Lower Lufeng Series

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The Lower Lufeng Series (or Lower Lufeng Formation) is a Lower Jurassic sedimentary rock formation found in Yunnan, China. It has two units: the lower Dull Purplish Beds are of Hettangian age, and Dark Red Beds are of Sinemurian age. It is known for its fossils of early dinosaurs. The Dull Purplish Beds have yielded the possible therizinosaur Eshanosaurus, the possible theropod Lukousaurus, and the "prosauropods" "Gyposaurus" sinensis, Lufengosaurus, Jingshanosaurus, and Yunnanosaurus. Dinosaurs discovered in the Dark Red Beds include the theropod "Dilophosaurus" sinensis, the "prosauropods" "Gyposaurus", Lufengosaurus, and Yunnanosaurus, indeterminate remains of sauropods, and the early armored dinosaurs Bienosaurus and Tatisaurus.^[1]

[edit] Paleofauna

Crurotarsans reported from the Lower Lufeng Series
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes
Dianchungosaurus^[2]	D. lufengensis^[2]	Yunnan^[2]	Dark Red Beds^[2]		Formerly considered an ornithopod dinosaur.

Indeterminate ornithopod remains Yunnan. Dark Red Beds.^[1]

Ornithischians reported from the Lower Lufeng Series
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes
Bienosaurus^[2]	B. lufengensis^[2]	Yunnan^[2]	Dark Red Beds^[2]	A right "[d]entary with teeth,"^[3] with additional cranial fragments such as a partial frontal. These specimens are catalogued as IVPP V 9612. The dentary preserves 11 teeth or roots with two additional empty alveoli.
Tatisaurus^[2]	T. oehleri^[2]	Yunnan^[2]	Dark Red Beds^[2]	"Isolated dentary."^[3]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative data are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ data are discredited.

Sauropodomorphs reported from the Lower Lufeng Series
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Chuxiongosaurus^[4]	C. lufengensis^[4]	Yunnan^[4]		"Skull^[4]		"Gyposaurus" sinensis Jingshanosaurus Lufengosaurus Yunnanosaurus
Gyposaurus^[5]	G. sinensis^[5]	Yunnan^[5]	~~Dark Red Beds~~^[2] Dull Purplish Beds^[6]	"[Two] skeletons, [one] with partial skull, [two] partial skeletons, [three] skull fragments, adult."^[7]
Fulengia^[2]	F. youngi^[2]	Yunnan^[2]	Dark Red Beds^[2]	"Skull."^[8]
Jingshanosaurus^[6]	J. xinwaensis^[6]	Yunnan^[6]	Dull Purplish Beds^[6]	"Complete skeleton with skull, adult."^[7]
Kunmingosaurus^[2]	K. wusdingensis^[2]	Yunnan^[2]	Dark Red Beds^[2]
Lufengosaurus^[5]	L. huenei^[5]	Yunnan^[5]	Dark Red Beds^[2] Dull Purplish^[6]		"(including Gyposaurus sinensis, L. magnus)"^[1]
Lufengosaurus^[5]	L. magnus^[5]	Yunnan^[5]	Dark Red Beds^[2] Dull Purplish^[6]
Tawasaurus^[2]	T. minor^[2]	Yunnan^[2]	Dark Red Beds^[2]
Yunnanosaurus^[5]	Y. huangi^[5]	Yunnan^[5]	Dark Red Beds^[2] Dull Purplish^[6]	"More than [twenty] partial to complete skeletons, [two] skulls, juvenile to adult."^[8]
Yunnanosaurus^[5]	Y. robustus^[5]	Yunnan^[5]	Dark Red Beds^[2] Dull Purplish^[6]

[edit] Theropods

Theropods reported from the Lower Lufeng Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Dilophosaurus^[2]	D. sinensis^[2]	Yunnan^[2]	Dark Red Beds^[2]			"Dilophosaurus" sinensis
Eshanosaurus^[6]	E. deguchiianus^[6]	Yunnan^[6]	Dull Purplish Beds^[6]	"Dentary."^[9]	Possible therizinosaur.
Lukousaurus^[5]	L. yini^[5]	Yunnan^[5]	Dark Red Beds^[2] Dull Purplish Beds^[6]
Sinosaurus^[5]	S. triassicus^[5]	Yunnan^[5]	Dark Red Beds^[2] Dull Purplish Beds^[6]		Actually indeterminate theropod remains.^[5]

^ ^a ^b ^c Weishampel, et al. 2004.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai "48.3 Yunnan, People's Republic of China; 2. Dark Red Beds of the Lower Lufeng Series," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 534.
^ ^a ^b "Table 15.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 336.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lü Junchang, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Li Tianguang and Zhong Shimin (2010). "A New Basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan Province, Southwestern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 84 (6): 1336–1342. http://www.geojournals.cn/dzxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201006003&flag=1.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t "48.3 Yunnan, People's Republic of China; 1. Dull Purplish Beds of the Lower Lufeng Series and 2. Dark Red Beds of the Lower Lufeng Series" in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 534.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o "48.3 Yunnan, People's Republic of China; 1. Dull Purplish Beds of the Lower Lufeng Series," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 534.
^ ^a ^b "Table 12.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 234.
^ ^a ^b "Table 12.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 236.
^ "Table 7.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 152.

Barrett, P.M.; and Xu X. (2005). "Reassessment of Dianchungosaurus lufengensis Yang, 1982, an enigmatic reptile from the Lower Lufeng Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China". Journal of Paleontology 79: 981–986. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0981:ARODLY]2.0.CO;2.
Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

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