Lu (state)
| State of Lu 魯國 |
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| Capital | Qufu | ||||
| Religion | Chinese folk religion, ancestor worship, Taoism | ||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||
| Duke | Hereditary dukes of the House of Ji (姬) | ||||
| History | |||||
| - | Established | circa 1042 BC | |||
| - | Annexed by Chu | 249 BC | |||
Lu (Chinese: 魯國; pinyin: Lǔ Guó, circa 1042–249 BC) was a vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. Founded in the 11th century BC, its rulers were from a cadet branch of the House of Ji (姬) that ruled the Zhou Dynasty. The first duke was Boqin, a son of Duke of Zhou, brother of King Wu of Zhou and regent to King Cheng of Zhou.[1]
The state's capital was in Qufu and its territory mainly covered the central and southwest regions of what is now Shandong Province. It was bordered to the north by the powerful state of Qi and to the south by the powerful state of Chu. Although a Qi invasion was defeated in the Battle of Changshao in 684 BC, the state was in decline during the Spring and Autumn Period. The political power of Lu was eventually split among the powerful feudal clans of Jisun, Mengsun, and Shusun (called the Three Huans because they were descendants of Duke Huan of Lu) until Duke Mu of Lu made a reform, while the land of Mengsun and Shusun was occupied by Qi and the House of Jisun founded their own state named Fei (费).
In 249 BC King Kaolie of the state of Chu invaded and annexed Lu. Duke Qing, the last ruler of Lu, became a commoner.[1][2]
Lu was the home state of Confucius. The Annals of Spring and Autumn was written to record the history of Lu. Another great work of Chinese history, Zuo Zhuan was also written in Lu.
Rulers [edit]
List of Lu rulers based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian:[2][1]
| Title | Given name | Reign | Relationship |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boqin | c. 1042–997 BC | son of Duke of Zhou | |
| Duke Kao | You | 998–995 BC | son of Boqin |
| Duke Yang | Xi or Yi | 994–989 BC | brother of Duke Kao |
| Duke You | Zai or Yu | 988–975 BC | son of Duke Yang |
| Duke Wei | Fei | 974–925 BC | brother of Duke You |
| Duke Li | Zhuo or Di | 924–888 BC | son of Duke Wei |
| Duke Xian | Ju | 887–856 BC | brother of Duke Li |
| Duke Shen | Bi or Zhi | 855–826 BC | son of Duke Xian |
| Duke Wu | Ao | 825–816 BC | brother of Duke Shen |
| Duke Yi | Xi | 815–807 BC | son of Duke Wu |
| none | Boyu | 806–796 BC | nephew of Duke Yi |
| Duke Xiao | Cheng | 795–769 BC | brother of Duke Yi |
| Duke Hui | Fuhuang or Fusheng | 768–723 BC | son of Duke Xiao |
| Duke Yin | Xigu | 722–712 BC | son of Duke Hui |
| Duke Huan | Yun | 711–694 BC | brother of Duke Yin |
| Duke Zhuang | Tong | 693–662 BC | son of Duke Huan |
| Ziban | Ban | 662 BC | son of Duke Zhuang |
| Duke Min | Qi | 661–660 BC | son of Duke Zhuang |
| Duke Xi | Shen | 659–627 BC | son of Duke Zhuang |
| Duke Wen I | 626–609 BC | son of Duke Xi | |
| Duke Xuan | Wo | 608–591 BC | son of Duke Wen I |
| Duke Cheng | Heigong | 590–573 BC | son of Duke Xuan |
| Duke Xiang | Wu | 572–542 BC | son of Duke Cheng |
| Ziye | Ye | 542 BC | son of Duke Xiang |
| Duke Zhao | Chou | 541–510 BC | son of Duke Xiang |
| Duke Ding | Song | 509–495 BC | brother of Duke Zhao |
| Duke Ai | Jiang | 494–467 BC | son of Duke Ding |
| Duke Dao | Ning | 466–429 BC | son of Duke Ai |
| Duke Yuan | Jia | 428–408 BC | son of Duke Dao |
| Duke Mu | Xian | 407–377 BC | son of Duke Yuan |
| Duke Gong | Fen | 376–353 BC | son of Duke Mu |
| Duke Kang | Tun | 352–344 BC | son of Duke Gong |
| Duke Jing | Yan | 343–323 BC | son of Duke Kang |
| Duke Ping | Shu | 322–303 BC | son of Duke Jing |
| Duke Wen II | Jia | 302–278 BC | son of Duke Ping |
| Duke Qing | Chou | 277–249 BC | son of Duke Wen II |
References [edit]
- ^ a b c Sima Qian. "鲁周公世家" [House of Duke of Zhou of Lu]. Records of the Grand Historian (in Chinese). Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- ^ a b Han, Zhaoqi (2010). "House of Duke of Zhou of Lu". Annotated Shiji (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. p. 2691. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3.
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