Lord of the Flies (1963 film)

Lord of the Flies
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Peter Brook
Produced by	Lewis M. Allen
Written by	Peter Brook
Based on	Lord of the Flies by William Golding
Starring	James Aubrey Tom Chapin Hugh Edwards
Music by	Raymond Leppard
Cinematography	Tom Hollyman
Editing by	Peter Brok Gerald Feil Jean-Claude Lubtchansky
Distributed by	British Lion (UK) Continental Distributing (US)
Release date(s)	May 1963 (1963-05) (Cannes) August 13, 1963 (1963-08-13) (United States)
Running time	92 minutes
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Budget	$250,000

Lord of the Flies is a 1963 film adaptation of William Golding's novel of the same name. It was directed by Peter Brook and produced by Lewis M. Allen, known since for producing films based on modern-classic novels. The film was in production for much of 1961 though the film was not released until 1963. Golding himself supported the film. When Kenneth Tynan was a script editor for Ealing Studios he commissioned a script of Lord of the Flies from Nigel Kneale, but Ealing Studios closed in 1959 before it could be produced.

Plot

A group of English schoolchildren, living in the midst of a war, are evacuated from England. Their airliner is shot down by briefly glimpsed fighter planes, and ditches near a remote island.

The main character Ralph is seen walking through a tropical forest. He meets an intelligent and chubby boy, who reveals his school nickname was Piggy, but asks that Ralph not repeat that. The two go to the beach where they find a conch shell which Ralph blows to rally the other survivors. As they emerge from the jungle it becomes clear that only school pupils have escaped the crash. Singing is heard and a small column of school choir boys, wearing dark cloaks and hats, appears walking in pairs, led by a boy named Jack.

The boys decide to appoint a chief. The vote goes to Ralph, and not Jack. Initially Ralph is able to steer the children (all of whom appear to be aged between about six and fourteen) towards a reasonably civilised and co-operative society. Only boys holding the conch are allowed to speak during meetings. The choir boys make wooden spears, further reinforcing their appearance as an army within the group. Critically Jack has a knife, capable of killing an animal.

The boys build shelters and start a fire using Piggy's glasses. With no rescue in sight, the increasingly authoritarian and violence-prone Jack starts hunting and eventually finds a pig. Meanwhile, the fire, for which he and his "hunters" are responsible, goes out, keeping them hidden from a passing airplane. Piggy chastises Jack, and Jack strikes him in retaliation, knocking his glasses off, and breaking one lens on the rocks. Ralph is furious with Jack. Soon some of the children begin to talk of a beast that comes from the water. Jack, obsessed with this imagined threat, leaves the group to start a new tribe, one without rules, where the boys play and hunt all day. Soon, more follow until only a few, including Piggy, are left with Ralph.

Events reach a crisis when a boy named Simon finds a sow's head impaled on a stick, left by Jack as an offering to the Beast. He becomes hypnotized by the head, which has flies swarming all around it. Simon goes to what he believes to be the nest of the Beast, and finds a dead pilot under a hanging parachute. Simon runs to Jack's camp to tell them the truth, only to be killed in the darkness by the frenzied children who mistake him for the Beast. The new group raids the old group's camp and steal Piggy's glasses. Ralph goes to talk to the new group using the still-present power of the conch to get their attention. However when Piggy takes the conch, they are not silent (as their rules require) but instead jeer. The boys push down a large rock and crush Piggy.

Ralph hides in the jungle. Jack and his hunters set fires to smoke him out, and Ralph staggers across the smoke-covered island. Stumbling onto the beach, Ralph falls at the feet of a naval officer who stares in shock at the painted and spear-carrying savages that the children have become, before turning to his accompanying landing party. A small boy reaches up to the officer to check that he is real. The last scene shows Ralph weeping as flames spread across the island.

Cast

• James Aubrey as Ralph
• Tom Chapin as Jack
• Hugh Edwards as Piggy
• Roger Elwin as Roger
• Tom Gaman as Simon
• David Surtees as Sam
• Simon Surtees as Eric

Theme

As with Golding's book, the pessimistic theme of the film is that fear, hate and violence are inherent in the human condition – even when innocent children are placed in seemingly idyllic isolation. The realisation of this is seen as being the cause of Ralph's distress in the closing shots .

Production

Filming

The parents of those chosen are reported to have been provided copies of the novel, from which a commentary had been physically removed; those pages included describing the culmination of the hunt of a wild sow as an "Œdipal wedding night".

The film was shot entirely in Puerto Rico at Aguadilla, El Yunque and on the island of Vieques. The boys in the cast had mostly not read the book, and actual scripting was minimal; scenes were filmed by explaining them to the boys, who then acted them out, with some of the dialogue improvised.^{[citation needed]}

The NYC premiere of the film was attended by some of the original cast members followed by a photo shoot in Times Square (picture subsequently published in a Life Magazine article) and a party at Sardis' attended by others such as Zero Mostel.^{[citation needed]}

Trivia

In the final scene the sailors rescuing the children are clearly marked as belonging to the British Navy destroyer HMS Troubridge.

Song

The song, heard throughout the film, of the boys singing is Kyrie Eleison which, translated from Greek, means "Lord, have mercy". It is an expression used in a prayer of the Christian liturgy.

Reception

Critical response

The film received almost universally positive reviews; based on 12 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an overall approval rating from critics of 100%, with an average score of 7.9/10.

Accolades

Peter Brook was nominated for the Golden Palm at the 1963 Cannes Film Festival.

Home media

The Criterion Collection released it on DVD in America and Canada. Janus Films also released the DVD in the UK.

External links

• Lord of the Flies at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
• Lord of the Flies at the Internet Movie Database
• Lord of the Flies at AllRovi
• Lord of the Flies at Rotten Tomatoes
• Criterion Collection essay by Peter Brook