Ludwigsburg

Ludwigsburg
Ludwigsburg Palace, inner courtyard
Ludwigsburg
Coordinates	48°53′51″N 9°11′32″E
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region	Stuttgart
District	Ludwigsburg
Mayor	Werner Spec
Basic statistics
Area	43.33 km2 (16.73 sq mi)
Elevation	293 m  (961 ft)
Population	88,673 (31 December 2011)
- Density	2,046 /km2 (5,300 /sq mi)
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	LB
Postal codes	71634–71642
Area code	07141
Website	www.ludwigsburg.de

Ludwigsburg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of Stuttgart city centre, near the river Neckar. It is the largest and primary city of the Ludwigsburg urban district with about 87,000 inhabitants. It is situated within the administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of Stuttgart.

History

The middle of Neckarland, where Ludwigsburg lies, was settled in the stone and bronze ages. Numerous archaeological sites from the Hallstatt period remain in the city and surrounding area.

Towards the end of the 1st century, the area was occupied by the Romans. They pushed the Limes further to the east around 150 and controlled the region until 260, when the Alamanni occupied the Neckarland. Evidence of the Alamanni settlement can be found in grave sites in the city today.

View of the upper grounds of Ludwigsburg Palace.

Hunting Lodge Favorite.

Castle Monrepos.

The origins of Ludwigsburg date from the beginning of the 18th century (1718–1723) when the largest baroque castle in Germany, Ludwigsburg Palace was built by Duke Eberhard Ludwig von Württemberg. Originally, the Duke planned to just build one country home (albeit a palace), which he began building in 1704. However, the examples of other princes fostered a desire to project his absolutist power by establishing a city. To the baroque palace, he added a hunting lodge and country seat, called Schloss Favorite (1713–1728), and the Seeschloss (castle on the lake) Monrepos (1764–1768).

A settlement began near the palace in 1709 and a town charter was granted on 3 April 1718. That same year, Ludwigsburg became a bailiff's seat, which eventually became the rural district of Ludwigsburg in 1938.

In the years between 1730 and 1800, the royal seat of residence changed back and forth several times between Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg. In 1800, Württemberg was occupied by France under Napoleon Bonaparte and was forced into an alliance. In 1806, the Kurfürst (Prince-Elector) Friedrich was made king of Württemberg by Napoleon. In 1812, the Württembergish army was raised in Ludwigsburg for Napoleon's Russian campaign. Of the 15,800 Württemberg soldiers who served, just a few hundred returned.

In 1921, Ludwigsburg became the largest garrison in southwest Germany. In 1945, Ludwigsburg was made a "Kreisstadt" (urban district), and later, when the Baden-Württemberg municipal code took effect on 1 April 1956, the city was named a major urban district. In 1956 the tradition of the German garrison town was taken up again by the Bundeswehr, Germany's federal armed forces.

2004 was the 300th birthday of Residenzschloss Ludwigsburg, celebrated by the opening of the Baroque Gallery and the Ceramic Museum in the Residenzschloss.

Jews and World War II

Jewish families began living in Ludwigsburg during the 19th century and in 1884, a synagogue was built on Solitudestraße. The synagogue was later destroyed by storm troopers during the pogrom of November 1938. In 1988, the perimeter of the structure was marked out in plaster on the site. A 1959 memorial and newer memorial plaques commemorate the Jewish Holocaust victims and extol human rights.

In 1940, a Nazi propaganda film, Jud Süß, was filmed in Ludwigsburg. The film was based on a historical figure, Joseph Süß Oppenheimer, who was executed in Stuttgart in 1738; Oppenheimer lived in Ludwigsburg.

During World War II, the city suffered moderate damage compared to other German cities. There were 1500 deaths. It was the home of the prisoner-of-war camp Stalag V-A from October 1939 till April 1945. After the war, there was a large displaced persons camp which housed several thousand mainly Polish displaced persons until about 1948. After 1945 until the middle of 1946, there was also an allied internment camp for war criminals in Ludwigsburg and the U.S. Army maintained the Pattonville barracks on the edge of town, large enough to have its own American high school. The land was returned to Germany in 1994.

On 27 September 2008, the first 12 Stolpersteine were laid in Ludwigsburg. They are part of a project by artist Gunter Demnig to memorialize individuals who perished under Nazi persecution. Demnig was back in Ludwigsburg on 7 October 2009 to install more Stolpersteine.

Business and industry

The North-South Powerline, includes a large transformer station Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck, built in 1926, which still exists today. It is a central junction in the power lines of Baden-Württemberg to this day.

On 5 October 1957, the first 380kV-powerline in Germany between the transformer station Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck and Rommerskirchen went into service.

Local businesses

• GdF Wüstenrot, building and loan association
• Beru AG, automotive supplier
• Getrag GmbH, automotive supplier
• Mann+Hummel, manufacturer of automotive filtration products
• Kreissparkasse Ludwigsburg, bank
• Volksbank Ludwigsburg, bank

City government

The town council has 40 members. The last local election was on 7 June 2009. The voter participation was 45.35%. The results of the election were:

Party	Seats	%
CDU	10	24.80%
SPD	8	18.73%
Freie Wähler	7	17.82%
The Greens	7	17.48%
FDP	4	9.79%
LUBU	2	5.32%
Die Linke	1	3.66%
REP	1	2.41%

Coat of arms

Ludwisburg emblem.

The Coat of Arms is blue with an angular red flagpole and golden banner depicting a large black eagle with red beak and talons.

The city banner is black and yellow and was introduced in 1750.

Public institutions

In 1966, the Pädagogische Hochschule, a teaching college, and the "Staatliche Sportschule Ludwigsburg" (State Sports School) were opened. In 1991, the national film school Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg was established in Ludwigsburg, which won several national and international awards.

Other educational institutions

• Carl-Schaefer-Schule (German)
• Elly-Heuss-Knapp Realschule (German)
• Eugen-Bolz Hauptschule (German)
• Friedrich-Schiller-Gymnasium (German)
• Goethe-Gymnasium (German)
• Gottlieb-Daimler Realschule (German)
• Moerike-Gymnasium (German)
• Oststadt Hauptschule (German)
• Otto-Hahn-Gymnasium (German)
• Uhlandschule Hauptschule (German)

Sports

Ludwigsburg has six teams in the top level of professional sports. They are EnBW Ludwigsburg (Basketball), both formations A and B of the dance team (1. Tanzclub Ludwigsburg), the Latin-formation (TSC Ludwigsburg), the Hockey-Club Ludwigsburg 1912 e. V. and the riflery team of Ludwigsburg. Additionally there are numerous amateur clubs for various sports.

Districts

Ludwigsburg consists of following districts:

• Innenstadt
• Weststadt
• Oststadt
• Schlösslesfeld
• Eglosheim
• Grünbühl
• Hoheneck, with a therapeutic and thermal bath, opened in 1907
• Neckarweihingen
• Oßweil
• Pflugfelden
• Poppenweiler

Neighbouring towns

The following towns are neighbouring towns of Ludwigsburg, starting north of the city and going clockwise: Freiberg am Neckar, Benningen am Neckar, Marbach am Neckar, Erdmannhausen, Affalterbach, Remseck am Neckar, Kornwestheim, Möglingen, Asperg und Tamm.

Population growth

Year Population 01718-01-011718 600 01726-01-011726 2,442 01774-01-011774 11,607 01803-01-011803 5,248 01843-12-033 Dec 1843 ¹ 10,726 01871-12-011 Dec 1871 ¹ 11,785 01875-12-011 Dec 1875 ¹ 13,800 01880-12-011 Dec 1880 ¹ 14,700 01885-12-011 Dec 1885 ¹ 16,187 01890-12-011 Dec 1890 ¹ 17,418 01895-12-022 Dec 1895 ¹ 19,311 01900-12-011 Dec 1900 ¹ 19,436

Year Population 01905-12-011 Dec 1905 ¹ 22,585 01910-12-011 Dec 1910 ¹ 24,926 01916-12-011 Dec 1916 ¹ 19,377 01917-12-055 Dec 1917 ¹ 19,206 01919-10-088 Oct 1919 ¹ 23,303 01925-06-1616 Jun 1925 ¹ 28,861 01933-06-1616 Jun 1933 ¹ 34,135 01939-05-1717 May 1939 ¹ 43,505 01945-12-3131 Dec 1945 38,804 01946-10-2929 Oct 1946 ¹ 49,635 01950-09-1313 Sep 1950 ¹ 58,489 01956-09-2525 Sep 1956 ¹ 69,535

Year Population 01961-06-066 Jun 1961 ¹ 73,512 01965-12-3131 Dec 1965 76,555 01970-05-2727 May 1970 ¹ 78,019 01975-12-3131 Dec 1975 83,622 01980-12-3131 Dec 1980 81,589 01985-12-3131 Dec 1985 76,973 01987-05-2525 May 1987 ¹ 78,884 01990-12-3131 Dec 1990 82,343 01995-12-3131 Dec 1995 86,810 02000-12-3131 Dec 2000 86,897 02005-12-3131 Dec 2005 87,673 02006-06-3030 Jun 2006 87,295

¹ Population census

Notable people

Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg, enrolled the young Friedrich Schiller in the Karlsschule Stuttgart (an elite military academy he had founded) in 1773, where Schiller eventually studied medicine. The Duke was very demanding of his students, and Schiller's childhood was a lonely and unhappy one, but he was greatly enriched by the excellent education he received. It was there that he wrote his first play, Die Räuber ("The Robbers"), about a group of naïve revolutionaries and their tragic failure.

Leopold Mozart visited Württemberg with his son, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in July 1763 and said, "Ludwigsburg is a very special town."

Present and former residents of Ludwigsburg

• Ilse Koch, the wife of Karl Koch, the commandant of the concentration camps Buchenwald from 1937 to 1941 and Majdanek from 1941 to 1943.
• Horst Köhler, former Federal President of Germany and previous managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) grew up in Ludwigsburg.
• Hans Scholl, student and member of the Nazi resistance group, the White Rose, executed by the Nazis
• Sophie Scholl, student and member of the Nazi resistance group, the White Rose, executed by the Nazis
• Friedrich Silcher wrote music in Ludwigsburg
• Carl Maria von Weber wrote music in Ludwigsburg.

People born in Ludwigsburg

• Charles Pfizer (1824–1906), chemist and founder of Pfizer Inc.
• Wilhelm Groener (1867–1939), soldier and politician
• Caesar von Hofacker (1896–1944), soldier and Nazi resistance member, hanged for treason
• Eduard von Kallee (1818–1888), general, painter und archaeologist
• Richard Kallee (1854–1933), pastor of Stuttgart-Feuerbach
• Justinus Kerner (1786–1862), writer and physician
• Hartmut Michel (1948- ), co-recipient of 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• Eduard Mörike (1804–1874), poet and theologian
• Karl Ludwig von Phull (1757–1826), general
• Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (1739–1791), poet
• Tony Schumacher (1848–1931), author of children's books
• Hugo Sperrle (1885-1953), German field marshal of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
• David Friedrich Strauß (1808–1874), theologian and writer
• Albert Veiel (1806–1874), dermatologist
• Friedrich Theodor Vischer (1807–1887), theologian, professor, and politician
• Reinhard von Werneck (1757–1842), soldier and director of Munich's Englischer Garten

Twin towns (sister cities)

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Ludwigsburg is twinned with:

• Montbéliard, France, since 1950
• Caerphilly, United Kingdom, since 1960
• Eupatoria, Ukraine, since 1990
• Saint Charles, Missouri, USA, since 1995

Further reading

• Andrea Hahn: Ludwigsburg, Stationen einer Stadt, Andreas Hackenberg Verlag, Ludwigsburg 2004, ISBN 3-937280-02-2
• Gernot von Hahn, Friedhelm Horn: Ludwigsburg, Stadt der Schlösser und Gärten, Medien-Verlag Schubert, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-929229-55-2
• Bruno Hahnemann: Ludwigsburg. Stadt - Schlösser - Blühendes Barock, Verlag Ungeheuer + Ulmer, Ludwigsburg 1979
• on the sidelines, Frederick Forsyth: The Odessa File (ISBN 0-553-27198-9)
• Annette Weinke, Eine Gesellschaft ermittelt gegen sich selbst. Die Geschichte der Zentralen Stelle Ludwigsburg 1958-2008 (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2008).
• Hans H. Pöschko (Hg.), Die Ermittler von Ludwigsburg. Deutschland und die Aufklärung nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen (Berlin: Metropol 2008).
• Tobias Herrmann / Gisela Müller, Mitteilungen aus dem Bundesarchiv. Themenheft 2008: Die Außenstelle Ludwigsburg (Koblenz: Bundesarchiv 2008).

External links

• Official website of the City of Ludwigsburg
• Tourism Information about Ludwigsburg (German)

• Ludwigsburg at the Open Directory Project