Lysophosphatidic acid
| Lysophosphatidic acid | |
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(2-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxypropyl) (Z)-octadec-9-enoate |
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Other names
LPA |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 22002-87-5  |
| PubChem | 5497152 |
| MeSH | lysophosphatidic+acid |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C21H41O7P |
| Molar mass | 436.52 g/mol |
 (verify) (what is:  / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid derivative that can act as a signaling molecule.[1]
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[edit] Function
LPA acts as a potent mitogen due to its activation of three high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors called LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3 (also known as EDG2, EDG4, and EDG7). Additional, newly identified LPA receptors include LPA4 (p2y9/GPR23), LPA5 (GPR92) and LPA6 (GPR87).
[edit] Clinical significance
Because of its ability to stimulate cell proliferation, aberrant LPA-signaling has been linked to cancer in numerous ways. Dysregulation of autotaxin or the LPA receptors can lead to hyperproliferation, which may contribute to oncogenesis and metastasis.
LPA may be the cause of pruritus (itching) in individuals with cholestatic (impaired bile flow) diseases.
[edit] GTPase activation
Downstream of LPA receptor activation, the small GTPase Rho can be activated, subsequently activating Rho kinase. This can lead to the formation of stress fibers and cell migration through the inhibition of myosin light-chain phosphatase.
[edit] Metabolism
There are a number of potential routes to its biosynthesis, but the most well-characterized is by the action of a lysophospholipase D called autotaxin, which removes the choline group from lysophosphatidylcholine.
Lysophosphatidic acid is also an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidic acid.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Reginald Garrett; Charles M. Grisham (28 December 2008). Biochemistry. Cengage Learning. pp. 235–. ISBN 9780495109358. http://books.google.com/books?id=iGPsen3fSOIC&pg=PA235. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
- Kremer AE, Martens JJ, Kulik W, Ruëff F, Kuiper EM, van Buuren HR, van Erpecum KJ, Kondrackiene J, Prieto J, Rust C, Geenes VL, Williamson C, Moolenaar WH, Beuers U, Elferink RP. Lysophosphatidic acid is a potential mediator of cholestatic pruritus. Gastroenterology. 2010 May 20. [Epub ahead of print]
- Moolenaar, W.H., Lysophosphatidic Acid, a Multifunctional Phospholipid Messenger. J. Biol. Chem. 1995. (270)22:12949. Article.
- Mills, G.B., Moolenaar, W.H., The Emerging role of lysophosphatidic acid in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2003. (8):582. Article
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