Makhachkala
| Makhachkala (English) Махачкала (Russian) МахIачхъала (Avar) Магьачкъала (Kumyk) |
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.svg) Location of the Republic of Dagestan in Russia |
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 Makhachkala
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| Coordinates: 42°58′N 47°30′E / 42.967°N 47.5°ECoordinates: 42°58′N 47°30′E / 42.967°N 47.5°E | |
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| Administrative status (as of April 2006) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Republic of Dagestan |
| Administratively subordinated to | City of Makhachkala[1] |
| Capital of | Republic of Dagestan[citation needed] |
| Administrative center of | City of Makhachkala[1] |
| Municipal status (as of November 2006) | |
| Urban okrug | Makhachkala Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Makhachkala Urban Okrug[2] |
| City Head[citation needed] | Said Amirov[citation needed] |
| Representative body | Assembly of Deputies[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 466.3 km2 (180.0 sq mi)[citation needed] |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
577,990 inhabitants[3] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 26th |
| Population (2002 Census) | 462,412 inhabitants[4] |
| - Rank in 2002 | 37th |
| Density | 1,240 /km2 (3,200 /sq mi)[5] |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00)[6] |
| Founded | 15th century[citation needed] |
| Previous names | Petrovskoye (until 1857),[citation needed] Petrovsk-Port (until 1921)[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8722[citation needed] |
| Official website | |
| Makhachkala on WikiCommons | |
Makhachkala (Russian: Махачкала́; Avar: МахIачхъала; Lezgian: Магьачкъала; Kumyk: Магьачкъала, Mağaçqala) is the capital city of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 577,990.[3]
Contents |
[edit] History
Makhachkala's historic predecessor was the town of Tarki, now a near suburb, whose history goes back to the 15th century and possibly much earlier. The modern city of Makhachkala was founded in 1844 as a fortress; town status was granted in 1857. The original Russian name of the city was Petrovskoye (Петро́вское)—after the Russian tsar Peter the Great who visited the region in 1722. However, among the locals it was known as Anzhi-Qala (A Fortress of Soil, Qala or Kala قلعه means Fortress in Arabic and Turkic). The city was renamed Petrovsk-Port (Петро́вск-Порт) in 1857, sometimes simply Petrovsk, and then Makhachkala in 1921. The city incurred major damage during the earthquake of May 14, 1970. It was shortly renamed as Shamilkala in 1920s.
In January 1919, during the Russian Civil War, the British based No. 221 Squadron Royal Air Force at Petrovsk. In March they were joined by No. 266 Squadron and both squadrons were involved in bombing operations against Bolshevik forces in Astrakhan and elsewhere. In August 1919 both squadrons were withdrawn from Petrovsk.[7]
[edit] Administrative and municipal status
Administratively, it is incorporated as the City of Makhachkala—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] Municipally, the City of Makhachkala is incorporated as Makhachkala Urban Okrug.[2]
[edit] City divisions
Administratively, the city is divided into three city districts: Kirovsky, Leninsky, and Sovetsky.
[edit] Unrest
Makhachkala is close to areas of fighting and therefore it and the surrounding region has a heavy security service presence. On 25 November 2011, a protest took place in Makhachkala attended by up to 3,000 people demanding an end to illegal activities perpetrated by the security services.[8]
On December 15, 2011, Gadzhimurat Kamalov, a Russian investigative journalist and founder of the independent Chernovik newspaper was shot dead in an apparent assassination.[9]
[edit] Demographics
The population of Makhachkala included: [1]
- Avars (21%)
- Russians (18%)
- Kumyks (15%)
- Dargins (12.4%)
- Laks (12%)
- Lezgins (9.5%)
- Chechens (4.3%)
- Azeri (1.6%)
[edit] Transportation
The city is served by Uytash Airport, Russian Railways and Caspian Sea International Port.
[edit] Sports
The city's association football team, FC Anzhi Makhachkala, plays in the Russian Premier League.
[edit] Climate
Climate of Makhachkala has elements of (warm) subtropical and (chill) continental climate, with influence of semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk) - which occurs in the entire basin of the Caspian Sea.
| Climate data for Makhachkala | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
38.7 (101.7) |
38.7 (101.7) |
35.0 (95.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
38.7 (101.7) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
7.8 (46.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.7 (83.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
2.7 (36.9) |
12.4 (54.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
1.9 (35.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.1 (−13.2) |
−22 (−7.6) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 32 (1.26) |
27 (1.06) |
22 (0.87) |
17 (0.67) |
32 (1.26) |
22 (0.87) |
21 (0.83) |
28 (1.1) |
46 (1.81) |
45 (1.77) |
41 (1.61) |
32 (1.26) |
365 (14.37) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 59 |
| Sunshine hours | 74.4 | 72.5 | 105.4 | 171.0 | 244.9 | 279.0 | 282.1 | 269.7 | 195.0 | 151.9 | 81.0 | 68.2 | 1,995.1 |
| Source no. 1: Pogoda.ru.net[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: World Meteorological Organization (UN),[11] Hong Kong Observatory[12] for data of sunshine hours | |||||||||||||
[edit] Notable residents
- Malik Akhmedilov, assassinated editor
- Abdulla Alishayev, assassinated TV host
- Gadzhimurat Kamalov, assassinated editor
[edit] International relations
[edit] Twin towns and sister cities
Makhachkala is twinned with:
Sfax, Tunisia
Siping, China
Spokane, Washington, United States
Vladikavkaz, Russia
Yalova, Turkey
Ndola, Zambia
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c Law #16
- ^ a b c Law #6
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication).
- ^ Bowyer, Chaz (1988). RAF Operations 1918-1938. London: William Kimber. pp. 40, 41. ISBN 0718306716.
- ^ Russian journalist gunned down in violent republic of Dagestan, Guardian, retrieved 16/12/2011
- ^ Newspaper chief's murder in Dagestan adds to toll of Russian journalists, Guardian, retrieved 16/12/2011
- ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://www.pogoda.ru.net/climate/37472.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007.
- ^ "Weather Information for Mahackala". http://www.worldweather.org/107/c01038.htm.
- ^ "Climatological Information for Mahackala, Russia". http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/russia/mahackala_e.htm.
[edit] Sources
- Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №16 от 10 апреля 2002 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №23 от 4 апреля 2006 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Дагестан в связи с прекращением полномочий Государственного Совета Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №81, 12 апреля 2002 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #16 of April 10, 2002 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #23 of April 4, 2006 On Amending Several Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan Due to the Termination of Powers of the State Council of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication).
- Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №6 от 13 января 2005 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №60 от 30 ноября 2006 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Дагестан "О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №8, 15 февраля 2005 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #6 of January 13, 2005 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #60 of November 30, 2006 On Amending the Law of the Republic of Dagestan "On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan". Effective as of the day of the official publication).
[edit] External links
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