London Underground rolling stock

Part of a series of articles on The Tube
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Underground trains come in two sizes, larger sub-surface trains and smaller tube trains. A Metropolitan Line A Stock train (left) passes a Piccadilly Line 1973 Stock train (right) in the siding at Rayners Lane.

The history of the London Underground's rolling stock is as complex as the history of the network itself. A wide variety of types have been operated, from the early days of steam locomotives and carriages through to today's electric multiple units. The different types used are listed here.

• For details of the numbering and classification systems used, see: London Underground rolling stock numbering and classification

Electric multiple units

Current stock

London Underground lines

Line	Current stock	Image	Introduced	Refurbished	Replacement	Due
Bakerloo	1972 Stock		1973	1989–1995	"Evo" new concept tube train	TBA
Central	1992 Stock		1993–1995	2011-	"Evo" new concept tube train	TBA
Circle	C Stock		1970	1990–1994	S Stock	2012
District main line	D Stock		1980–1983	2004–2008	S Stock	2013
District Edgware Road– Wimbledon	C Stock		1977	1990–1994	S Stock	2013
Hammersmith & City	C Stock		1970	1990–1994	S Stock	2012
Jubilee	1996 Stock		1997–1998	Not scheduled	None announced
Metropolitan	A Stock		1961–1963	1994–1998	S Stock	2010-2013
Metropolitan	S Stock		2010	Not scheduled	None announced
Northern	1995 Stock		1998–2001	Not scheduled	None announced
Piccadilly	1973 Stock		1975	1996–2001	"Evo" new concept tube train	TBA
Victoria	2009 Stock		2009–2011	Not scheduled	None announced
Waterloo & City	1992 Stock		1993	2006	"Evo" new concept tube train	TBA

Digital Voice Announcer (DVA)

On London Underground, all but the A stocks have automated DVAs fitted.

Emma Clarke provides the voice on the systems on the Bakerloo, District, Waterloo & City and Central lines, which share similar characteristics but are in different formats.

The C and S stocks, Jubilee, Victoria, Northern and Piccadilly lines all use different artists. The 1995 and 1996 are similar in style and they share the same "This train terminates at...." characteristic. The Piccadilly Line uses a different format altogether, "Please mind the gap between the train and the platform. This is Green Park, change here for the Jubilee and Victoria Lines. Alight here for Buckingham Palace. This is a Piccadilly Line service to Cockfosters".

Future tube stock

LUL has asked Alstom, Bombardier and Siemens to develop a new concept of lightweight, low-energy, semi-articulated, aluminium-bodied train for the deep-level lines, provisionally called "Evo" (for 'evolution'). It is intended that the first use of this stock will be for the next replacement of the existing 1970s trains on the Bakerloo, Central, Picadilly and Waterloo & City lines. LUL hopes that Evo trains will feature air-conditioning for the first time on any deep tube trains. This would be achieved by various measures to lower the weight by 30 tonnes and reduce energy consumption by 17%, and thus generate less heat to be dispersed in the tunnels. The trains will have a lower floor and 11% higher passenger capacity than the present tube stock, and will feature through gangways between cars. There is an intention to begin the procurement process in 2012.

Former and present-day rolling stock types

Tube stock

This is the general designation applied to the trains specially designed to run in the restricted space available in the tunnels used on part or all of the Bakerloo, Central, Northern, Piccadilly, Waterloo & City, Victoria and Jubilee Lines. The dimensions vary between individual designs but the common feature is the ability to run through a circular tunnel of approximately 13-foot (4.0 m) diameter. (The precise tunnel size varies from line to line.)

Stock	Line(s)	Withdrawn	Notes
1900 Stock	Central	1903	Central London Railway Gate Stock; originally locomotive hauled cars; locomotives scrapped 1905–1929; cars rebuilt into 1903 stock
1903 Stock	Central	1939	Gate Stock
1906 Stock	Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly	1929	Gate Stock; Aldwych shuttle survived until 1956
1914 Stock	Bakerloo	1935
1915 Stock	Central	1939
Watford Joint Stock	Bakerloo	1935
1920 Stock	Bakerloo, Piccadilly	1935
Standard Stock	Bakerloo, Central, Northern, Piccadilly	1961–67	Standard tube stock design built 1922–34
1935 Stock		1972	Streamline Prototype; articulated engineering prototype from 1972–1976
1938 Stock	Bakerloo, Northern	1988
1949 Stock	Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly	1972–78
1956 Stock	Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly	1999
1959 Stock	Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly	2000
1960 Stock	Central	by 1994	Prototype
1962 Stock	Central, Northern	1999
1967 Stock	Victoria	2011
1972 Stock	Bakerloo		In service
1973 Stock	Piccadilly		In service
1983 Stock	Jubilee	1998
1986 Stock	Central, Jubilee	1989	Prototypes
1992 Stock	Central, Waterloo & City		In service
1995 Stock	Northern		In service
1996 Stock	Jubilee		In service
2009 Stock	Victoria		In service

Sub-surface stock

This is the general designation (also known more simply as "Surface Stock") of the Underground trains constructed to width and height dimensions closer to those commonly used for railway vehicles in Great Britain, although in some cases (e.g. A60/62 stock) they slightly exceed various standard dimensions or clearances. They are used in the shallower (“sub-surface”) tunnels built with more generous clearances than the smaller diameter "tube" tunnels. The new trains for all lines are S stock. The old types of stock that are still in service are A60/A62(some withdrawn), C69/C77 and D78 stocks.

Stock	Line(s)	Withdrawn	Notes
A Stock	MDR	1925	Prototype
B Stock	MDR	1923–35
C Stock	MDR	1949	Rebuilt 1928
D Stock	MDR	1949	Rebuilt 1928
E Stock	MDR	1949	Rebuilt 1928
F Stock	Circle, H&C	1963
G Stock	District	1960–62	Later classified G23 and Q23 Stock
H Stock		1923–35	Rebuilt B stock cars
K Stock	District	1962–72	Converted to and classified as Q27 Stock in 1937
L Stock	District	1962–72	Converted to and classified as Q31 Stock in 1937
M Stock	District	1962–72	Converted to and classified as Q35 Stock in 1937
N Stock	District	1962–72	Converted to and classified as Q35 Stock in 1937
O/P Stock	Metropolitan	by 1981	Later CO/CP stock
Q38 Stock	District	by 1971
R38 and R49 Stock	District	by 1983
T Stock	Metropolitan	by 1962
A60/A62 Stock	East London Metropolitan	1961/2- 2012
C69/C77 Stock	Circle, District, H&C		In service
D78 Stock	District		In service
S Stock	Metropolitan H&C (from 2012) District (from 2013) Circle (from 2012)		Entering service

Locomotives

London Transport numbered all of its service stock locomotives into one unified series, regardless of the type.

Numbers	Built	Builder	Type	Use	Notes
L1–L6			B-B	Ealing-Southend through trains
L8–L9	?/before 1925	?/LT	B-B	Acton-Ealing stores ferries	rebuilt from Metropolitan District Railway (MDRy) battery locomotives
L10	1907/1930	AC&F/UERL	B-B	Acton Works yard shunter	ex-CCE&H motors 1 & 3
L11–L12			B-B	battery locomotives	ex-tube gate stock
L13–L20			B-B	ballast motors	ex-tube gate stock
L21			B-B	Wood Lane yard shunter	ex-Central London Railway (CLRy)
L24–L29			B-B	service motors	ex-tube gate stock
L32			B-B	battery locomotive	ex-tube gate stock
L33			B-B	Drayton Park yard shunter	ex-Metropolitan Railway (MET) 20; ex-Great Northern & City Railway
L34	1922	KS&C	0-4-2ST	Epping-Ongar shuttle	tube loading gauge; ex-Underground Electric Railways of London (UERL) "Brazil"
L35–L43	1936-37	GRCW	B-B	battery locomotives	L35 preserved at London's Transport Museum (LTM); Metadyne equipped installed in L41–L43, 1938
L44	1896	MET	0-4-4T		ex-MET 1
L45	1866	BP&C	4-4-0T		ex-MET 23; renumbered 23 and preserved at LTM
L46	1896	MET	0-4-4T		ex-MET 77
L47	1900	MET	0-4-4T		ex-MET 80
L48	1901	HL	0-4-4T		ex-MET 81
L49–L52	1901	YEC	0-6-2T		ex-MET 90-93
L53	1897	PECK	0-6-0ST		ex-MET 101
L54	1899	PECK	0-6-0ST		ex-MET 102
L55–L57	1951	PICK	B-B	battery locomotives
L58–L61	1952	PICK	B-B	battery locomotives
L62	1965	M-C	B-B	battery locomotive
L63	1923/1954	CL/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3463
L64	1923/1955	MC&W/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3500
L65	1923/1954	CL/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3453
L68	1923/1954	MC&W/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3494
L69–L70	1923/1954	MC&W/LPTB	B-B	ballast motors	ex-Standard stock DMs
L71	1923/1954	MC&W/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3507
L72	1923/1954	MC&W/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM
L73	1923/1954	MC&W/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM; replaced by L77, 1967
L74	1923/1954	MC&W/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3506
L75	1923/1954	MC&W/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3517
L76	1962	LPTB	B-B	battery locomotive	renumbered L33, 1974
L77	1931/1967	M-C/LPTB	B-B	ballast motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3183
DL81–DL82	1968	RR	0-6-0	Neasden/Lillie Bridge shunters	see Diesel locomotives
DL83	1967	RR	0-6-0	Neasden/Lillie Bridge shunter	see Diesel locomotives
L84/L85	1983/1986	M-B	B	Unimog road/rail shunter	see Diesel locomotives
L89	1929		0-6-0PT		ex-Great Western Railway (GWR) 5775, 1948; ex-British Railways (BR) 5775, 1963; preserved at Keighley & Worth Valley Railway (Yorkshire)
L90	1930		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 7711, 1948; ex-BR 7711, 1957
L90 (2nd)	1930		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 7760, 1948; ex-BR 7760, 1961; preserved at Birmingham Railway Museum (Birmingham)
L91	1929		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 5752, 1948; ex-BR 5752, 1958
L91 (2nd)	1929		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 5757, 1948; ex-BR 5757, 1960
L92	1929		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 5786, 1948; ex-BR 5786, 1958
L93	1930		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 7779, 1948; ex-BR 7779, 1959
L94	1930		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 7752, 1948; ex-BR 7752, 1960
L95	1929		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 5764, 1948; ex-BR 5764, 1960; preserved at SVA
L96	1930		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 7741, 1948; ex-BR 7741, 1961
L97	1930		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 7749, 1948; ex-BR 7749, 1962
L98	1930		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 7739, 1948; ex-BR 7739, 1962
L99	1930		0-6-0PT		ex-GWR 7715, 1948; ex-BR 7715, 1963; preserved at Buckinghamshire Railway Centre (Buckinghamshire)
L11	1931/1964	M-C/LPTB	B-B	Acton Works yard shunter	ex-Standard stock DM 3080/3109; preserved by London Underground Ltd. (LUL)
L13A–L13B	1938/1974	M-C/LTE	B-B+B-B	Acton Works shunter	ex-1938 DM 10130/11130
L14A–L14B	1937/69-70	M-C/LPTB/LTE		Acton Works shunter	articulated; ex-1935 DM 10011/11011, 1972
L15–L16	1970	M-C	B-B	battery locomotives
L17–L19	1971	M-C	B-B	battery locomotives
L20–L21	1964	M-C	B-B	battery locomotives
L22–L32	1965	M-C	B-B	battery locomotives	L25-L32 equipped with cab signalling
L30–L31	1931	HUNS	0-6-0ST	District works trains	ex-MDRy
L32			B-B	battery locomotive	ex-tube gate stock
L33	1962	LPTB		battery locomotive	ex-L76, 1974
L44–L54	1974	BREL	B-B	battery locomotives
L63–L65	1985	M-C	B-B	battery locomotives
L66–L67	1986	M-C	B-B	battery locomotives
ESL100	1903/1938	BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3960/3985; ex-CLRy motors
ESL101	1903/1939	MC&W BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3958/3983; ex-CLRy motors
ESL102	1903/1939	BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3990/3997; ex-CLRy motors
ESL103	1903/1939		B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-CLRy motors
ESL104	1903/1939	BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3971/3980; ex-CLRy motors
ESL105	1903/1939	MC&W BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3952/3965; ex-CLRy motors
ESL106	1903/1939	BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3984/3993; ex-CLRy motors
ESL107	1903/1939	MC&W BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3944/3981; ex-CLRy motors; preserved at LTM
ESL108	1903/1939	BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3989/3992; ex-CLRy motors
ESL109–ESL110	1903/1940		B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-CLRy motors
ESL111–ESL112	1903/1940	MC&W/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3956/3959 & 3945/3950; ex-CLRy motors
ESL113–ESL114	1903/1940	BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3962/3969 & 3967/3970; ex-CLRy motors
ESL115	1903/1940		B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-CLRy motors
ESL116–ESL117	1903/1940	MC&W BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-3953/3964 & 3954/3995; ex-CLRy motors
ESL118A+ESL118B	1932/1961	BRCW/LPTB	B-4-4-B	electric sleet locomotive	ex-T 2758/2749; renumbered 2758/2749 and preserved at Spa Valley Railway (Tunbridge Wells)
L120–L129	1931-34	M-C	B-B	pilot motor	ex-Standard stock DMs, 1967
L130–L131	1934	M-C	B-B	pilot motor	ex-Standard stock DMs 3690/3693, 1967; L 130 preserved by LUL
L132	1931-34	M-C	B-B	pilot motor	ex-Standard stock DM, 1967
L134	1927	MC&W	B-B	pilot motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3370, 1967
L135	1934	M-C	B-B	pilot motor	ex-Standard stock DM 3701, 1967; preserved by LUL
DEL120	1942	LPTB	B-B		diesel-electric locomotive; ex-CLRy motors
L126–L129	1938	GRCW	B-B	pilot motor	ex-Q38 DM 4416-4419, 1971; L126-L127 renumbered 4416-4417 and preserved at LTM
L132–L133	1960/1987	CRAV/BREL	B-B	Track Recording Car pilot motors	ex-1960 DM 3901/3905
L140	1938	M-C	B-B	ballast motor	ex-1938 DM 10088, 1973
L141	1938	M-C	B-B	ballast motor	ex-1938 DM 11067, 1975
L142–L143	1938	M-C	B-B	ballast motor	ex-1938 DMs 10021/10065, 1973
L144–L145	1938	M-C	B-B	ballast motor	ex-1938 DMs 10257/11027, 1975
L146–L147	1938	M-C	B-B	ballast motor	ex-1938 DMs 10034/11034, 1976
L148–L149	1938	M-C	B-B	ballast motor	ex-1938 DMs 10022/11104, 1977
L150	1938/1977	M-C/LTE	B-B	weed killer motor	ex-1938 DM 10327
L151	1938/1977	M-C/LTE	B-B	weed killer motor	ex-1938 DM 11327
L152–L155	1938	M-C	B-B	ballast motor	ex-1938 DMs 10266/11266/10141/11141, 1978

Abbreviations
AC&F	American Car and Foundry Company	Philadelphia USA
BP&C	Beyer, Peacock and Company	Gorton, Manchester
BRCW	Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company	Birmingham
BREL	British Railways Engineering Ltd.	Doncaster
CL	Cammell Laird	Birkenhead
CRAV	Cravens Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd.	Sheffield
DM	Driving Motor
GRCW	Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company	Gloucester
HL
HN	Hurst, Nelson and Company	Motherwell
HUNS	Hunslet Engine Company	Hunslet, Leeds
KS&C	Kerr, Stuart and Company	Stoke-on-Trent
LPTB	London Passenger Transport Board	Acton Works
LT/LTE	London Transport (Executive)	Acton Works
M-B	Mercedes-Benz	Germany
M-C	Metro Cammell	Birmingham
MC&W	Metropolitan Carriage, Wagon and Finance Company	Birmingham
MET	Metropolitan Railway	Neasden Works
P&C	Peckett & Company	St. George, Bristol
PICK	Pickering
R&R	Ransome and Rapier	Ipswich
RR	Rolls-Royce	Shrewsbury
TH	Thomas Hill	Rotherham
UERL	Underground Electric Railways of London	Acton Works
YEC	Yorkshire Engine Company	Sheffield

Steam locomotives

Metropolitan Railway

Restored Metropolitan Railway A Class locomotive Nº 23, at the London Transport Museum.

Concern about smoke and steam in the tunnels led to new designs of locomotive. Before the line opened in 1861 rials were made with the experimental "hot brick" locomotive nicknamed Fowler's Ghost. This was unsuccessful and the first public trains were hauled by broad gauge GWR Metropolitan Class condensing 2-4-0 tank engines designed by Daniel Gooch. They were followed by standard gauge Great Northern Railway locomotives and then by the Metropolitan Railway's own standard gauge locomotives. The locomotives were all tank engines and known by letters of the alphabet.

Numbers	Built	Builder	Type	Works Nos.	Class	Notes
0011–9	1864	BP&C	4-4-0T	0412412–419	A	all services
01010–18	1864	BP&C	4-4-0T	0421421–429	A	all services
01919–23	1866	BP&C	4-4-0T	0706706–710	A	all services; 23 to LT L45
02424–28	1868	BP&C	4-4-0T	0770770–774	A	all services
02929–33	1869	BP&C	4-4-0T	0853853–857	A	all services; possibly works numbers 775-779
034.134–38	1868	WEC	0-6-0T		–	St. John’s Wood Extension line
034.234–38	1879	BP&C	4-4-0T	1878–1882	B	all services
03939–44	1869	BP&C	4-4-0T	0863863–868	A	all services
04040–49	1870	BP&C	4-4-0T	0893893–897	A	all services
05050–53	1880	BP&C	4-4-0T	1937–1940	B	all services
05454–56	1880	BP&C	4-4-0T	1944–1946	B	all services
05757–59	1880	BP&C	4-4-0T	1941–1943	B	all services
06060–64	1884	BP&C	4-4-0T	2579–2583	B	all services
06565–66	1885	BP&C	4-4-0T	2674–2675	B	all services
06767–70	1891	N&C	0-4-4T	4352–4355	C	all services
07171–72	1895	SS&C	2-4-0T	4055–4056	D	Aylesbury/Verney Junction
07373–76	1895	SS&C	2-4-0T	4075–4078	D	Aylesbury/Verney Junction
07777–78	1896	MR	0-4-4T		E	Aylesbury line; 77 to LT L46
079.179	1897	MR	0-4-4T		E	renumbered 1
079.279–80	1900	RWHL	0-4-4T	2474–2475	E	Aylesbury line; 80 to LT L47
08181–82	1901	RWHL	0-4-4T	2476–2477	E	Aylesbury line; 81 to LT L48
09090–93	1901	YEC	0-6-2T	0624624–627	F	heavy work; to LT L49-L52
09494–95	1915	YEC	0-6-4T		G	express passenger
09696–97	1916	YEC	0-6-4T		G	express passenger
100	1886	HC&C	0-4-0ST		S	shunter; 1884?
101	1897	P&C	0-6-0ST	0664664	S	Finchley Road shunting; to LT L53
102	1899	P&C	0-6-0ST	0823823	S	Finchley Road shunting; to LT L54
103–106	1920	KS&C	4-4-4T	4088–4091	H	express passenger; to LNER H2 6415-6418, 1935
107–110	1921	KS&C	4-4-4T	4092–4095	H	express passenger; to LNER H2 6419-6422, 1935
111–116	1924	AW&C	2-6-4T		K	goods; to LNER L2 6158-6163, 1935

Builders
AW&C	Armstrong Whitworth and Company	Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne
BP&C	Beyer, Peacock and Company	Gorton, Manchester
HC&C	Hudswell Clarke and Company	Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire
KS&C	Kerr, Stuart and Company	Stoke-on-Trent
MR	Metropolitan Railway	Neasden Works
N&C	Neilson and Company	Glasgow, Scotland
P&C	Peckett & Company	St. George, Bristol
RWHL	R. & W. Hawthorne, Leslie and Company	Newcastle upon Tyne
SS&C	Sharp, Stewart and Company	Manchester
WEC	Worcester Engine Company	Worcester
YEC	Yorkshire Engine Company	Sheffield

Preserved units

Metropolitan Railway A Class No. 23 (LT L45) is preserved by the London Transport Museum.

Metropolitan Railway E Class No. 1 (LT L44) is preserved at the Buckinghamshire Railway Centre and is generally kept in working order.

District Railway

The first services were run by the Metropolitan Railway, but in 1871 began running its own services. The first locomotives were identical to the Metropolitan Railway A Class already in use. Twenty were supplied initially, followed by fifteen in the next fifteen years.

Electric locomotives

Main article: London Underground electric locomotives

All electric locomotives were withdrawn from passenger service by 1962, when electrification from Rickmansworth to Amersham was completed.

Diesel locomotives

Main article: London Underground Diesel Locomotives

Until the construction of the Jubilee Line Extension in 1996, London transport only operated a half-dozen diesel locomotives. The first was an unsuccessful experimental unit constructed during World War 2. The other five were special-purpose shunting units.

Numbers	Built	Builder	Type	Use	Notes
1–14	1996	Schöma	B	Jubilee Line Extension	Named Britta Lotta, Nikki, Claire, Pam, Sophie, Denish, Annemarie, Emma, Debora, Clementine, Joan, Melanie, Michele & Carol.
DL81–DL82	1968	Rolls-Royce, Shrewsbury	0-6-0	Neasden/Lillie Bridge shunters	Serial numbers 10278/10272; purchased from Thomas Hill in 1971; DL81 preserved at Rutland Railway Museum (Cottesmore); DL82 preserved at Great Eastern Traction (Hardingham).
DL83	1967	Rolls-Royce, Shrewsbury	0-6-0	Neasden/Lillie Bridge shunter	Serial number 10271; purchased from Thomas Hill in 1971; preserved at Nene Valley Railway (Cambridgeshire).
L84	1983	Mercedes-Benz	B	road/rail shunter	Unimog; registration A456NWX.
L85	1986	Mercedes-Benz	B	road/rail shunter	Unimog; registration C622EWT.
DEL120	1942	LPTB	B-B	experimental prototype	Diesel-electric locomotive; constructed from two former Central London Railway motor cars.

Battery-electric locomotives

A large number of battery-electric locomotives are still in service as departmental units.

Hauled carriages

• Coaching stock — Former-BR coaching stock used for special-services on Metropolitan Line

Engineering trains

• Departmental stock — Former units converted for various departmental roles
• Engineering stock
• Sleet locomotives

Sources

• Hardy, Brian (1976). London Underground Rolling Stock (1st ed.). London: Capital Transport. pp. 76. ISBN 0-904711-01-3. 
• Bruce, J. Graeme (1979). Tube trains under London (2nd ed.). London: London Transport. pp. 122. ISBN 0-85329-095-4. 
• Bruce, J. Graeme (1983). Steam to Silver: A history of London Transport Surface Rolling Stock (2nd ed.). London: Capital Transport. pp. 124. ISBN 1-904711-45-5. 
• Hardy, Brian (2001). Underground Train File: Tube Stock 1933-1959. London: Capital Transport. pp. 96. ISBN 1-85414-235-6. 
• Hardy, Brian (2002). Underground Train File: Surface Stock 1933-1959. London: Capital Transport. pp. 120. ISBN 1-85414-247-X. 
• Hardy, Brian (2002). London Underground Rolling Stock (15th ed.). London: Capital Transport. pp. 112. ISBN 1-85414-263-1.