MED1
Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MED1 gene.[1][2][3]
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[edit] Function
The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1 protein is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes [e.g., thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins that interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors]. It also regulates p53-dependent apoptosis and it is essential for adipogenesis. This protein is known to have the ability to self-oligomerize.[3]
[edit] Interactions
MED1 has been shown to interact with Thyroid hormone receptor alpha,[4] Androgen receptor,[5] Cyclin-dependent kinase 8,[6][7] Glucocorticoid receptor,[8][9] BRCA1,[10] Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha,[11][12] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,[13] PPARGC1A,[14] P53,[15][16] Estrogen receptor alpha,[7][17] TGS1[18] and Calcitriol receptor.[6][17]
[edit] References
- ^ Zhu Y, Qi C, Jain S, Rao MS, Reddy JK (Nov 1997). "Isolation and characterization of PBP, a protein that interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor". J Biol Chem 272 (41): 25500–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.41.25500. PMID 9325263.
- ^ Zhu Y, Qi C, Jain S, Le Beau MM, Espinosa R 3rd, Atkins GB, Lazar MA, Yeldandi AV, Rao MS, Reddy JK (Oct 1999). "Amplification and overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor binding protein (PBP/PPARBP) gene in breast cancer". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 (19): 10848–53. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.19.10848. PMC 17971. PMID 10485914. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=17971.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: PPARBP PPAR binding protein". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5469.
- ^ Yuan, C X; Ito M, Fondell J D, Fu Z Y, Roeder R G (Jul. 1998). "The TRAP220 component of a thyroid hormone receptor- associated protein (TRAP) coactivator complex interacts directly with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent fashion". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 95 (14): 7939–44. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.7939. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 20908. PMID 9653119. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=20908.
- ^ Wang, Qianben; Sharma Dipali, Ren Yunsheng, Fondell Joseph D (Nov. 2002). "A coregulatory role for the TRAP-mediator complex in androgen receptor-mediated gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (45): 42852–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206061200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12218053.
- ^ a b Ito, M; Yuan C X, Malik S, Gu W, Fondell J D, Yamamura S, Fu Z Y, Zhang X, Qin J, Roeder R G (Mar. 1999). "Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators". Mol. Cell (UNITED STATES) 3 (3): 361–70. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 10198638.
- ^ a b Kang, Yun Kyoung; Guermah Mohamed, Yuan Chao-Xing, Roeder Robert G (Mar. 2002). "The TRAP/Mediator coactivator complex interacts directly with estrogen receptors alpha and beta through the TRAP220 subunit and directly enhances estrogen receptor function in vitro". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 99 (5): 2642–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.261715899. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 122401. PMID 11867769. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=122401.
- ^ Zilliacus, J; Holter E, Wakui H, Tazawa H, Treuter E, Gustafsson J A (Apr. 2001). "Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity by 14--3-3-dependent intracellular relocalization of the corepressor RIP140". Mol. Endocrinol. (United States) 15 (4): 501–11. doi:10.1210/me.15.4.501. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 11266503.
- ^ Hittelman, A B; Burakov D, Iñiguez-Lluhí J A, Freedman L P, Garabedian M J (Oct. 1999). "Differential regulation of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation via AF-1-associated proteins". EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 18 (19): 5380–8. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.19.5380. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1171607. PMID 10508170. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1171607.
- ^ Wada, Osamu; Oishi Hajime, Takada Ichiro, Yanagisawa Junn, Yano Tetsu, Kato Shigeaki (Aug. 2004). "BRCA1 function mediates a TRAP/DRIP complex through direct interaction with TRAP220". Oncogene (England) 23 (35): 6000–5. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207786. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 15208681.
- ^ Maeda, Yutaka; Rachez Christophe, Hawel Leo, Byus Craig V, Freedman Leonard P, Sladek Frances M (Jul. 2002). "Polyamines modulate the interaction between nuclear receptors and vitamin D receptor-interacting protein 205". Mol. Endocrinol. (United States) 16 (7): 1502–10. doi:10.1210/me.16.7.1502. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 12089346.
- ^ Malik, Sohail; Wallberg Annika E, Kang Yun Kyoung, Roeder Robert G (Aug. 2002). "TRAP/SMCC/mediator-dependent transcriptional activation from DNA and chromatin templates by orphan nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4". Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States) 22 (15): 5626–37. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.15.5626-5637.2002. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 133960. PMID 12101254. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=133960.
- ^ Kodera, Y; Takeyama K, Murayama A, Suzawa M, Masuhiro Y, Kato S (Oct. 2000). "Ligand type-specific interactions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma with transcriptional coactivators". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (43): 33201–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000517200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10944516.
- ^ Wallberg, Annika E; Yamamura Soichiro, Malik Sohail, Spiegelman Bruce M, Roeder Robert G (Nov. 2003). "Coordination of p300-mediated chromatin remodeling and TRAP/mediator function through coactivator PGC-1alpha". Mol. Cell (United States) 12 (5): 1137–49. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00391-5. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 14636573.
- ^ Frade, R; Balbo M, Barel M (Dec. 2000). "RB18A, whose gene is localized on chromosome 17q12-q21.1, regulates in vivo p53 transactivating activity". Cancer Res. (United States) 60 (23): 6585–9. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 11118038.
- ^ Drané, P; Barel M, Balbo M, Frade R (Dec. 1997). "Identification of RB18A, a 205 kDa new p53 regulatory protein that shares antigenic and functional properties with p53". Oncogene (ENGLAND) 15 (25): 3013–24. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201492. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9444950.
- ^ a b Kitagawa, Hirochika; Fujiki Ryoji, Yoshimura Kimihiro, Mezaki Yoshihiro, Uematsu Yoshikatsu, Matsui Daisuke, Ogawa Satoko, Unno Kiyoe, Okubo Mataichi, Tokita Akifumi, Nakagawa Takeya, Ito Takashi, Ishimi Yukio, Nagasawa Hiromichi, Matsumoto Toshio, Yanagisawa Junn, Kato Shigeaki (Jun. 2003). "The chromatin-remodeling complex WINAC targets a nuclear receptor to promoters and is impaired in Williams syndrome". Cell (United States) 113 (7): 905–17. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00436-7. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 12837248.
- ^ Misra, Parimal; Qi Chao, Yu Songtao, Shah Sejal H, Cao Wen-Qing, Rao M Sambasiva, Thimmapaya Bayar, Zhu Yijun, Reddy Janardan K (May. 2002). "Interaction of PIMT with transcriptional coactivators CBP, p300, and PBP differential role in transcriptional regulation". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (22): 20011–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201739200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11912212.
[edit] Further reading
- Lee JW, Choi HS, Gyuris J, et al. (1995). "Two classes of proteins dependent on either the presence or absence of thyroid hormone for interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor.". Mol. Endocrinol. 9 (2): 243–54. doi:10.1210/me.9.2.243. PMID 7776974.
- Fondell JD, Ge H, Roeder RG (1996). "Ligand induction of a transcriptionally active thyroid hormone receptor coactivator complex.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (16): 8329–33. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8329. PMC 38670. PMID 8710870. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=38670.
- Drané P, Barel M, Balbo M, Frade R (1998). "Identification of RB18A, a 205 kDa new p53 regulatory protein that shares antigenic and functional properties with p53.". Oncogene 15 (25): 3013–24. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201492. PMID 9444950.
- Yuan CX, Ito M, Fondell JD, et al. (1998). "The TRAP220 component of a thyroid hormone receptor- associated protein (TRAP) coactivator complex interacts directly with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent fashion.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (14): 7939–44. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.7939. PMC 20908. PMID 9653119. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=20908.
- Ryu S, Zhou S, Ladurner AG, Tjian R (1999). "The transcriptional cofactor complex CRSP is required for activity of the enhancer-binding protein Sp1.". Nature 397 (6718): 446–50. doi:10.1038/17141. PMID 9989412.
- Gu W, Malik S, Ito M, et al. (1999). "A novel human SRB/MED-containing cofactor complex, SMCC, involved in transcription regulation.". Mol. Cell 3 (1): 97–108. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80178-1. PMID 10024883.
- Ito M, Yuan CX, Malik S, et al. (1999). "Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators.". Mol. Cell 3 (3): 361–70. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3. PMID 10198638.
- Rachez C, Lemon BD, Suldan Z, et al. (1999). "Ligand-dependent transcription activation by nuclear receptors requires the DRIP complex.". Nature 398 (6730): 824–8. doi:10.1038/19783. PMID 10235266.
- Näär AM, Beaurang PA, Zhou S, et al. (1999). "Composite co-activator ARC mediates chromatin-directed transcriptional activation.". Nature 398 (6730): 828–32. doi:10.1038/19789. PMID 10235267.
- Atkins GB, Hu X, Guenther MG, et al. (1999). "Coactivators for the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha.". Mol. Endocrinol. 13 (9): 1550–7. doi:10.1210/me.13.9.1550. PMID 10478845.
- Rachez C, Gamble M, Chang CP, et al. (2000). "The DRIP complex and SRC-1/p160 coactivators share similar nuclear receptor-binding determinants but constitute functionally distinct complexes.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (8): 2718–26. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.8.2718-2726.2000. PMC 85487. PMID 10733574. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=85487.
- Frade R, Balbo M, Barel M (2001). "RB18A, whose gene is localized on chromosome 17q12-q21.1, regulates in vivo p53 transactivating activity.". Cancer Res. 60 (23): 6585–9. PMID 11118038.
- Zilliacus J, Holter E, Wakui H, et al. (2001). "Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity by 14--3-3-dependent intracellular relocalization of the corepressor RIP140.". Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (4): 501–11. doi:10.1210/me.15.4.501. PMID 11266503.
- Crawford SE, Qi C, Misra P, et al. (2002). "Defects of the heart, eye, and megakaryocytes in peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-binding protein (PBP) null embryos implicate GATA family of transcription factors.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (5): 3585–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107995200. PMID 11724781.
- Frade R, Balbo M, Barel M (2002). "RB18A regulates p53-dependent apoptosis.". Oncogene 21 (6): 861–6. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205177. PMID 11840331.
- Kang YK, Guermah M, Yuan CX, Roeder RG (2002). "The TRAP/Mediator coactivator complex interacts directly with estrogen receptors alpha and beta through the TRAP220 subunit and directly enhances estrogen receptor function in vitro.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (5): 2642–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.261715899. PMC 122401. PMID 11867769. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=122401.
- Misra P, Qi C, Yu S, et al. (2002). "Interaction of PIMT with transcriptional coactivators CBP, p300, and PBP differential role in transcriptional regulation.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (22): 20011–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201739200. PMID 11912212.
- Ge K, Guermah M, Yuan CX, et al. (2002). "Transcription coactivator TRAP220 is required for PPAR gamma 2-stimulated adipogenesis.". Nature 417 (6888): 563–7. doi:10.1038/417563a. PMID 12037571.