Mau
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| Maunath Bhanjan | |
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|
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| Coordinates | 26°N 83°E / 26°N 83°E |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District(s) | Mau |
| Population | 210,071 (2001[update]) |
| Sex ratio | 947 (as of 1991) ♂/♀ |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
Mau (Hindi: मऊ, Urdu: مئو maū), formerly Mau Nath Bhanjan (Hindi: मऊनाथ भंजन, Urdu: امئو نات بنجن), nearly 90 km from Varanasi is the powerhouse of textile weavers in Eastern UP, India. It is a small industrial town on the banks of Ghaghra (Saryu). The Tamasa river flows through the city. The credit of converting this city to a district goes to the (late) Kalpnath Rai (former MP for Ghosi). In 1960s it was the biggest supplier of a plant called plash.
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[edit] Etymology of the name
Many myths are popular regarding history of Mau district. Popular opinion has it that the name Mau is considered to be derived from a Turkish word meaning "barrack" (Hindi: garh, padav, chavani).
[edit] History
District MAU has a very rich historical background from the protohistorical period.
During the reign of Sher Shah Suri, the famous emperor who had defeated Humayun, visited Kolhuvavan (Madhuban) to meet the great Sufi saint Syed Ahmad Wadva. Mahvani, one of the daughters of Sher Shah was settled permanently near the dargah of Syed Sahab . Various developmental works were undertaken by Sher Shah Suri during his reign for economic development of the Mau region. After Humayun had retaken India, mention is given in the historical book of Jiyaudeen Barni saying that his son Akbar the Great passed through Mau, on his way towards Allahabad.[citation needed]
During the construction of a military base and the Shahi Masjid, a large number of laborers and artisans came with the Mughal Army. They, the weavers, etc. had originally come from Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey; they settled there permanently.
During the period of India's struggle for freedom the residents of Mau gave their full support to the movement. Mahatma Gandhi came to Dohrighat on 3 October 1939 during the 3rd salt law breaking movement; many persons of Mau actively took part.
During the 1942 Quit India Movement a mob had collected in outrage of an action by a Madhuban Police Station Officer; Collector Navlate was present there, he ordered his men to open fire on the mob killing and injuring many people. In memory of the shaheeds of that day a monument was built on the site were the shaheeds had made the ultimate sacrifice.
In the 1970s and early 1980s many people (like Jharkhandey Rai, Tejpal Singh) worked hard for social empowerment in Mau.[citation needed]
Mau was an important township of Azamgarh district before its creation as a district itself. On 19 November 1988 it was made a district, largely due to the efforts of the Late Kalpnath Rai (MP Ghosi) and Late Maulana Habibur Rahman Nomani,MP Rajya Sabha
The local language of Mau is peculiar to the area as it includes the dialects of Bhojpuri Persian, Turkish and Irani. The main Industrial setup here is of cloth making by powerloom due to the presence of a large number of weavers in the district. Sari, Lungi and other clothes being prepared there are exported to various states of India and also to various countries.
A village in Mau called Sonadih is famous for dhieru's way of studying in Baba Thanidas Ji Temple.[citation needed]
[edit] Geography and climate
Mau is situated on the fertile plains of the Ganga - Ghaghara doab. It lies between 83° 17’ to 84° 52' East & 24° 47' to 26°17' North. At its north, Ghaghara river is on the border, Ghazipur district is on the south, Ballia district is on the east & Azamgarh district is on the west side. This district represents geographical characteristics of mid Gangetic plain. "Khachari" and "Khadar" are types of soil found in the areas of north of Azamgarh - Ballia Road. In some high places "Bangar" soil is also found. In the southern part of the district, river flow is absent, due to which that area has Bangar type of soil, which is not fertile. The river system of the district is dominated by the Tons River and its tributary Choti Sarju. The Ghaghara River forms the northern border of the district. The main means of irrigation in the district are tubewells. Ponds are used mainly for fishing and bird sanctuary purposes. In Mau "Pakari Piua" pond have 1.7 km breadth and 32 km length. It also has two big ponds (Tal)one Ratoy tal near Madhuban and Garha tal near Ratanpura. Ground water can be obtained from 15 to 20 meters depth. Ground water is used for drinking purposes. Farmers use tubewell for historical reasons.
[edit] Economy
- 1981 to 1991 Census the Population of the district is 1,445,000
- The decennial rate of population growth during period 1981-91 is 28.33%.
- Human sex ratio in 1991 is 974.
- 19.9% of District population resides in Urban area.
- According to 1991 census sc/st population is 319,000 which is 22% of total population.
- Population density of the district is 844/km²
- In 1997-98 total foodgrain production is 372,000 tonnes
- Net irrigated area is 1,120 km² & gross irrigated area is 1,530 km²
- Percentage of electrified villages is 88.1% in the year 1997-98.
- Per capita electricity consumption is 162 units in the year 1998-99.
- In 1998 -99 total number of rural & small industrial units are 61526.
- Total number of Handloom/Powerloom units are 58381 in 1998-99.
- Percentage of Literacy in the district is approx. 68% in 2006.
- Percentage of Workers in the district, according to 1991 census, is 33.2%.
- Number of dependents per hundred workers is 201.
- According to 1991 census, 68.3% of total workers were directly involved in agriculture.
- In 1996-97 per cultivator net sown area was 6,500 square metres
- CD ratio in 98-99 is 11.96.
- Length of metalled road per 100,000 population is 57 km.
- In 1998-99 teacher-Students ratio is
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- Junior High School 44
- Senior Basic School 45.6
- Higher Secondary School 46.1
- Degree College 135.7
- No. of Allopathic Hospitals/Dispensary/PHCs per 100,000 population is 3.7
- Telephone connection per 100,000 population 275
[edit] Language
Urdu is widely spoken here. However Mauwalli, a regional dialect is also spoken here, and Bhojpuri in village areas.
[edit] Recent history
Indian Council of Agricultural Research established an institute dedicated to research on microorganisms at Mau.(www.nbaim.org).
Kamran Khan played IPL matches this year. He was part of Rajasthan Royals and received lots of support and praise from his Captain Shane Warne. Dinesh Yadav, Topper of Nothern India in Management and GoldMedalist from Rajershi University in 2005 Belong to village Jogari of Mau district.
In 2005 , communal riots broke out between Hindus and Muslims in Mau Town over a dispute regarding the use of loudspeakers in a Hindu festival. 12 people were killed in the riots. Independent MLA Mukhtar Ansari and BJP ledaer Ajit Chandel were the main involved.
[edit] Notable Personalities
Maulana Habibur Rahman Azmi a well known Islamic Scholar belongs to this city. His books are taught in famous universities like Madina university.
The famous Hindi poet Shyam Narayan Pandey was from the village Dumroun.
The famous politician Kalpnath Rai was from village Semari, considered hero of Mau. Famous Urdu shayar Feza ibn faizi belongs to Mau.
Late Maulana Habibur Rahman Nomani was the one of the great political leader who also belong to this place called mau.Nomani family played a lead role in development of Mau.
Late Maulana Abdul Latif Nomani and his elder son Late Maulana Habibur Rahman Nomani was the first to promote girl education in town by sending their daughters to school.Mr.Sohail Nomani is also a great leader,orator and polititian belongs to this family. Mrs. Hanifa Nomani Principal of Scholar Public School, plays an important role in promoting education in town.
A.L.Nomani Inter College is the well organised example for promoting education specially for minority and weaker community. Madarsa Jamia Miftah-uloom (Shahi Katra) is also very well known orgnisation for providing education for poor muslim boys and girls. The lead role was played by Manager A.L. Nomani Inter College and Member Working Committee Jamia Miftah-uloom Er. Shoeb Nomani (younger son of Late Maulana Habibur Rahman Nomani).
'Late Dr Sageer Ahamad Usmani was famous doctor, from ghosi,he was great social workers and also Poet,halso Bold texthis poem broadcasted by GKP Radio'
The young IPL Cricketer Kamran Khan is from the village Nadwa Sarai. He plays for Rajasthan Royals.
The Cricket match held on occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha on the ground of Qazi Tola in Mau City is very popular.
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