Lymphotoxin beta
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For the snowboard company, see LTB (company). For lateral torsional buckling, see Buckling#Lateral-torsional_buckling.
| Lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3) | |||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||
| Symbols | LTB; TNFC; TNFSF3; p33 | ||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 600978 MGI: 104796 HomoloGene: 1752 GeneCards: LTB Gene | ||||||||||||
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| RNA expression pattern | |||||||||||||
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| More reference expression data | |||||||||||||
| Orthologs | |||||||||||||
| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||||
| Entrez | 4050 | 16994 | |||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000204487 | ENSMUSG00000024399 | |||||||||||
| UniProt | Q06643 | P41155 | |||||||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_002341 | NM_008518 | |||||||||||
| RefSeq (protein) | NP_002332 | NP_032544 | |||||||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 6: 31.55 – 31.55 Mb |
Chr 17: 35.19 – 35.2 Mb |
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| PubMed search | [1] | [2] | |||||||||||
Lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta) also known as tumor necrosis factor C (TNF-C) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTB gene.[1][2][3]
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Function [edit]
Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. The minor complex is lymphotoxin-alpha 2/beta 1. LTB is an inducer of the inflammatory response system and involved in normal development of lymphoid tissue. Lymphotoxin-beta isoform b is unable to complex with lymphotoxin-alpha suggesting a function for lymphotoxin-beta which is independent of lympyhotoxin-alpha. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[3]
Interactions [edit]
LTB has been shown to interact with Lymphotoxin alpha.[4][5][6]
References [edit]
- ^ Browning JL, Ngam-ek A, Lawton P, DeMarinis J, Tizard R, Chow EP, Hession C, O'Brine-Greco B, Foley SF, Ware CF (April 1993). "Lymphotoxin beta, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heteromeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface". Cell 72 (6): 847–56. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90574-A. PMID 7916655.
- ^ Browning JL, Androlewicz MJ, Ware CF (September 1991). "Lymphotoxin and an associated 33-kDa glycoprotein are expressed on the surface of an activated human T cell hybridoma". J Immunol 147 (4): 1230–7. PMID 1714477.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: LTB lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3)".
- ^ Williams-Abbott, L; Walter B N, Cheung T C, Goh C R, Porter A G, Ware C F (August 1997). "The lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) subunit is essential for the assembly, but not for the receptor specificity, of the membrane-anchored LTalpha1beta2 heterotrimeric ligand". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (31): 19451–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19451. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9235946.
- ^ Browning, J L; Sizing I D, Lawton P, Bourdon P R, Rennert P D, Majeau G R, Ambrose C M, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths D A, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin C D, Hochman P S (October 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 159 (7): 3288–98. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 9317127.
- ^ Browning, J L; Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon P R, Ehrenfels B N, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia A M, Lawton P, Meier W (January 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 154 (1): 33–46. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 7995952.
Further reading [edit]
- Messer G, Spengler U, Jung MC, et al. (1991). "Polymorphic structure of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus: an NcoI polymorphism in the first intron of the human TNF-beta gene correlates with a variant amino acid in position 26 and a reduced level of TNF-beta production.". J. Exp. Med. 173 (1): 209–19. doi:10.1084/jem.173.1.209. PMC 2118757. PMID 1670638.
- Abraham LJ, Du DC, Zahedi K, et al. (1991). "Haplotypic polymorphisms of the TNFB gene.". Immunogenetics 33 (1): 50–3. doi:10.1007/BF00211695. PMID 1671667.
- Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, et al. (1985). "Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization.". Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (17): 6361–73. doi:10.1093/nar/13.17.6361. PMC 321958. PMID 2995927.
- Holzinger I, de Baey A, Messer G, et al. (1995). "Cloning and genomic characterization of LST1: a new gene in the human TNF region.". Immunogenetics 42 (5): 315–22. doi:10.1007/BF00179392. PMID 7590964.
- Peelman LJ, Chardon P, Nunes M, et al. (1995). "The BAT1 gene in the MHC encodes an evolutionarily conserved putative nuclear RNA helicase of the DEAD family.". Genomics 26 (2): 210–8. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80203-X. PMID 7601445.
- Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, et al. (1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors.". J. Immunol. 154 (1): 33–46. PMID 7995952.
- Albertella MR, Campbell RD (1994). "Characterization of a novel gene in the human major histocompatibility complex that encodes a potential new member of the I kappa B family of proteins.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (5): 793–9. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.5.793. PMID 8081366.
- Iris FJ, Bougueleret L, Prieur S, et al. (1993). "Dense Alu clustering and a potential new member of the NF kappa B family within a 90 kilobase HLA class III segment.". Nat. Genet. 3 (2): 137–45. doi:10.1038/ng0293-137. PMID 8499947.
- Nakamura T, Tashiro K, Nazarea M, et al. (1996). "The murine lymphotoxin-beta receptor cDNA: isolation by the signal sequence trap and chromosomal mapping.". Genomics 30 (2): 312–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9872. PMID 8586432.
- Utans U, Quist WC, McManus BM, et al. (1996). "Allograft inflammatory factory-1. A cytokine-responsive macrophage molecule expressed in transplanted human hearts.". Transplantation 61 (9): 1387–92. doi:10.1097/00007890-199605150-00018. PMID 8629302.
- Nalabolu SR, Shukla H, Nallur G, et al. (1997). "Genes in a 220-kb region spanning the TNF cluster in human MHC.". Genomics 31 (2): 215–22. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0034. PMID 8824804.
- Laham N, Van Dunné F, Abraham LJ, et al. (1997). "Tumor necrosis factor-beta in human pregnancy and labor.". J. Reprod. Immunol. 33 (1): 53–69. doi:10.1016/S0165-0378(97)01012-7. PMID 9185077.
- Warzocha K, Renard N, Charlot C, et al. (1997). "Identification of two lymphotoxin beta isoforms expressed in human lymphoid cell lines and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238 (2): 273–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7277. PMID 9299492.
- Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P, et al. (1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes.". J. Immunol. 159 (7): 3288–98. PMID 9317127.
- de Baey A, Fellerhoff B, Maier S, et al. (1998). "Complex expression pattern of the TNF region gene LST1 through differential regulation, initiation, and alternative splicing.". Genomics 45 (3): 591–600. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4963. PMID 9367684.
- Shiina T, Tamiya G, Oka A, et al. (1998). "Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the 146-kilobase segment around the IkBL and MICA genes at the centromeric end of the HLA class I region.". Genomics 47 (3): 372–82. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5114. PMID 9480751.
- Bodor J, Habener JF (1998). "Role of transcriptional repressor ICER in cyclic AMP-mediated attenuation of cytokine gene expression in human thymocytes.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (16): 9544–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.16.9544. PMID 9545284.
- Neville MJ, Campbell RD (1999). "A new member of the Ig superfamily and a V-ATPase G subunit are among the predicted products of novel genes close to the TNF locus in the human MHC.". J. Immunol. 162 (8): 4745–54. PMID 10202016.
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