Shimun XXIII Eshai

Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII
His Holiness
Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII
Church	Assyrian Church of the East
Diocese	Patriarchal Diocese of the Eastern United States
See	Apostolic See of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (in exile in San Jose and Chicago)
Enthroned	1920
Reign ended	5 November 1975
Predecessor	Mar Shimun XXII Paulos (1918–1920)
Successor	Mar Dinkha IV (since 1976)
Opposed to	Mar Thoma Darmo (1968–1969) and Mar Addai II (1970–1975) (Ancient Church of the East)
Orders
Rank	Catholicos-Patriarch
Personal details
Born	28 February 1908 Konak, Hakkari, Turkey
Died	6 November 1975(1975-11-06) (aged 67) San Jose, California, United States
Nationality	Assyrian (Iraqi)
Denomination	Christian, Assyrian Church of the East
Residence	Chicago, Illinois, United States
Spouse	Wife (married 1973)
Children	Two
Occupation	Cleric

Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII (born 28 February 1908, Konak, Hakkari, Turkey - assassinated 6 November 1975, San Jose, California, United States), sometimes known as Mar Shimun XXI Ishaya, Mar Shimun Ishai, or Simon Jesse, was Catholicos Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East from 1920, when he was a youth, until his assassination on 6 November 1975. (The difference in regnal numbers depends on which members of the Shimun family one counts as Patriarchs; Mar Eshai chose to use the regnal number XXIII.)

Biography

Because of the mass killings, Mar Eshai was chosen as a Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East at only 11 years old

Born into the patriarchal family in Qudshanis, in the village of Van, in Ottoman Turkey in 1908, at the age of 11 Mar Eshai was chosen as patriarch after the death of his uncle during the Assyrian Genocide. He was educated in England, studying theology at Canterbury and at Westcott House, University of Cambridge. He was the translator or author of several books on the theology and history of the Church of the East. The volatile political environment and uncertainties for the church caused in 1933 by the independence of Iraq from colonial rule forced the patriarch's relocation to Cyprus. In 1940, he relocated again, to Chicago, Illinois in the United States. Mar Eshai became an American citizen about 1949 and settled in the San Francisco area in 1954.

In 1964, a dispute over hereditary succession and church calendars caused the metropolitan of the Church of the East in India (known there as the Chaldean Syrian Church) to break away. In 1995 Mar Eshai's successor, Mar Dinkha IV, was able to heal the rift. A small group (the Ancient Church of the East) remains separated from the main body of the Church of the East.

Mar Eshai sought to resign as patriarch for health reasons in the late 1960s, but he was persuaded to remain in office. Some activists within the church wanted the patriarch to take a more active role in pushing for a homeland for the Assyrian people, as he had before 1933.

On a separate track, the patriarch became convinced that nothing in the canon law of the Church of the East prohibited the patriarch from marrying. He married in August 1973. Following his marriage, church leaders called for a council to decide the future of the patriarchate. The council was scheduled for 19 November 1975, but was rescheduled for 5 January 1976. On 6 November 1975, the patriarch was shot and killed at the door of his home in San Jose, California, by David Malek Ismail. According to trial records, Ismail said he was upset over the patriarch's marriage; however, the records suggest links between Ismail and church dissidents. According to Deputy District Attorney Brian Madden, the murder of the patriarch Mar Shimun was the outcome of a plot among church dissidents.^{[citation needed]}

When the church council met in London on 17 October 1976, it elected as patriarch Mar Dinkha IV (who had been bishop of Tehran).

See also

• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
• Assyrian people
• List of Assyrians

References

• Foster, John (1939). The Church of the T'ang Dynasty. Great Britain: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 

External links

• Mar Shimun website
• "Patriarchs of the East" at friesian.com
• Biography of Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII to 1970
• Summary of the trial record for the patriarch's murder

Preceded by Mar Shimun XXII Paulos

Catholicos-Patriarch of the Church of the East 1920–1975

Succeeded by Mar Dinkha IV Khanania