units.[1] In 2011, the North London Railway fleet will be extended to four cars and the East London Railway will gain three extra trains.[28]

The three Class 508 units were withdrawn in late 2008.

The new Class 378 electric trains were officially unveiled at Willesden Junction station on 13 July 2009. They include a number of Tube-style features, including sideways seating (upholstery in Misha Black's District-line-style moquette) and more standing room to fit in with a high-capacity metro service. The trains also introduce new walk-through open carriage interiors and air conditioning. The new fleet is currently undergoing testing on the network and are due to come into service later in 2009.[29][30]

TfL originally planned to buy the new Class 378 EMU fleet outright, but in February 2008, TfL announced that it would lease rather than purchase the trains. This will be done through a newly-formed Rolling Stock Operating Company (ROSCO) named QW Rail Leasing, with the lease running until 2027. TfL took this option to free up the £250 million capital cost of purchase, combined with reducing the risk of making a loss through any future sell-on of the fleet.[31]

The Class 378 stock will not be able to operate over the Gospel Oak to Barking Line (GOBLIN) as the line is not electrified. While electrification is advocated by TfL, local boroughs and passenger groups, it has not been included as part of Network Rail's Route Utilisation Strategy for the Cross London Route.[22] TfL has indicated that it intends to use new two-car Class 172 Turbostar diesel trains from 2009.[32] MTR/Laing will lease eight two-car units from a ROCSO, rather than their being purchased by TfL, as was originally planned with the Class 378 units.[33] The eight Class 172/0 units were ordered by Angel Trains on behalf of TfL in November 2007.[34]

If the plan to replace the Watford DC Line with a Bakerloo line service to Watford Junction goes ahead, the 1972 Stock fleet on the Bakerloo line could be augmented by newly-retired Victoria line 1967 Stock trains, although these would need modification.[35]

[edit] Current fleet

 Class  Image Type  Top speed   Number   Cars per set   Seat layout   Number of seats   Routes operated   Built 
 mph   km/h 
Class 150/1 diesel multiple unit 75 120 6[citation needed] 2 2+2 (high density) 146 (based on previous 2+3 seating) Gospel Oak-Barking 1981-83
Class 313/1 electric multiple unit 75 120 23 3 2+2/2+3 (high density) 228 North London;
Watford DC;
West London
1975-78
(Refurbished 1997-2002)

[edit] Future fleet

Class Type Top speed Number Cars per set Seat layout Routes operated Built
mph km/h
Class 172/0
Turbostar
diesel multiple unit 75 120 8 2 2+3 Gospel Oak-Barking 2009
Class 378/0
Capitalstar
electric multiple unit 75 120 24 3 Longitudinal North London
Watford DC
West London
2007-2009
Class 378/1
Capitalstar
electric multiple unit 75 120 23 4 Longitudinal East London 2009-2010
Class 378/2
Capitalstar
*
electric multiple unit 75 120 7 4 Longitudinal North London
Watford DC
West London
2009-2010

*Class 378/0 will become 378/2 when a fourth car is added

[edit] Past Fleet

 Class   Image   Top speed   Number   Cars per set   Routes operated   Built   Notes 
 mph   km/h 
Class 508/3 75 120 3 3 Watford DC Line 1979-1980 (Refurbished 2003) Commonly 508302 & 508303 have been spotted on London Euston - Watford Junction and as of 27 May 2009 they are still booked on there.

[edit] Livery

All Overground trains remain in Silverlink's purple and lime green livery with yellow doors. Silverlink logos have been removed and Overground banners have been added to most units. It is not expected that any more cosmetic changes will be made to the livery and interiors until the delivery of the new rolling stock.

TfL's artist impressions of the future stock show them in a new livery, similar to the Underground's, which has blue and white coaches with orange doors and yellow fronts.

Artist's impression of new rolling stock livery. (Full train image)

[edit] Future developments


The expansion of the Overground network has been widely publicised by TfL as part of its transport strategy. It is proposed to add two new lines to the network, which would link to form a ring around London. The East London Railway is already under construction, while funding for the South London Line has recently been secured[citation needed]. Prospective 2010 Tube maps were released to the press illustrating the potential full extent of the planned network.[36]

[edit] East London Line

The East London Line will become part of the network when the Phase 1 extensions to the East London Line to the new southern termini at Crystal Palace and West Croydon and the northern extension (mostly along the Broad Street viaduct) to the re-opened Dalston Junction are completed in 2010. When the East London line is added to the network, this will add substantial sections of line that are in tunnels (including the Thames Tunnel) (the oldest tunnel under the Thames or indeed any other navigable river in the world), and will create the anomaly that the London Overground line will be below the London Underground part of Whitechapel tube station.

The line was closed on 22 December 2007 in preparation for its extension and incorporation into the Overground. As of June 2008, work is due for completion ahead of schedule on 19 October 2009.[37]

In the original Phase 1 plans, the East London Railway terminated just south of the North London Line, at Dalston Junction. The former Mayor, Ken Livingstone, has since stated that Phase 1 of the East London Railway project would be extended to Highbury & Islington, in order to make a connection with the North London Railway, the Victoria line and First Capital Connect services. This is not planned to open until 2011.[1]

[edit] Watford DC Line

TfL has proposed re-extending the Bakerloo line to Watford Junction.[38] It has been suggested that most or all of the line from Queen's Park to Watford Junction would be used exclusively by the Underground, and Overground services would be withdrawn.

As part of this change, Overground services would be diverted at Primrose Hill Junction via the currently freight-only route through Primrose Hill station (closed since 1992) to Camden Road, providing a new service running between Queen's Park and Stratford.[citation needed] As a result of this service change, Kilburn High Road and South Hampstead would no longer have direct services to central London, and the Overground would lose its only Zone 1 station.

However, the Watford line is still shown as part of the Overground on prospective Tube maps issued by TfL, so this proposal appears uncertain.[36][39]

[edit] South London Line

The Phase 2 plans of the East London Line extension incorporate an extension from Surrey Quays along the South London Line to Clapham Junction.[36] This would then create an orbital network around Central London, fulfilling the Orbirail concept.

The route would follow the National Rail line from Queens Road Peckham as far as Wandsworth Road, then branch off at Factory Junction, passing through Battersea towards Clapham Junction. This route crosses over Loughborough Junction and Brixton stations,[36] and the plans have been criticised for missing opportunities to create new interchange stations with Thameslink services and the London Underground Victoria line respectively.[40][41] Under current proposals, no stations are planned at these locations as the line is on high railway arches, making the cost of any station construction prohibitive.[42]

TfL had previously suggested it should be funded as part of the Thameslink Programme,[43] due to capacity constraints at London Bridge station once the Thameslink upgrade has taken place. Network Rail's South London Route Utilisation Strategy has also very strongly emphasised the need for this extension to the ELL, particularly in respect of the even more restricted capacity during the reconstruction of London Bridge.

In the March 2008 edition of the Londoner newspaper TfL announced an intention to take over more routes in South London when Southern's franchise runs out in 2009.[44] However, this plan was not included in the franchise tender documents, nor in the 2008 ten-year plan. [45]

The South London Line has now received all the funding to get the project started. £64 million has been received from the DfT and £15 million from TfL. The route is scheduled to open in May 2012.[46]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c "Introducing London Overground - a new era for London Rail". Transport for London. 2006-09-05. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3489.aspx. Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 
  2. ^ a b "London Overground plans unveiled". BBC News (bbc.co.uk). 2006-09-05. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/5316358.stm. Retrieved on 2007-06-19. 
  3. ^ "The Future of Rail - White Paper CM 6233". Department for Transport. 2004-07-15. http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/whitepapers/rail/. Retrieved on 2008-08-25. 
  4. ^ "Bob Kiley outlines proposals for London Regional Rail Authority". Transport for London. 2004-03-23. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/4359.aspx. Retrieved on 2008-08-25. 
  5. ^ "London Rail Authority". AlwaysTouchOut.com. 2006-09-07. http://www.alwaystouchout.com/project/66. Retrieved on 2008-08-25. 
  6. ^ "Department for Transport announces winner of new West Midlands franchise". Department for Transport. http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/rail/passenger/franchises/wmfranchise. 
  7. ^ Darling, Alistair (14 February 2006). "Silverlink Metro". Hansard. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/vo060214/wmstext/60214m11.htm#60214m11.html_spmin1. Retrieved on 2008-08-25. 
  8. ^ "London's new train set" (PDF leaflet). Transport for London. 2007-11-11. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/guide-to-london-overground.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  9. ^ "Creating London Overground" (PDF leaflet). Transport for London. 2007-11-11. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/creating-london-overground.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. 
  10. ^ a b "All Change". The Londoner. November 2007. http://www.london.gov.uk/londoner/07nov/p8a.jsp?nav=around. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. 
  11. ^ "London Overground Signs Standard" (PDF guide). Transport for London. December 2007. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/creating-london-overground.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-02-17. 
  12. ^ "Transport for London confirms next bid stage for London Overground services". Transport for London. 2006-12-15. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3748.aspx. Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 
  13. ^ "Milestone reached in transformation of London's overland rail network as operator is announced". Greater London Authority. 2007-06-19. http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=12398. Retrieved on 2007-06-19. 
  14. ^ "MTR Laing beats Go-Ahead unit Govia to win North London rail franchise". Hemscott. http://www.hemscott.com/news/latest-news/item.do?newsId=45163729017190. Retrieved on 2007-06-19. 
  15. ^ "Deutsche Bahn acquires LOROL". LOROL. 2008-04-01. http://www.lorol.co.uk/lorol/News/Deutsche-Bahn-acquires-LOROL/. Retrieved on 2008-08-04. 
  16. ^ "London Overground network map" (PDF). Transport for London. 2007. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/London-Overground-Network-map.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-08-21. 
  17. ^ The fastest route between Clapham Junction and Stratford is still via London Waterloo, using South West Trains services and the Jubilee line. The operation of direct services on this route will mainly benefit passengers joining or alighting at intermediate stations and those who do not wish to travel via Zone 1
  18. ^ Latest Tube Map
  19. ^ a b "Tube Map" (PDF). Transport for London. 2008. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/standard-tube-map.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-09-03. 
  20. ^ "London Overground network map from 1 September 2008" (PDF). Transport for London. 2008. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/London-Overground-Network-map.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-08-25. 
  21. ^ "Response to Network Rail's Draft Cross London Route Utilisation Strategy" (PDF). Transport for London. February 2006. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/network-rail-rus-response.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-01-10. 
  22. ^ a b "London's Forgotten Railway: The Transport Committee's Review of the North London Railway" (PDF). Greater London Authority. March 2006. http://mayor.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/transport/n-london-line.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-03-17. 
  23. ^ "Your guide to fares and tickets (2 January 2008 until further notice)" (PDF). Transport for London. November 2007. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/guide-to-fares-and-tickets-08-01-02.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-07-10. 
  24. ^ a b c "Design standards". Transport for London. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/corporate/media/designstandards/default.asp?standard=rail. Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 
  25. ^ "Designing Modern Britain - London Transport". Design Museum, London. http://www.designmuseum.org/design/london-transport. Retrieved on 2008-08-25. 
  26. ^ "National Rail Trends 2008-2009 Quarter Three: September 08 - December 08" (PDF). Office of Rail Regulation. http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/upload/pdf/rolling-c2-railperf-q3.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-04-10. 
  27. ^ Frumin, Michael (2008). "Oyster-Based Performance Metrics for the London Overground". http://frumin.net/ation/2008/11/what_i_did_last_summer.html. 
  28. ^ "£36m contract to bring extra rail carriages for London Overground". Transport for London. 2007-07-04. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/5432.aspx. Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 
  29. ^ "In Pictures: Mayor Unveils New London Overground Train". The Londonist. 2009-07-13. http://londonist.com/2009/07/in_pictures_mayor_unveils_new_londo.php?gallery0Pic=2. Retrieved on 2009-07-14. 
  30. ^ "London Overground introduces Class 378 train fleet". Transport Briefing. 2009-07-13. http://www.transportbriefing.co.uk/news/story?id=6056. Retrieved on 2009-07-14. 
  31. ^ "Transport for London signs new train leasing contract". Transport for London. 2007-07-04. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/7525.aspx. Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 
  32. ^ "New Plans". The Barking - Gospel Oak Line User Group. http://www.barking-gospeloak.org.uk/temp_page2.htm. 
  33. ^ "The Underground Roundel moves Overground". Today's Railways (UK) (70): 24–30. September 2007. 
  34. ^ "Class 172 Turbostar". The Railway Centre. http://www.therailwaycentre.com/New%20DMU%20Tech%20Data%20/DMU_172.html. 
  35. ^ "London Overground & Orbirail". alwaystouchout.com. 2006-12-07. http://www.alwaystouchout.com/project/43#WatfordDC. Retrieved on 2007-01-10. 
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  37. ^ "TfL Operational and Financial Performance Report and Investment Programme Report - Fourth Quarter 2007/08" (PDF). Transport for London. 2008-06-25. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/5-Ops-and-Finance-Report-Quarter-4.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-06-27.  at p. 66, para. 2.7: East London Line Extension
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Preceded by
London Underground
East London line operator
before 2007
Operator of London Overground
2007 - present
(East London Line from 2010)
Incumbent
Preceded by
Silverlink
North London Railways franchise
before 2007
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