Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
| Jacobite Syrian Christian Church | |
 Syrian Church Emblem |
|
| Founder | St.peter the Apostle |
| Independence | Apostolic Era |
| Recognition | Oriental Orthodox |
| Primate | Catholicos Baselios Thomas I (under the authority of Supreme Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas) |
| Headquarters | Kerala, India |
| Territory | Universal |
| Possessions | India, Middle East, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, North America |
| Language | Malayalam, English, Hindi, Syriac |
| Adherents | 2 million |
| Website | jacobitesyrianchurch.org |
The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church is an integral part of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church, located in Kerala, India. It recognizes the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, currently Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, as its supreme head. It functions as a largely autonomous archdiocese within the church, under the authority of the Catholicos of India, ordained by and accountable to the Patriarch of Antioch, currently Baselios Thomas I. Its members are part of the Saint Thomas Christian community, which traces its origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.[1][2][3][4]
Historically, the Saint Thomas Christians were following Syriac Christianity, they were united in leadership and liturgy, and were part of the Church of the East centred in Persia.[5][6] From the 16th century the Portuguese Jesuits attempted to forcefully bring the community fully into the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church. Resentment of these measures led a part of the community to join the archdeacon, Thomas, in swearing never to submit to the Portuguese in the Coonan Cross Oath in 1653. The part of the church that followed Thomas is known as the Malankara Church.
Following the arrival of the Bishop Gregorios Abdul Jaleel of Jerusalem, Archdeacon Thomas forged a relationship with the Syriac Orthodox Church and gradually adopted West Syrian liturgy and practices. Over time, however, relations soured between the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs and the local hierarchy, particularly after Patriarch Ignatius Peter IV (reigned 1872—1894) began demanding registered deeds for the transfer of properties. In 1912, a synod led by the Patriarch Ignatius Abdul Masih II, who had been controversially deposed by the Ottoman government,[7][8] consecrated Evanios as Catholicos of the East, under the name Baselios Paulose I. The faction that supported Baselios Paulose became what is now the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, while those who supported the new Patriarch, Ignatius Abded Aloho II, who opposed that consecration, became the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church. The two groups were briefly reunited between 1958 and 1975, but attempts by church leaders and two Supreme Court decisions were unable to resolve the contention, and the two churches operate independently today.
As part of the Syriac Orthodox communion the church uses the West Syrian liturgy and is part of the Oriental Orthodox group of churches. It has dioceses in most parts of India as well as in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Western Europe, and the Persian Gulf nations. In 2003 it was estimated that the church has 1,200,000 members globally.[9]
Contents |
Name [edit]
The church is officially named Jacobite Syriac Christian Church.[10] The Church is sometimes referred to as the "Patriarchal faction" or "Bava faction", because of the disputes with the Methran Faction.
In 2000, a Holy Synod ruled that the name of the church in English should be the "'Syriac Orthodox Church". It had been, and often still is today, called the "Syrian Orthodox Church". The church in India uses the term "Jacobite" or 'Bava Faction' as a way to distinguish themselves from the other group known as Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox Church) or Methran Faction.
Syriac liturgical calendar is used to mark the observations of fasting and prayer and the preparation for the Eucharist. However, the Malayalam Calendar is used to make the more recent religious events such establishment dates of churches, houses and gravestones. This practice is increasingly superseded by the standard Western Gregorian calendar. The Malayalam numbering of calendar years is 825 years less than the standard.
History [edit]
Thomas the Apostle is credited by tradition for founding the Indian Church in 52 A.D.[11][12][13] This "Nasrani" faith had many similarities to ancient Judaism, see also Jewish Christianity, and owing to the heritage of the Nasrani people, developed contacts with the Non-Chalcedonian religious authorities of Edessa, Mesopotamia.
The local church maintained its autonomous character under its local leader. When the Portuguese established themselves in India in the 16th Century, they found the Church in Kerala as an administratively independent community. Following the arrival of Vasco de Gama in 1498, the Portuguese came to South India and established their political power there. They brought missionaries to carry out evangelistic work in order to establish churches in communion with Rome under the Portuguese patronage. These missionaries were eager to bring the Indian Church under the Pope's control. They succeeded in their efforts in 1599 with the Synod of Diamper.The representatives of various parishes who attended the assembly were forced by Portuguese authorities to accept the Papal authority.
Following the synod, the Indian Church was governed by Portuguese prelates. They were generally unwilling to respect the integrity of the local church. This resulted in disaffection which led to a general revolt in 1653 known as the "Coonan Cross Oath".Under the leadership of their elder Thomas, Nazranis around Cochin gathered at Mattancherry church on Friday, January 24, 1653 (M.E. 828 Makaram 3) and made an oath that is known as the Great Oath of Bent Cross. The following oath was read aloud and the people touching a stone-cross repeated it loudly. By the Father, Son and Holy Spirit that henceforth we would not adhere to the Franks, nor accept the faith of the Pope of Rome.[14] This reference from the The Missionary Register of 1822 seems to be the earliest reliable document available. Those who were not able to touch the cross tied ropes on the cross, held the rope in their hands and made the oath. Because of the weight it is believed by the followers that the cross bent a little and so it is known as "Oath of the bent cross" (Coonen Kurisu Sathyam). This demanded administrative autonomy for the local church. Since it had no bishop, it faced serious difficulties. It appealed to several eastern Christian churches for help. The Antiochene Syrian Patriarch responded and sent metropolitan Mar Gregorios of Jerusalem to India in 1665. He confirmed Marthoma I as the bishop and worked together with him to organize the Church.
Lineage of Catholicose of India [edit]
- 1. Baselios Augen I (before 1975) – (Catholicos of United Malankara Church. After schism, Baselios Augen I continued as Catholicos of Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church in 1975)
- Also known as Catholicos of India
- 2. Baselios Paulose II (1975–1996)
- Vacant from 1996 to 2002
- 3. Baselios Thomas I (2002–present)
Dioceses and bishops [edit]
Dioceses [edit]
The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church has the following dioceses
- Kollam[15]
- Niranam[16]
- Thumpamon [17]
- Kottayam[18]
- Idukki[19]
- Kochi[20]
- Thrissur[21]
- Angamali
- Kozhikode[22]
- Kandanad[23]
- Malabar[24]
- Bombay
- Delhi[25]
- Mylapore [26] (formerly Chennai Diocese)
- Mangalore
- Bangalore
- EAE Churches
- Honavar Mission [27]
Autonomous dioceses [edit]
There are dioceses under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Antioch:
- Middle East-Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE, Oman, Yemen
- Australia & New Zealand
- Singapore & Malaysia
- Malankara Archdiocese of Europe
- Patriarchal Vicarate of Ireland
- Patriarchal Vicarate of UK
- Patriarchal vicarate of Germany & Central Europe
- Malankara Archdiocese of North America
- Others
- Simhasana Churches
*Evangelical Association of the East
- Knanaya Archdiocese
also came under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch.
The last two had been formed as autonomous bodies in the early 20th century, to escape from the onslaught of civil court cases arisen from disputes with the rival Orthodox Church of India(Malankara Orthodox Church).
Bishops [edit]
Indian bishops under Patriarch of Antioch:
- Aboon Mor Baselios Thomas I – Catholicos, Metropolitan Trustee of the East
and the Metropolitan of Angamali, New Delhi, Mumbai & Bangalore Dioceses of Jacobite church. - Dr. Abraham Mor Severios – Angamali Region of Angamali Diocese and Abbot of Mor Gabriel Dayro
- Dr. Yuhanon Mor Philexinos – (Retired)
- Thomas Mor Timotheos – Kottayam Diocese.
- Joseph Mor Gregorios – Kochi Diocese.
- Dr. Mathews Mor Ivanios – Kandanad Diocese, Dubai, Abu Dhabi & Fujairah.
- Yeldho Mor Theethose – Malankara Archdiocese of North America
- Dr. Geevarghese Mor Coorilose – Niranam, Thiruvananthapuram, Sharjah & Al Ain
- Mathews Mor Aphrem – Perumbavoor Region of Angamali Diocese & UK
- Geevarghese Mor Dionasios – Simhasana Churches
Abbot of Mor Ignatios Dayaro, Manjanikkara - Yuhanon Mor Militos – Thumbamon Diocese.
- Mathews Mor Thevodosios – Kollam Diocese.
- Dr. Kuriakose Mor Theophilos – MSOT Seminary.
- Kuriakose Mor Eusabios – Kothamangalam Region of Angamali Diocese (Assistant)
- Pathros Mor Osthathios – Banglore Diocese (Assistant)
- Paulose Mor Irenios – Kozhikode Diocese, Australia & New Zilan, President of the Youth Association
- Markose Mor Chrisostamos – Evangelical Association of the East
- Yaqu'b Mor Anthonios – Honavar Mission & Manglore Diocese
- Geevarghese Mor Athanasios – Bahrain & Qatar Gulf Region, Kunnamkulam Environs / Manjannikkara Dayra(Assistant)
- Kuriakose Mor Diaskoros – Abbot of Malekuriz Dayro, Ireland and Bangalore Diocese (assistant)/ President of MJSSA
- Dr. Elias Mor Athanasios – Metropolitan Trissur Diocese and Antiochean Faith Movement
- Zacharias Mor Philoxenos – Malabar Diocese
- Issac Mor Osthatheos – Mylapore (Earlier known as Chennai Diocese), Delhi Diocese & Kuwait.
- Geevarghese Mor Barnabas – Asst. Metropolitan of Niranam Dioceses
- Kuriakose Mor Severious – Archbishop of Knanaya Archdiocese
- Kuriakose Mor Gregorious – Asst. Metrapolitian of Kallissery region of Knanaya Arch Diocese
- Kuriakose Mor Evanious – Asst. Metrapolitian of Ranni region of Knanaya Arch Diocese
- Ayoob Mor Silvanose – Archbishop of UK & US of region of Knanaya Arch Diocese
- Elias Mor Julios – Asst. Metrapolitian of High-rage region of Ankamali Diocese
- Thomas Mor Alexandrios – Asst. Metropolitan of Mumbai Diocese
- Zacharias Mor Polycarpus – Asst. Metropolitan of Delhi Diocese
- Mathews Mor Anthimos – Asst. Metropolitan of Muvattupuzha and Idukki Dioceses
- Mathews Mor Themotheos - Secretary to His Holiness Patriarch in Indian Affairs
See also [edit]
- Catholicos
- List of Patriarchs of Antioch – to 518
- List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch – list from 518
- Related
References [edit]
Complete video of the Holy Mass [Holy Qurbano] of the Jacobite Syrian Church:
- ^ Menachery G (1973) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, Ed. George Menachery, B.N.K. Press, vol. 2, ISBN 81-87132-06-X, Lib. Cong. Cat. Card. No. 73-905568; B.N.K. Press – (has some 70 lengthy articles by different experts on the origins, development, history, culture... of these Christians, with some 300 odd photographs).
- ^ Leslie Brown, (1956) The Indian Christians of St. Thomas. An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1956, 1982 (repr.)
- ^ Thomas Puthiakunnel, (1973) "Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St. Thomas", The Saint Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, ed. George Menachery, Vol. II., Trichur.
- ^ NSC Network (2007) St. Thomas, India mission- Early reference and testimonies
- ^ Frykenberg, p. 93.
- ^ Wilmshurst, EOCE, 343
- ^ Vadakkekara, p. 95.
- ^ Tamcke, p. 214.
- ^ Fahlbusch, Erwin; Lochman, Jan Milic; Mbiti, John S.; Vischer, Lukas; Bromiley, Geoffrey William (2003). The Encyclopedia Of Christianity (Encyclopedia of Christianity) Volume 5. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 285. ISBN 0-8028-2417-X.
- ^ Content of The Patriarchal Boola No E 149/02 dated July 5, 2002, issued by the Patriarch of Antioch, Ignatious Zakka I Jacobite Syriac Christian Church
- ^ Medlycott, A E. 1905 "India and the Apostle Thomas"; Gorgias Press LLC; ISBN 1-59333-180-0.
- ^ N.M.Mathew. St. Thomas Christians of Malabar Through Ages. CSS Tiruvalla. (2003). ISBN 81-7821-008-8.
- ^ Origin of Christianity in India - A Historiographical Critique by Dr. Benedict Vadakkekara. (2007). ISBN 81-7495-258-6.
- ^ The Missionary Register for M DCCC XXII. October 1822, Letter from Punnathara Mar Dionysious (Mar Thoma XI)to the Head of the Church Missionary Society. [1] For a translation of it out of Syriac, by Professor Lee, see page 431- 432. Only the English text is published.
- ^ Kollam Diocese
- ^ Niranam Diocese
- ^ Thumpamon Diocese
- ^ Kottayam Diocese
- ^ Idukki Diocese
- ^ Kochi Diocese
- ^ Thrissur Diocese
- ^ Kozhikode Diocese
- ^ Kandanad Diocese
- ^ Malabar Diocese
- ^ Delhi Diocese
- ^ Mylapore Diocese
- ^ Honavar Mission
External links [edit]
- Jacobite Syrian Church Organization
- Online Community and News Site of Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
- News Site Of Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church
- Malankara Syriac Orthodox Resources
|
||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
