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Grover Cleveland (1837–1908) was both the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Cleveland is the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885–1889 and 1893–1897) and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for President three times—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was the only Democrat elected to the Presidency in the era of Republican political domination that lasted from 1860 to 1912. Cleveland's admirers praise him for his honesty, independence, integrity, and commitment to the principles of classical liberalism. As a leader of the Bourbon Democrats, he opposed imperialism, taxes, subsidies and inflationary policies, but as a reformer he also worked against corruption, patronage, and bossism. Critics complained that he had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nation's economic disasters—depressions and strikes—in his second term. Even so, his reputation for honesty and good character survived the troubles of his second term. (more...)

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November 23: Labour Thanksgiving Day in Japan; St George's Day in Georgia

• 1644 – In opposition to licensing and censorship during the English Civil War, John Milton's Areopagitica was published, arguing for the right to free expression.
• 1890 – William III of the Netherlands died without a living male heir, allowing his ten-year-old daughter Wilhelmina (pictured) to succeed him to the Dutch throne.
• 1963 – The first episode of Doctor Who premiered on BBC television, with William Hartnell in the title role, eventually becoming the longest-running science fiction television show in the world.
• 1971 – The People's Republic of China was given China's permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council.
• 1996 – Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 was hijacked by three Ethiopians seeking political asylum, then crashed into the Indian Ocean near Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 125 of the 175 people on board.

More anniversaries: November 22 – November 23 – November 24