Marathon world record progression

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This is a list of progressive record times for the marathon. World records in the marathon are now ratified by the International Association of Athletics Federations. In order for a performance to be ratified as a world record by the IAAF, the marathon course on which the performance occurred must be 42.195 kilometers[1] and measured in a defined manner using the calibrated bicycle method[2] and meet other criteria. The criteria include:

  • "The start and finish points of a course, measured along a theoretical straight line between them, shall not be further apart than 50% of the race distance."[3]
  • "The decrease in elevation between the start and finish shall not exceed an average of one in a thousand, i.e. 1m per km."[4]

Performances claiming world best or world record status on "point-to-point" courses such as the Boston Marathon have historically been rejected by USA Track & Field.[5] Performances on these courses could be aided by slope and/or tailwinds.[6]

Contents

[edit] History

The actual distance for the pre-1925 races varied slightly from the present figure of 42.195 km (26 miles 385 yards). On April 10, 1896, Spiridon Louis of Greece won the first Olympic marathon in Athens, Greece in a time of 2:58:50;[7] however, the distance for the event was reported to be only 40,000 meters.[8][nb 1] The first marathon over the now official distance was won by American Johnny Hayes at the 1908 Summer Olympics.[10] World records have been broken at all five World Marathon Majors on numerous occasions; seven times at the Berlin Marathon, three times at the Boston Marathon, and four times each at the Chicago, London, and New York City Marathons.

In the 1953 Boston Marathon, the top three finishers were thought to have broken the standing world record,[11] but Keizo Yamada's mark of 2:18:51 is now considered to have been set on a short course.[12] The Boston Athletic Association does not report Yamada's performance as a world best.[13] On October 25, 1981, American Alberto Salazar and New Zealander Allison Roe set apparent world bests at the New York City Marathon (2:08:13 and 2:25:29); however, these marks were invalidated when the course was later found to have been nearly 150 meters short.[14][15] Although the IAAF's progression notes three performances set on the same course in 1978, 1979, and 1980 by Norweigan Grete Waitz, the Association of Road Racing Statisticians considers the New York City course suspect for those performances, too.[16]

[edit] IAAF record progression

Key:
      Listed by the IAAF as a world best prior to official acceptance[17]
      Ratified by the IAAF as a world best (since January 1, 2003) or world record (since January 1, 2004)[17]
      Recognized by some other road racing authority or governing organization

[edit] Men

Time Name Nationality Date Event/Place Notes
2:55:18[17][18] Johnny Hayes  United States July 24, 1908 London, England Time was officially recorded as 2:55:18 2/5.[19] Italian Dorando Pietri finished in 2:46:18.4, but was disqualified for receiving assistance from race officials near the finish.[20]
2:52:45[17][21] Robert Fowler  United States January 1, 1909 Yonkers, United States
2:46:52[17][22] James Clark  United States February 12, 1909 New York City, United States
2:46:04[17][23] Albert Raines  United States May 8, 1909 New York City, United States
2:42:31[17][24][25] Henry Barrett  United Kingdom May 26, 1909[nb 2] Polytechnic Marathon
2:40:34[17][28] Thure Johansson  Sweden August 31, 1909 Stockholm, Sweden
2:38:16[17][29] Harry Green  United Kingdom May 12, 1913 Polytechnic Marathon
2:36:06[17][30] Alexis Ahlgren  Sweden May 31, 1913 Polytechnic Marathon Report in The Times claiming world record.[31]
2:32:36[17] Hannes Kolehmainen  Finland August 22, 1920 Antwerp, Belgium The course distance was officially reported to be 42,750 meters/26.56 miles[32], however, the Association of Road Racing Statisticians estimated the course to be 40 km.[9]
2:29:01[17][33] Albert Michelsen  United States October 12, 1925 Port Chester, United States
2:27:49[17][34] Fusashige Suzuki  Empire of Japan March 31, 1935 Tokyo, Japan According to the Association of Road Racing Statisticians, Suzuki's 2:27:49 performance occurred in Tokyo on March 21, 1935 during a race in which he finished second to Sohn Kee-chung (sometimes referred to as Kee-Jung Sohn or Son Kitei) who ran a 2:26:14.[35]
2:26:44[17][36] Yasuo Ikenaka  Empire of Japan April 3, 1935 Tokyo, Japan
2:26:42[17][37] Son Kitei  Empire of Japan[38] November 3, 1935 Tokyo, Japan
2:29:19[39] Son Kitei  Empire of Japan[38] August 9, 1936 Berlin, Germany
2:25:39[17][40][13] Suh Yun-bok  South Korea April 19, 1947 Boston Marathon Disputed (short course).[41] Disputed (point-to-point).[42]
2:25:15[39] Yun Chil-choi  South Korea October 28, 1951 Pusan, Korea Disputed (short course).[43] Report in The Times claiming world record.[44]
2:20:42[17][39] Jim Peters  United Kingdom June 14, 1952 Polytechnic Marathon MarathonGuide.com states that the course that was slightly long.[45] Report in The Times claiming world record.[46]
2:18:41[17][39] Jim Peters  United Kingdom June 13, 1953 Polytechnic Marathon Report in The Times claiming world record.[47]
2:18:35[17][39] Jim Peters  United Kingdom October 4, 1953 Turku Marathon
2:17:40[17] Jim Peters  United Kingdom June 26, 1954 Polytechnic Marathon Point-to-point course.[citation needed] Report in The Times claiming world record.[48]
2:18:05[39] Paavo Kotila  Finland August 12, 1956 Pieksämäki, Finland
2:15:18[17][39] Sergei Popov  Soviet Union August 24, 1958 Stockholm, Sweden
2:15:17[17][39] Abebe Bikila  Ethiopia September 10, 1960 Rome, Italy
2:15:16[17][39] Toru Terasawa  Japan February 17, 1963 Beppu, Japan
2:14:28[17] Leonard Edelen  United States June 15, 1963 Polytechnic Marathon Point-to-point course.[citation needed] Report in The Times claiming world record and stating that the course may have been long.[49]
2:14:43[39] Brian Kilby  United Kingdom July 6, 1963 Port Talbot, Wales
2:13:55[17] Basil Heatley  United Kingdom June 13, 1964 Polytechnic Marathon Point-to-point course.[citation needed] Report in The Times claiming world record.[50]
2:12:12[17][39] Abebe Bikila  Ethiopia October 21, 1964 Tokyo, Japan
2:12:00[17] Morio Shigematsu  Japan June 12, 1965 Polytechnic Marathon Point-to-point course.[citation needed] Report in The Times claiming world record.[51]
2:09:37[17][39] Derek Clayton  Australia December 3, 1967 Fukuoka Marathon
2:08:34[17] Derek Clayton  Australia May 30, 1969 Antwerp, Belgium Disputed (short course).[52]
2:09:28[39] Ron Hill  United Kingdom July 23, 1970 Edinburgh, Scotland
2:09:12[39] Ian Thompson  United Kingdom January 31, 1974 Christchurch, New Zealand
2:09:06[39] Shigeru So  Japan February 5, 1978 Beppu, Japan
2:09:01[39] Gerard Nijboer  Netherlands April 26, 1980 Amsterdam Marathon
2:08:18[17][39] Robert De Castella  Australia December 6, 1981 Fukuoka Marathon
2:08:05[17][39] Steve Jones  United Kingdom October 21, 1984 Chicago Marathon
2:07:12[17][39] Carlos Lopes  Portugal April 20, 1985 Rotterdam Marathon
2:06:50[17][39] Belayneh Dinsamo  Ethiopia April 17, 1988 Rotterdam Marathon
2:06:05[17][39] Ronaldo da Costa  Brazil September 20, 1998 Berlin Marathon
2:05:42[17][39] Khalid Khannouchi  Morocco October 24, 1999 Chicago Marathon
2:05:38[17][39] Khalid Khannouchi  United States April 14, 2002 London Marathon First "World's Best" recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations. [53]
2:04:55[17][39] Paul Tergat  Kenya September 28, 2003 Berlin Marathon First world record for the men's marathon ratified by the International Association of Athletics Federations.[54]
2:04:26[17][39] Haile Gebrselassie  Ethiopia September 30, 2007 Berlin Marathon
2:03:59[17][39] Haile Gebrselassie  Ethiopia September 28, 2008 Berlin Marathon

[edit] Women

Time Name Nationality Date Event/Place Notes
3:40:22[17][39] Violet Piercy  United Kingdom October 3, 1926 Polytechnic Marathon
3:37:07[17] Merry Lepper  United States December 16, 1963 Culver City, United States Disputed (short course).[55]
3:27:45[17][39] Dale Greig  United Kingdom May 23, 1964 Ryde
3:19:33[17] Mildred Sampson  New Zealand August 16, 1964 Auckland, New Zealand Disputed (time trial).[56][57]
3:15:23[17][39] Maureen Wilton  Canada May 6, 1967 Toronto, Canada
3:07:27[17][39] Anni Pede-Erdkamp  West Germany August 16, 1967 Waldniel
3:02:53[17][39] Caroline Walker  United States February 28, 1970 Seaside, OR
3:01:42[17][39] Elizabeth Bonner  United States May 9, 1971 Philadelphia, United States
2:46:30 Adrienne Beames  Australia August 31, 1971 Werribee, Australia Disputed (time trial).[58]
2:55:22[17][39] Elizabeth Bonner  United States September 19, 1971 New York City Marathon
2:49:40[17][39] Cheryl Bridges  United States December 5, 1971 Culver City, United States
2:46:37[17][39] Michiko Gorman  United States December 2, 1973 Culver City, United States
2:46:24[17][39] Chantal Langlacé  France October 27, 1974 Neuf-Brisach
2:43:55[17][39] Jacqueline Hansen  United States December 1, 1974 Culver City, United States
2:42:24[17][13] Liane Winter  West Germany April 21, 1975 Boston Marathon Disputed (point-to-point).[42]
2:40:16[17][39] Christa Vahlensieck  West Germany May 3, 1975 Dülmen
2:38:19[39] Jacqueline Hansen  United States October 12, 1975 Eugene, United States
2:35:16[17] Chantal Langlacé  France May 1, 1977 Oiartzun, Spain
2:34:47[39] Christa Vahlensieck  West Germany September 10, 1977 Berlin Marathon
2:32:30[17] Grete Waitz  Norway October 22, 1978 New York City Marathon Disputed (short course).[59][16]
2:27:33[17] Grete Waitz  Norway October 21, 1979 New York City Marathon Disputed (short course).[60][16]
2:31:23[39] Joan Benoit  United States February 3, 1980 Auckland, New Zealand
2:30:58[39] Patti Catalano  United States September 6, 1980 Montreal, Canada
2:25:42[17] Grete Waitz  Norway October 26, 1980 New York City Marathon Disputed (short course).[61][16]
2:30:27[39] Joyce Smith  United Kingdom November 16, 1980 Tokyo, Japan
2:29:57[39] Joyce Smith  United Kingdom March 29, 1981 London Marathon
2:29:02[39] Charlotte Teske  West Germany January 16, 1982 Miami, United States
2:26:12[39] Joan Benoit  United States September 12, 1982 Eugene, United States
2:25:28[17][39] Grete Waitz  Norway April 17, 1983 London Marathon
2:22:43[17][13] Joan Benoit  United States April 18, 1983 Boston Marathon Disputed (point-to-point).[42]
2:24:26[39] Ingrid Kristiansen  Norway May 13, 1985 London Marathon
2:21:06[17][39] Ingrid Kristiansen  Norway April 21, 1985 London Marathon
2:20:47[17][39] Tegla Loroupe  Kenya April 19, 1998 Rotterdam Marathon
2:20:43[17][39] Tegla Loroupe  Kenya September 26, 1999 Berlin Marathon
2:19:46[17][39] Naoko Takahashi  Japan September 30, 2001 Berlin Marathon
2:18:47[17][39] Catherine Ndereba  Kenya October 7, 2001 Chicago Marathon
2:17:18[17][39] Paula Radcliffe  United Kingdom October 13, 2002 Chicago Marathon First "World's Best" recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations. [53]
2:15:25[17][39] Paula Radcliffe  United Kingdom April 13, 2003 London Marathon First world record for the women's marathon ratified by the International Association of Athletics Federations.[62]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ The Association of Road Racing Statisticians has estimated the course distance to be 37–38 km.[9]
  2. ^ According to the progression of world bests listed by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), James Clark set a world best of 2:46:52.8 in New York on February 12, 1909, Albert Raines broke Clark's mark with a 2:46:04.6 in New York on May 8, 1909, and Henry Barrett broke Raines' mark with a 2:42:31.0 in London on May 26, 1909.[17] Ian Ridpath, a former director of the Polytechnic marathon, has indicated on his website that some sources have wrongly listed the date of Barrett performance as May 26, 1909 and has confirmed the true date as May 8, 1909.[26] An article in The Times dated May 10, 1909 provides strong evidence that Ridpath is correct.[27] Given that Barrett's marathon in London most likely concluded before Raines' marathon held on the same date in New York, it is also likely that Barrett rather than Raines broke the world best set by Clark three months earlier.

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/TechnicalArea/04/95/59/20090303014358_httppostedfile_CompetitionRules2009_printed_8986.pdf IAAF Competition Rules 2009 - Rule 240
  2. ^ http://aimsworldrunning.org/measurement/MeasurementOfRoadRaceCourses.pdf IAAF Publication, "The Measurement of Road Race Courses", Second Edition, 2004, Updated 2008.
  3. ^ http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/TechnicalArea/04/95/59/20090303014358_httppostedfile_CompetitionRules2009_printed_8986.pdf IAAF Competition Rules 2009 - Rule 260
  4. ^ http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/TechnicalArea/04/95/59/20090303014358_httppostedfile_CompetitionRules2009_printed_8986.pdf IAAF Competition Rules 2009 - Rule 260
  5. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19900414&id=OXAQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BYwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1095,3681703 The Free-Lance Star. Fredericksburg, Virgina. Saturday, April 14, 1990. Page 7.
  6. ^ http://www.usatf.org/groups/RoadRunning/OnTheRoads/04FsupFinal.pdf
  7. ^ De Coubertin, Pierre; Timoleon J. Philemon, N. G. Politis, Charalambos Anninos (1897). "The Olympic Games, B.C. 776 - A.D. 1896, Second Part, The Olympic Games in 1896" (pdf). Charles Beck (Athens), H. Grevel and Co. (London). http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896part2.pdf. Retrieved 2008, October 16. 
  8. ^ http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/profiles/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=58143
  9. ^ a b http://www.arrs.net/HP_OlyMa.htm
  10. ^ http://www.runningpast.com/johnny_hayes.htm
  11. ^ http://www.boston.com/zope_homepage/sports/marathon_archive/history/1953.shtml
  12. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1953". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1953.htm. Retrieved November 2, 2009. "Short Course (41.1 km)" 
  13. ^ a b c d 113th B.A.A Boston Marathon Racer's Record Book. April 20, 2009.
  14. ^ http://static.worldmarathonmajors.com/downloads/CourseRecordProgressions_10-11-09.pdf
  15. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1981". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1981.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Short Course (150 m short on remeasurement)" 
  16. ^ a b c d "New York City Marathon". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/HP_NYCMa.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "The course used for the 1981 race was remeasured at 42.044 km or 151 meters short of the full marathon distance. Since a major part of the shortness was within the Central Park portion of the course, all "five borough" races prior to 1981 must also be considered suspect (1976-1980) and are not considered acceptable for statistical purposes." 
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009." (pdf). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. pp. Pages 546, 563, 565, 651, and 653. http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf. Retrieved July 29, 2009. 
  18. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19080724
  19. ^ Cook, Theodore Andrea ((1909?)). "The Fourth Olympiad being The Official Report The Olympic Games of 1908" (pdf). The British Olympic Association, London. http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1908/1908.pdf. Retrieved 2008, October 16. 
  20. ^ http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/profiles/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=56207
  21. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19080724
  22. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19080724
  23. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19080724
  24. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19080724
  25. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/history.htm
  26. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/history.htm
  27. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/1909Timesreport.jpg
  28. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19080724
  29. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19130512#MMAR19130512
  30. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19130512#MMAR19130512
  31. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/1913Timesreport.jpg
  32. ^ http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1920/1920.pdf
  33. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19251012#MMAR19251012
  34. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19350331#MMAR19350331
  35. ^ http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1935.htm
  36. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19350331#MMAR19350331
  37. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19350331#MMAR19350331
  38. ^ a b Nationality was Japanese when Korea under Japanese rule
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc "World Best Progressions- Road". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/RecProg/RP_wwR.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. 
  40. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19470419#MMAR19470419
  41. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1947". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1947.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Short Course (25.54 mi. = 41.1 km)" 
  42. ^ a b c The Association of Road Racing Statisticians does not consider performances on the Boston Marathon course to qualify for world record status due to the possibility that they could be aided by slope and/or tailwinds. (See [1].) This mirrors the IAAF's current criteria regarding record eligible courses.
  43. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1951". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1951.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Short Course (41.834 km)" 
  44. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/1952Timesreport.jpg
  45. ^ http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/popupSummary.cfm?RID=MMAR19520614#MMAR19520614
  46. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/1952Timesreport.jpg
  47. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/1952Timesreport.jpg
  48. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/1954Timesreport.jpg
  49. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/1963Timesreport.jpg
  50. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/1964Timesreport.jpg
  51. ^ http://www.ianridpath.com/polymarathon/1965Timesreport.jpg
  52. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1969". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1969.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Short Course (ca 500 m short)" 
  53. ^ a b "Stat Corner: First World Road Records," Track and Field News, Volume 56, No. 2, February 2003, Page 50
  54. ^ http://www.athletics.hitsites.de/events_info.php?eventNr=108
  55. ^ "Western Hemisphere Marathon". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/HP_WHmMa.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "The 1962-63 courses are considered to have been short." 
  56. ^ "World Best Progressions- Road". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/RecProg/RP_wwR.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Note: The 3:19:33 by Milred Sampson (NZL) on 16 Aug 1964 at Auckland NZL was a time trial." 
  57. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1964". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1964.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Note: Mildred Sampson (NZL) ran 3:19:33 in a time trial on 16 Aug 1964 at Auckland NZL." 
  58. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1971". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1971.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Unverified (probably a time trial)" 
  59. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1978". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1978.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Short Course (measurements on subsequent course were 150 m short, this course probably short as well)" 
  60. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1979". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1979.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Short Course (measurements on subsequent course were 150 m short, this course probably short as well)" 
  61. ^ "World Marathon Rankings for 1980". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. http://www.arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1980.htm. Retrieved July 29, 2009. "Short Course (remeasurements of a nearly identical course in 1981 was 150 m short, this course probably short as well)" 
  62. ^ http://www.athletics.hitsites.de/events_info.php?eventNr=308

[edit] External links

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Athletics record progressions
World
100 metres (men) (women)  · 200 metres (men) (women)  · 400 metres (men) (women)  · 4×100 metres (men) (women)  · 4×400 metres (men) (women)
800 metres (progression)  · 1500 metres (progression)  · One mile (progression)  · 3000 metres (men) (women)
5000 metres (progression)  · 10,000 metres (progression)  · Marathon (progression)  · 10km walk (men) (women)  · 20km walk (men) (women)  · 50km walk (men)
110/100 metres hurdles (men) (women)  · 400 metres hurdles (men) (women)  · 3000 metres steeplechase (men) (women)
High jump (men) (women)  · Long jump (progression)  · Triple jump (progression)  · Pole vault (men) (women)
Discus (men) (women)  · Hammer (men) (women)  · Javelin (men) (women)  · Shot put (men) (women)
Decathlon (progression)  · Heptathlon (men) (women)  · Pentathlon (women)
European
100 metres (men) (women)  · 200 metres (men) (women)  · 400 metres (men) (women)  · 800 metres (men) (women)  · 1500 metres (men) (women)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon_world_record_progression"
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