ME1

Malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic
PDB rendering based on 2aw5.
Available structures PDB 2aw5
Identifiers
Symbols	ME1; HUMNDME; MES
External IDs	OMIM: 154250 MGI: 97043 HomoloGene: 20540 GeneCards: ME1 Gene
EC number	1.1.1.40
Gene Ontology Molecular function • malic enzyme activity • malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity • malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity • binding • electron carrier activity • oxidoreductase activity • manganese ion binding • ADP binding • metal ion binding • NADP binding • NAD binding Cellular component • soluble fraction • cytoplasm • mitochondrion • cytosol Biological process • carbohydrate metabolic process • malate metabolic process • NADP biosynthetic process • response to hormone stimulus • response to carbohydrate stimulus • cellular lipid metabolic process • protein tetramerization Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4199	17436
Ensembl	ENSG00000065833	ENSMUSG00000032418
UniProt	P48163	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002395	NM_008615
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002386	NP_032641
Location (UCSC)	Chr 6: 83.92 – 84.14 Mb	Chr 9: 86.47 – 86.59 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

NADP-dependent malic enzyme is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ME1 gene.

This gene encodes a cytosolic, NADP-dependent enzyme that generates NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. The activity of this enzyme, the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate, links the glycolytic and citric acid cycles. The regulation of expression for this gene is complex. Increased expression can result from elevated levels of thyroid hormones or by higher proportions of carbohydrates in the diet.

Further reading

• Povey S, Wilson DE, Harris H, et al. (1978). "Sub-unit structure of soluble and mitochondrial malic enzyme: demonstration of human mitochondrial enzyme in human-mouse hybrids". Ann. Hum. Genet. 39 (2): 203–12. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1975.tb00123.x. PMID 1088824. 
• Tessarolo D, Liguori M, Giacanelli M (1991). "Human malic enzymes in heart and muscle: evidence of a selective distribution". Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol. 45 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/0885-4505(91)90002-3. PMID 2015102. 
• Taroni F, Di Donato S (1988). "Purification and properties of cytosolic malic enzyme from human skeletal muscle". Int. J. Biochem. 20 (8): 857–66. doi:10.1016/0020-711X(88)90075-4. PMID 3169368. 
• Chen TR, McMorris FA, Creagan R, et al. (1973). "Assignment of the genes for malate oxidoreductase decarboxylating to chromosome 6 and peptidase B and lactate dehydrogenase B to chromosome 12 in man". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 25 (2): 200–7. PMC 1762508. PMID 4689040. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1762508. 
• Bukato G, Kochan Z, Swierczyński J (1996). "Different regulatory properties of the cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of malic enzyme isolated from human brain". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 27 (10): 1003–8. doi:10.1016/1357-2725(95)00080-9. PMID 7496989. 
• González-Manchón C, Ferrer M, Ayuso MS, Parrilla R (1995). "Cloning, sequencing and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a NADP-dependent malic enzyme from human liver". Gene 159 (2): 255–60. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00004-P. PMID 7622060. 
• Bukato G, Kochan Z, Swierczyński J (1995). "Purification and properties of cytosolic and mitochondrial malic enzyme isolated from human brain". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 27 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/1357-2725(94)00057-3. PMID 7757881. 
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. 
• Chou WY, Huang SM, Chang GG (1996). "Nonidentity of the cDNA sequence of human breast cancer cell malic enzyme to that from the normal human cell". J. Protein Chem. 15 (3): 273–9. doi:10.1007/BF01887116. PMID 8804575. 
• González-Manchón C, Butta N, Ferrer M, et al. (1997). "Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the human cytosolic malic enzyme promoter: thyroid hormone responsiveness". DNA Cell Biol. 16 (5): 533–44. doi:10.1089/dna.1997.16.533. PMID 9174159. 
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. 
• Sylvius N, Tesson F, Gayet C, et al. (2001). "A new locus for autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy identified on chromosome 6q12-q16". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68 (1): 241–6. doi:10.1086/316929. PMC 1234920. PMID 11085912. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1234920. 
• Butta N, González-Manchón C, Arias-Salgado EG, et al. (2001). "Cloning and functional characterization of the 5' flanking region of the human mitochondrial malic enzyme gene. Regulatory role of Sp1 and AP-2". Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (10): 3017–27. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02194.x. PMID 11358520. 
• Yang Z, Lanks CW, Tong L (2002). "Molecular mechanism for the regulation of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme by ATP and fumarate". Structure 10 (7): 951–60. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00788-8. PMID 12121650. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature 425 (6960): 805–11. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Hsieh JY, Liu GY, Chang GG, Hung HC (2006). "Determinants of the dual cofactor specificity and substrate cooperativity of the human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme: functional roles of glutamine 362". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (32): 23237–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603451200. PMID 16757477.