The Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg is a postgraduate education institution and an American Civil War site of 1863 Battle of Gettysburg military engagements,[8] including the "last stand of the Union 1st Corps on Seminary Ridge."[9] The school is the 2nd oldest U.S. Lutheran seminary (cf. 1797 Hartwick lutheran seminary & 1791 St Mary's catholic seminary) and includes Gettysburg Battlefield monuments and cannon, a Martin Luther memorial, and a memorial garden (battle interments were moved to the Gettysburg National and southern cemeteries).
[edit] History
By 1819,[when?] a Pennsylvania Ministerium committee (Rev. John George Schmucker, D.D., Conrad Jaeger and H. A. Muhlenberg) began planning a Protestant seminary. After the board of directors first met on March 2, 1826; a selection group of 9 rejected proposals from Carlisle, Pennsylvania (at Dickinson College) and Hagerstown, Maryland;[11] and the "Gettysburg Theological Seminary"[12] was established on August 1, 1826.[13] Samuel Simon Schmucker was elected the first professor and the seminary opened with 11 students on September 5, 1826,[14] at the 1810[15] Gettysburg Academy building.[4] In 1832 the seminary moved to its first building on the ridge west of the borough[16] between the Chambersburg Pike and Nichol's Gap Road, north of the site used for Herman Haupt's residence and his 1837 Oakridge Select Academy[4] ("Mrs. Schultz" residence during the battle).[17]
- Battle of Gettysburg
- With 2 professor residences during the American Civil War ("C.P.Krauth" & "S.S.Schmucker"),[17] the seminary was the site of Battle of Gettysburg, First Day, combat and had buildings burned[not in citation given] during the battle.[5] The Schmucker Hall cupola was used as an observatory on June 30,[6] and"the Schmucker house" residence was later ransacked by Confederates.[18] On July 1 from ~4 p.m. until dark, the Third Richmond Howitzers (with "four 3 inch rifles") fired from the seminary onto Cemetery Hill and received counterfire [7] (Robert E. Lee's headquarters was north of the seminary). Seminary buildings became field hospitals (Amos Blakeslee was a doctor,[8] and Sarah Broadhead was a nurse)[9] and the last patient of the seminary's Old Dorm left on September 16, 1863.[19]
In 1868 seminary land was purchased for the Gettysburg Springs Railroad (now Springs Avenue) and the faculty expanded[clarification needed] to a 4th professor (James W. Richard) in 1889.[18] In 1895 during the battlefield commemorative era, the Gettysburg Park Commission telfordized the seminary's north-south avenue[20] (resurfaced in 1927). In 1896, the seminary had 2 academic buildings, 4 professor dwellings, a hospital, and ~38 acres (15 ha).[11] After preceding faculty chairmen beginning with Schmucker, the 1st seminary president[who?] was designated in 1906;[18] and the park commission had placed 2 Confederate 3" rifles, 2 other Confederate guns, and 2 Union 12 pounders ("False Napolean")[4] along the avenue by 1912.[21] During the World War II labor shortage, the seminary assisted with the county's 1942 apple harvest [10] before German POWs became available, and a seminary auxiliary was organized in 1953.[11] Circa 1960 the seminary purchased the nearby Elsie Singmaster Lewars home[18] and in 1961, the Adams County Historical Society moved from the courthouse basement[12] to Old Dorm (added to the NRHP in 1974).[19] The 2011 "Crossroads Campaign" planned $1.8 million of fundraising for chapel renovations.[22]
[edit] References
- ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5RFUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jDkNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6863,408345&dq=seminary-chapel+gettysburg&hl=en
- ^ http://www.ltsg.edu/Friends-Supporters/Crossroads-Campaign/Campaign-Resources/Chapel-RenewCamp2011_swpa
- ^ "Member Institutions of the Washington Theological Consortium". Washington Theological Consortium. http://www.washtheocon.org/members.html. Retrieved tbd.
- ^ a b c d Swain, Craig (January 14, 2008). "Stevens' Battery" (HMdb.org webpage, marker 15298). http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=15298. Retrieved 2012-02-21. (different from Stevens' Battery: 5th Maine, 1st Corps monument on Stevens Knoll)
- ^ "X_Value=-77.24433 &Y_Value=39.83162". USGS Elevation Web Service Query. United States Geological Survey. http://gisdata.usgs.gov/xmlwebservices2/elevation_service.asmx/getElevation?X_Value=-77.2445&Y_Value=39.8316&Elevation_Units=FEET&Source_Layer=-1&Elevation_Only=FALSE. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
- ^ Google maps
- ^ "Lutheran Theological Seminary Memorial Garden". FindAGrave.com. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&CRid=2342834. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
- ^ Wentz, Abdel Ross (1926). History of the Gettysburg Theological Seminary…1826—1926. The United Lutheran Publication House.
- ^ [{{URL|example.com|optional display text}} "Annual Gettysburg battlefield walks to begin"]. The Evening Sun. July 1, 2008. {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
- ^ Beitler, Lewis Eugene (editor and compiler) (December 31, 1913) (Google Books). Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg: Report of the Pennsylvania Commission (Report). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Wm. Stanley Bay (state printer). http://books.google.com/books?id=swkTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA49. Retrieved 2011-08-11.
- ^ a b "The Gettysburg Seminary…History and Needs" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler. August 18, 1896. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mOIyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1QAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1592,898517&dq=gettysburg+seminary&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-08-11. "Gettysburg and the people of Adams county, including many from Hanover [in York Co.], offered $7,000 in cash, and the trustees of the old [Gettysburg] academy the use of that building."
- ^ "Gettysburg Theological Seminary" (Google News Archives). The Adams Sentinel. April 23, 1928. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6YwlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1PIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3310,7609437&dq=gettysburg+seminary&hl=en. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ [Treasurer] (September 6, 1926). "Theological Seminary" (Google News Archive). The Republican Compiler. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SpMlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tvIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4776,468286&dq=gettysburg+seminary&hl=en. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ "Gettysburg Seminary to Observe its Centenary" (Google News Archive). The Daily Times (Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania). September 18, 1926. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S6YiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=P68FAAAAIBAJ&pg=2923,1765292&dq=gettysburg-seminary+chapel&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-08-11. "the cupola of the seminary building was used as a lookout point by General Buford and General Reynolds"
- ^ Beitel, Calvin Gustavus (1874) (Google books). A Digest of Titles of Corporations Chartered by the Legislature …. J. Campbell & son. http://books.google.com/books?id=Zr0ZAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Gettysburg+Plank+Road%22&q=Gettysburg#v=snippet&q=Gettysburg&f=false. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
- ^ Joswick, Dave (editor) (February/March 2008). "Buford's View: July 1, 1863 (advertisement)". The Gettysburg Companion. Times and News Publishing Company. p. 16.
- ^ a b M.S. & E. Converse (1858) (Library of Congress mapviewer). G. M. Hopkins survey (Map). http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3823a.la000697. Retrieved 2011-11-04. (image also available at SimmonsGames.com)
- ^ a b c d "[tbd newspaper article][specify]" (Google News Archive). The Gettysburg Times (Times and News Publishing Company). 1963. "Old Dorm was used as an observation post first by General Reynolds"
- ^ a b "Headquarters: Brief History of Schmucker Hall". Adams County Historical Society. Achs-pa.org. http://www.achs-pa.org/headquarters/. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
- ^ http://www.gdg.org/Research/Authored%20Items/BCRReports/1895.html
- ^ http://www.gdg.org/Research/Authored%20Items/BCRReports/1911.html
- ^ "Gettysburg Seminary Announces Matching Gift Opportunity". Upper Susquehanna Synod. date tbd. http://www.uss-elca.org/gettysburg-seminary-announces-matching-gift-opportunity. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
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