Lycaena

Lycaena
Lycaena virgaureae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Lycaenidae
Subfamily:	Lycaeninae
Genus:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807
Synonyms
Antipodolycaena Smart, 1975 Boldenaria Zhdanko, 1995 Chalceria Scudder, 1876 Chrysophanus Hübner, 1818 (rejected) Chysoptera Zincken, 1817 Disparia Verity, 1943 (non Nagano, 1916: preoccupied Epidemia Scudder, 1876 Helleia Verity, 1943 Heodes Dalman, 1816 Hermelycaena L.D.Miller & F.M.Brown, 1979 Hyllolycaena L.D.Miller & F.M.Brown, 1979 Loweia Tutt, 1906 Lycia Sodovskii, 1837 (non Hübner, 1825: preoccupied) Migonitis Sodovskii, 1837 (non Rafinesque, 1815: preoccupied "Palaeochrysophanus" Verity, 1934 (nomen nudum) Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1943 Palaeoloweia Verity, 1934 Rapsidia Sibatani, 1974 Rumicia Tutt, 1906 Tharsalea Scudder, 1876 Thersamolycaena Verity, 1957 Thersamonia Verity, 1919 and see text

Lycaena is a butterfly genus with a world-wide range. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as Antipodolycaena. Many formerly independent genera are nowadays subsumed within Lycaena, and the genus Gaiedes may well belong herein too.

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups:
The helle species-group:

• Lycaena helle ([Schiffermüller], 1775) – Violet Copper
• Lycaena irmae Bailey, 1932
• Lycaena li (Oberthür, 1886)
• Lycaena ouang (Oberthür, 1891)
• Lycaena pang (Oberthür, 1886)
• Lycaena svenhedini (Nordström, 1935)
• Lycaena tseng (Oberthür, 1886)

The phlaeas species-group:

• Lycaena cupreus (Edwards, 1870) – Lustrous Copper
• Lycaena kiyokoae Sakai, 1978
• Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) – Small Copper, Common Copper, American Copper
• Lycaena sichuanica Bozano & Weidenhoffer, 2001

Unknown species group:

• Lycaena bathinia Snellen, 1899
• Lycaena clarki Dickson, 1971 – Eastern Sorrel Copper
• Lycaena evansii (de Nicéville, 1902)
• Lycaena kasyapa (Moore, 1865) – Green Copper
• Lycaena orbitulus (Esper, 1800) – Greenish Mountain Blue
• Lycaena orus (Stoll, [1780]) – Western Sorrel Copper
• Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830)
• Lycaena pallida Miskin, 1891
• Lycaena panava (Westwood, 1852)
• Lycaena pavana (Kollar, [1844]) – White-bordered Copper
• Lycaena standfussi (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891)
• Lycaena susanus (Swinhoe, 1889)
• Lycaena tityrus Poda, 1761 – Sooty Copper
• Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758) – Scarce Copper
• Lycaena younghusbandi Elwes, 1906
• Lycaena zariaspa (Moore, 1874)

The thersamolycaena species-group:

• Lycaena aeolus Wyatt, 1961
• Lycaena aeolides (Churkin, 1999)
• Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775) – Purple-shot Copper
• Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1802) – Large Copper
• Lycaena splendens (Staudinger, 1881)
• Lycaena violaceus (Staudinger, 1892)

The thersamonia species-group:

• Lycaena aditya Moore, [1875]
• Lycaena alaica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)
• Lycaena alpherakyi Grum-Grshimailo, 1888
• Lycaena attila (Zhdanko, 1990)
• Lycaena asabinus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])
• Lycaena hyrcana (Neuburger, 1903)
• Lycaena kurdistanica Riley, 1921
• Lycaena ochimus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])
• Lycaena phoebus (Blachier, 1905) – Moroccan Copper
• Lycaena solskyi Erschoff, 1874
• Lycaena thersamon (Esper, 1784) – Lesser Fiery Copper
• Lycaena thetis Klug, 1834 – Fiery Copper or Golden Copper

The phoenicurusia species-group:

• Lycaena margelanica (Staudinger, 1881)

The hyrcanana species-group:

• Lycaena caspius (Lederer, 1869)
• Lycaena ophion Hemming, 1933
• Lycaena pamira (Nekrutenko, 1983)
• Lycaena sartha (Staudinger, 1886)
• Lycaena sultan (Lang, 1884)

The tharsalea species-group:

• Lycaena arota (Boisduval, 1852) – Tailed Copper

The thaeides species-group:

• Lycaena dione (Scudder, 1868)
• Lycaena editha Mead, 1878 – Edith's Copper
• Lycaena gorgon (Boisduval, 1852) – Gorgon Copper
• Lycaena xanthoides (Boisduval, 1852) – Great Gray Copper

The hyllolycaena species-group:

• Lycaena hyllus (Cramer, [1775]) – Bronze Copper

The chalceria species-group:

• Lycaena ferrisi Johnson & Balogh, 1977 – Ferris' Copper
• Lycaena heteronea Boisduval, 1858 – Blue Copper
• Lycaena rubidus (Behr, 1866) – Ruddy Copper

The epidemia species-group:

• Lycaena dorcas Kirby, 1837 – Dorcas Copper or Cinquefoil Copper
• Lycaena dospassosi McDunnough, 1940
• Lycaena epixanthe (Boisduval & Leconte, [1833]) – Bog Copper
• Lycaena helloides (Boisduval, 1852) – Purplish Copper
• Lycaena nivalis Boisduval, 1869 – Nivalis Copper
• Lycaena mariposa (Reakirt, 1866) – Mariposa Copper

The hermelycaena species-group:

• Lycaena hermes (Edwards, 1870) – Hermes Copper

The heodes species-group:

• Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) – Grecian Copper
• Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761) – Sooty Copper
• Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758) – Scarce Copper

The palaeochrysophanus species-group:

• Lycaena candens (Herrich-Schäffer, [1844])
• Lycaena hippothoe (Linnaeus, 1761) – Purple-edged Copper

Subgenus Antipodolycaena

• Lycaena boldenarum White, 1862
• Lycaena feredayi (Bates, 1867) – Glade Copper
• Lycaena rauparaha (Fereday, 1877)
• Lycaena salustius (Fabricius, 1793) – Common Copper