List of members of the Swiss Federal Council

For a chronological list of Councillors serving together, see List of members of the Swiss Federal Council by date.

The Swiss Federal Council in 2012

This is a list of members of the Swiss Federal Council (German: Schweizerischer Bundesrat; French: Conseil fédéral suisse; Italian: Consiglio federale svizzero; Romansh: Cussegl federal svizzer). The Council's seven members constitute the federal government of Switzerland and serve as the country's head of state. Each of the seven Councillors heads a department of the Swiss federal administration.

The members of the Federal Council are elected for a term of four years by both chambers of the federal parliament sitting together as the Federal Assembly. Each Councillor is elected individually by secret ballot by an absolute majority of votes. A person elected to the Council by the Federal Assembly is considered a Federal Councillor even if he or she declines the election. Accordingly, the five persons who did so and never assumed office are listed in a separate table below. For the same reason, the principal table only records the date of election, and not the date on which the Councillors assumed their office.

Once elected for a four-year-term, Federal Councillors can neither be voted out of office by a motion of no confidence nor can they be impeached. Re-election is possible for an indefinite number of terms. Parliament has decided not to re-elect a sitting Councillor only four times, and only twice (in 2003 and 2007) since the beginning of the 20th century. In practice, therefore, Councillors serve until they decide to resign and retire to private life, usually after three to five terms of office.

Members

#	Name	Picture	Canton	Election	Left office	Department headed	Party	Notes	Seq
1	Furrer, JonasJonas Furrer		ZH	01848-11-16 November 16, 1848	01861-07-25 July 25, 1861	Foreign affairs, Justice	FDP/PRD	Died in office	A01
2	Ochsenbein, UlrichUlrich Ochsenbein		BE	01848-11-16 November 16, 1848	01854-12-06 December 6, 1854	Defence	FDP/PRD	Not re-elected	B01
3	Druey, HenriHenri Druey		VD	01848-11-16 November 16, 1848	01855-03-29 March 29, 1855	Justice, Foreign affairs, Finance	FDP/PRD	Died in office	C01
4	Munzinger, JosefJosef Munzinger		SO	01848-11-16 November 16, 1848	01855-02-06 February 6, 1855	Finance, Foreign affairs, Posts and Construction, Trade and Customs	FDP/PRD	Died in office	D01
5	Franscini, StefanoStefano Franscini		TI	01848-11-16 November 16, 1848	01857-07-19 July 19, 1857	Home affairs	FDP/PRD	Died in office	E01
6	Frey-Herosé, FriedrichFriedrich Frey-Herosé		AG	01848-11-16 November 16, 1848	01866-12-31 December 31, 1866	Trade and Customs, Foreign affairs, Defence	FDP/PRD		F01
7	Naeff, Wilhelm MatthiasWilhelm Matthias Naeff		SG	01848-11-16 November 16, 1848	01875-12-31 December 31, 1875	Posts and Construction, Foreign affairs, Trade and Customs, Posts, Finance, Railway and Trade	FDP/PRD		G01
8	Stampfli, JakobJakob Stämpfli		BE	01854-12-06 December 6, 1854	01863-12-31 December 31, 1863	Justice, Foreign affairs, Finance, Defence	FDP/PRD		B02
9	Fornerod, ConstantConstant Fornerod		VD	01855-07-11 July 11, 1855	01867-10-31 October 31, 1867	Trade and Customs, Foreign affairs, Finance, Defence	FDP/PRD		C02
10	Knüsel, Melchior Josef MartinMelchior Josef Martin Knüsel		LU	01855-07-14 July 14, 1855	01875-12-31 December 31, 1875	Finance, Trade and Customs, Justice, Foreign affairs, Home affairs	FDP/PRD	Elected after Johann Jakob Stehlin declined the election	D02
11	Pioda, Giovanni BattistaGiovanni Battista Pioda		TI	01857-07-30 July 30, 1857	01864-01-26 January 26, 1864	Home affairs	FDP/PRD		E02
12	Dubs, JakobJakob Dubs		ZH	01861-07-30 July 30, 1861	01872-05-28 May 28, 1872	Justice, Foreign affairs, Home affairs, Posts	FDP/PRD		A02
13	Schenk, KarlKarl Schenk		BE	01863-12-12 December 12, 1863	01895-07-18 July 18, 1895	Home affairs, Finance, Railway and Trade	FDP/PRD	Died in office	B03
14	Challet-Venel, Jean-JacquesJean-Jacques Challet-Venel		GE	01864-07-12 July 12, 1864	01872-12-07 December 7, 1872	Finance, Posts	FDP/PRD	Not re-elected	E03
15	Welti, EmilEmil Welti		AG	01866-12-08 December 8, 1866	01891-12-31 December 31, 1891	Defence, Trade and Customs, Posts and Telegraph, Posts and Railways, Justice	FDP/PRD		F02
16	Ruffy, VictorVictor Ruffy		VD	01867-12-06 December 6, 1867	01869-12-29 December 29, 1869	Finance, Defence	FDP/PRD	Died in office	C03
17	Ceresole, PaulPaul Cérésole		VD	01870-02-01 February 1, 1870	01875-12-31 December 31, 1875	Finance, Defence, Foreign affairs, Justice	FDP/PRD		C04
18	Scherer, Johann JakobJohann Jakob Scherer		ZH	01872-07-12 July 12, 1872	01878-12-23 December 23, 1878	Finance, Railway and Trade, Foreign affairs, Defence	FDP/PRD	Died in office	A03
19	Borel, EugèneEugène Borel		NE	01872-12-07 December 7, 1872	01875-12-31 December 31, 1875	Posts and Telegraph	FDP/PRD		E04
20	Heer, JoachimJoachim Heer		GL	01875-12-10 December 10, 1875	01878-12-31 December 31, 1878	Posts and Telegraph, Foreign affairs, Railway and Trade	FDP/PRD		D03
21	Anderwert, FridolinFridolin Anderwert		TG	01875-12-10 December 10, 1875	01880-12-25 December 25, 1880	Justice	FDP/PRD	Died in office (committed suicide)	G02
22	Hammer, BernhardBernhard Hammer		SO	01875-12-10 December 10, 1875	01890-12-31 December 31, 1890	Finance, Defence	FDP/PRD		E05
23	Droz, NumaNuma Droz		NE	01875-12-18 December 18, 1875	01892-12-18 December 18, 1892	Home affairs, Trade and Agriculture, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD	Elected after Antoine Louis John Ruchonnet and Charles Estoppey declined the election.	C05
24	Bavier, SimeonSimeon Bavier		GR	01878-12-10 December 10, 1878	01883-01-05 January 5, 1883	Finance, Posts and Railways, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD		D04
25	Hertenstein, WilhelmWilhelm Hertenstein		ZH	01879-03-21 March 21, 1879	01888-11-27 November 27, 1888	Defence	FDP/PRD	Died in office	A04
26	Ruchonnet, LouisLouis Ruchonnet		VD	01881-03-03 March 3, 1881	01893-09-14 September 14, 1893	Economic affairs, Justice, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD	Elected after Karl Hoffmann declined his election. Died in office	G03
27	Deucher, AdolfAdolf Deucher		TG	01883-04-10 April 10, 1883	01912-07-10 July 10, 1912	Justice, Posts and Railways, Economic affairs, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD	Died in office	D05
28	Hauser, WalterWalter Hauser		ZH	01888-12-13 December 13, 1888	01902-10-22 October 22, 1902	Defence, Finance, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD	Died in office	A05
29	Frey, EmilEmil Frey		BL	01890-12-11 December 11, 1890	01897-03-11 March 11, 1897	Defence	FDP/PRD		E06
30	Zemp, JosephJoseph Zemp		LU	01891-12-17 December 17, 1891	01908-06-17 June 17, 1908	Posts and Railways, Foreign affairs	CVP/PDC		F03
31	Lachenal, AdrienAdrien Lachenal		GE	01892-12-15 December 15, 1892	01899-12-31 December 31, 1899	Foreign affairs, Economic affairs, Home affairs	FDP/PRD		C06
32	Ruffy, EugèneEugène Ruffy		VD	01893-12-14 December 14, 1893	01899-10-31 October 31, 1899	Justice, Home affairs, Foreign affairs, Defence	FDP/PRD		G04
33	Mueller, EduardEduard Müller		BE	01895-08-16 August 16, 1895	01919-11-09 November 9, 1919	Justice, Defence, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD	Died in office	B04
34	Brenner, ErnstErnst Brenner		BS	01897-03-25 March 25, 1897	01911-03-11 March 11, 1911	Justice, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD	Died in office	E07
35	Comtesse, RobertRobert Comtesse		NE	01899-12-14 December 14, 1899	01912-03-04 March 4, 1912	Finance, Justice, Posts and Railways, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD		C07
36	Ruchet, Marc-EmileMarc-Emile Ruchet		VD	01899-12-14 December 14, 1899	01912-07-09 July 9, 1912	Home affairs, Finance, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD		G05
37	Forrer, LudwigLudwig Forrer		ZH	01902-12-11 December 11, 1902	01917-12-07 December 7, 1917	Economic affairs, Home affairs, Foreign affairs, Defence, Justice, Posts and Railways	FDP/PRD		A06
38	Schobinger, Josef AntonJosef Anton Schobinger		LU	01908-06-17 June 17, 1908	01911-11-27 November 27, 1911	Justice, Economic affairs, Finance, Home affairs	CVP/PDC		F04
39	Hoffmann, ArthurArthur Hoffmann		SG	01911-04-04 April 4, 1911	01917-06-19 June 19, 1917	Justice, Defence, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD		E08
40	Motta, GiuseppeGiuseppe Motta		TI	01911-12-14 December 14, 1911	01940-01-23 January 23, 1940	Finance, Foreign affairs	CVP/PDC		F05
41	Perrier, LouisLouis Perrier		NE	01912-03-12 March 12, 1912	01913-05-16 May 16, 1913	Posts and Railways, Home affairs	FDP/PRD		C08
42	Decoppet, CamilleCamille Decoppet		VD	01912-07-17 July 17, 1912	01919-11-07 November 7, 1919	Home affairs, Justice, Defence	FDP/PRD		G06
43	Schulthess, EdmundEdmund Schulthess		AG	01912-07-17 July 17, 1912	01935-04-15 April 15, 1935	Economic affairs, Economic affairs	FDP/PRD		D06
44	Calonder, FelixFelix Calonder		GR	01913-06-12 June 12, 1913	01920-02-12 February 12, 1920	Home affairs, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD		C09
45	Ador, GustaveGustave Ador		GE	01917-06-26 June 26, 1917	01919-12-31 December 31, 1919	Foreign affairs, Home affairs	LPS/PLS		E09
46	Haab, RobertRobert Haab		ZH	01917-12-13 December 13, 1917	01929-12-31 December 31, 1929	Posts and Railways	FDP/PRD		A07
47	Scheurer, KarlKarl Scheurer		BE	01919-12-11 December 11, 1919	01929-11-14 November 14, 1929	Defence	FDP/PRD	Died in office	B05
48	Chuard, ErnestErnest Chuard		VD	01919-12-11 December 11, 1919	01928-12-31 December 31, 1928	Home affairs	FDP/PRD		G07
49	Musy, Jean-MarieJean-Marie Musy		FR	01919-12-11 December 11, 1919	01934-04-30 April 30, 1934	Finance	CVP/PDC		E10
50	Haberlin, HeinrichHeinrich Häberlin		TG	01920-02-12 February 12, 1920	01934-03-12 March 12, 1934	Justice	FDP/PRD		C10
51	Pilet-Golaz, MarcelMarcel Pilet-Golaz		VD	01928-12-13 December 13, 1928	01944-11-07 November 7, 1944	Home affairs, Posts and Railways, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD		G08
52	Minger, RudolfRudolf Minger		BE	01929-12-12 December 12, 1929	01940-12-31 December 31, 1940	Defence	SVP/UDC		B06
53	Meyer, AlbertAlbert Meyer		ZH	01929-12-12 December 12, 1929	01938-12-31 December 31, 1938	Home affairs, Finance	FDP/PRD		A08
54	Baumann, JohannesJohannes Baumann		AR	01934-03-22 March 22, 1934	01940-12-31 December 31, 1940	Justice	FDP/PRD		C11
55	Etter, PhilippPhilipp Etter		ZG	01934-03-28 March 28, 1934	01959-11-19 November 19, 1959	Home affairs	CVP/PDC		E11
56	Obrecht, HermannHermann Obrecht		SO	01935-04-04 April 4, 1935	01940-06-20 June 20, 1940	Economic affairs	FDP/PRD		D07
57	Wetter, ErnstErnst Wetter		ZH	01938-12-15 December 15, 1938	01943-12-31 December 31, 1943	Finance	FDP/PRD		A09
58	Celio, EnricoEnrico Celio		TI	01940-02-22 February 22, 1940	01950-06-23 June 23, 1950	Posts and Railways	CVP/PDC		F06
59	Stampfli, WaltherWalther Stampfli		SO	01940-07-18 July 18, 1940	01947-11-18 November 18, 1947	Economic affairs	FDP/PRD		D08
60	Steiger, Eduard vonEduard von Steiger		BE	01940-12-10 December 10, 1940	01951-11-09 November 9, 1951	Justice	SVP/UDC		B07
61	Kobelt, KarlKarl Kobelt		SG	01940-12-10 December 10, 1940	01954-11-05 November 5, 1954	Defence	FDP/PRD		C12
62	Nobs, ErnstErnst Nobs		ZH	01943-12-15 December 15, 1943	01951-11-13 November 13, 1951	Finance	SPS/PSS		A10
63	Petitpierre, MaxMax Petitpierre		NE	01944-12-14 December 14, 1944	01961-06-30 June 30, 1961	Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD		G09
64	Rubattel, RodolpheRodolphe Rubattel		VD	01947-12-11 December 11, 1947	01954-11-01 November 1, 1954	Economic affairs	FDP/PRD		D09
65	Escher, JosefJosef Escher		VS	01950-09-14 September 14, 1950	01954-11-26 November 26, 1954	Posts and Railways	CVP/PDC		F07
66	Feldmann, MarkusMarkus Feldmann		BE	01951-12-13 December 13, 1951	01958-11-03 November 3, 1958	Justice	SVP/UDC		B08
67	Weber, MaxMax Weber		ZH	01951-12-13 December 13, 1951	01953-12-08 December 8, 1953	Finance	SPS/PSS		A11
68	Streuli, HansHans Streuli		ZH	01953-12-22 December 22, 1953	01959-11-19 November 19, 1959	Finance	FDP/PRD		A12
69	Holenstein, ThomasThomas Holenstein		SG	01954-12-16 December 16, 1954	01959-11-20 November 20, 1959	Economic affairs	CVP/PDC		F08
70	Chaudet, PaulPaul Chaudet		VD	01954-12-16 December 16, 1954	01966-11-28 November 28, 1966	Defence	FDP/PRD		D10
71	Lepori, GiuseppeGiuseppe Lepori		TI	01954-12-16 December 16, 1954	01959-11-24 November 24, 1959	Posts and Railways	CVP/PDC		C13
72	Wahlen, Friedrich TraugottFriedrich Traugott Wahlen		BE	01958-12-11 December 11, 1958	01965-12-31 December 31, 1965	Justice, Economic affairs, Foreign affairs	SVP/UDC		B09
73	Bourgknecht, JeanJean Bourgknecht		FR	01959-12-17 December 17, 1959	01962-09-03 September 3, 1962	Finance	CVP/PDC		E12
74	Spuhler, WillyWilly Spühler		ZH	01959-12-17 December 17, 1959	01970-01-31 January 31, 1970	Posts and Railways, Transport, Energy, Communications, Foreign affairs	SPS/PSS		A13
75	Moos, Ludwig vonLudwig von Moos		OW	01959-12-17 December 17, 1959	01971-12-31 December 31, 1971	Justice	CVP/PDC		F09
76	Tschudi, Hans-PeterHans-Peter Tschudi		BS	01959-12-17 December 17, 1959	01973-12-31 December 31, 1973	Home affairs	SPS/PSS		C14
77	Schaffner, HansHans Schaffner		AG	01961-06-15 June 15, 1961	01969-12-31 December 31, 1969	Economic affairs	FDP/PRD		G10
78	Bonvin, RogerRoger Bonvin		VS	01962-09-27 September 27, 1962	01973-12-31 December 31, 1973	Finance, Transport, Energy, Communications	CVP/PDC		E13
79	Gnägi, RudolfRudolf Gnägi		BE	01965-12-08 December 8, 1965	01979-12-31 December 31, 1979	Transport, Energy, Communications, Defence	SVP/UDC		B10
80	Celio, NelloNello Celio		TI	01966-12-15 December 15, 1966	01973-12-31 December 31, 1973	Defence, Finance	FDP/PRD		D11
81	Graber, PierrePierre Graber		NE	01969-12-10 December 10, 1969	01978-01-31 January 31, 1978	Foreign affairs	SPS/PSS		A14
82	Brugger, ErnstErnst Brugger		ZH	01969-12-10 December 10, 1969	01978-01-31 January 31, 1978	Economic affairs	FDP/PRD		G11
83	Furgler, KurtKurt Furgler		SG	01971-12-08 December 8, 1971	01986-12-31 December 31, 1986	Justice, Economic affairs	CVP/PDC		F10
84	Ritschard, WilliWilli Ritschard		SO	01973-12-05 December 5, 1973	01983-10-03 October 3, 1983	Transport, Energy, Communications, Finance	SPS/PSS	Died in office	C15
85	Hurlimann, HansHans Hürlimann		ZG	01973-12-05 December 5, 1973	01982-12-31 December 31, 1982	Home affairs	CVP/PDC		E14
86	Chevallaz, Georges-AndréGeorges-André Chevallaz		VD	01973-12-05 December 5, 1973	01983-12-31 December 31, 1983	Finance, Defence	FDP/PRD		D12
87	Honegger, FritzFritz Honegger		ZH	01977-12-07 December 7, 1977	01982-12-31 December 31, 1982	Economic affairs	FDP/PRD		G12
88	Aubert, PierrePierre Aubert		NE	01977-12-07 December 7, 1977	01987-12-31 December 31, 1987	Foreign affairs	SPS/PSS		A15
89	Schlumpf, LeonLeon Schlumpf		GR	01979-12-05 December 5, 1979	01987-12-31 December 31, 1987	Transport, Energy, Communications	SVP/UDC		B11
90	Egli, AlphonsAlphons Egli		LU	01982-12-08 December 8, 1982	01986-12-31 December 31, 1986	Home affairs	CVP/PDC		E15
91	Friedrich, RudolfRudolf Friedrich		ZH	01982-12-08 December 8, 1982	01984-10-20 October 20, 1984	Justice	FDP/PRD		G13
92	Stich, OttoOtto Stich		SO	01983-12-07 December 7, 1983	01995-10-31 October 31, 1995	Finance	SPS/PSS		C16
93	Delamuraz, Jean-PascalJean-Pascal Delamuraz		VD	01983-12-07 December 7, 1983	01998-03-30 March 30, 1998	Defence, Economic affairs	FDP/PRD		D13
94	Kopp, ElisabethElisabeth Kopp		ZH	01984-10-02 October 2, 1984	01989-01-12 January 12, 1989	Justice	FDP/PRD		G14
95	Koller, ArnoldArnold Koller		AI	01986-12-10 December 10, 1986	01999-01-13 January 13, 1999	Justice, Defence	CVP/PDC		F11
96	Cotti, FlavioFlavio Cotti		TI	01986-12-10 December 10, 1986	01999-01-13 January 13, 1999	Home affairs, Foreign affairs	CVP/PDC		E16
97	Felber, RenéRené Felber		NE	01987-12-09 December 9, 1987	01993-03-31 March 31, 1993	Foreign affairs	SPS/PSS		A16
98	Ogi, AdolfAdolf Ogi		BE	01987-12-09 December 9, 1987	02000-12-31 December 31, 2000	Transport, Energy, Communications, Defence	SVP/UDC		B12
99	Villiger, KasparKaspar Villiger		LU	01989-02-01 February 1, 1989	02003-12-31 December 31, 2003	Defence, Finance	FDP/PRD		G15
100	Dreifuss, RuthRuth Dreifuss		GE	01993-03-10 March 10, 1993	02002-12-31 December 31, 2002	Home affairs	SPS/PSS	Elected after Francis Matthey declined the election.	A17
101	Leuenberger, MoritzMoritz Leuenberger		ZH	01995-09-27 September 27, 1995	November 1, 2010	Transport, Energy, Communications	SPS/PSS		C17
102	Couchepin, PascalPascal Couchepin		VS	01998-03-11 March 11, 1998	02009-10-31 October 31, 2009	Economic affairs, Home affairs	FDP/PRD		D14
103	Metzler-Arnold, RuthRuth Metzler-Arnold		AI	01999-03-11 March 11, 1999	02003-12-31 December 31, 2003	Justice	CVP/PDC	Not re-elected	F12
104	Deiss, JosephJoseph Deiss		FR	01999-03-11 March 11, 1999	02006-07-31 July 31, 2006	Foreign affairs, Economic affairs	CVP/PDC		E17
105	Schmid, SamuelSamuel Schmid		BE	02000-12-06 December 6, 2000	December 31, 2008	Defence	BDP	Elected as SVP/UDC member.	B13
106	Calmy-Rey, MichelineMicheline Calmy-Rey		GE	02002-12-04 December 4, 2002	December 31, 2011	Foreign affairs	SPS/PSS		A18
107	Blocher, ChristophChristoph Blocher		ZH	02003-12-10 December 10, 2003	02007-12-31 December 31, 2007	Justice	SVP/UDC	Not re-elected.	F13
108	Merz, Hans-RudolfHans-Rudolf Merz		AR	02003-12-10 December 10, 2003	November 1, 2010	Finance	FDP/PRD		G16
109	Leuthard, DorisDoris Leuthard		AG	02006-06-14 June 14, 2006	—	Economic Affairs, Transport, Energy, Communications	CVP/PDC		E18
110	Widmer-Schlumpf, EvelineEveline Widmer-Schlumpf		GR	02007-12-12 December 12, 2007	—	Justice, Finance	BDP	Initially elected as SVP/UDC member.	F14
111	Maurer, UeliUeli Maurer		ZH	02008-12-10 December 10, 2008	—	Defence	SVP/UDC		B14
112	Burkhalter, DidierDidier Burkhalter		NE	02009-09-16 September 16, 2009	—	Home affairs, Foreign affairs	FDP/PRD		D15
113	Sommaruga, SimonettaSimonetta Sommaruga		BE	02010-09-22 September 22, 2010	—	Justice	SPS/PSS		C18
114	Schneider-Ammann, JohannJohann Schneider-Ammann		BE	02010-09-22 September 22, 2010	—	Economic affairs	FDP/PRD		G17
115	Berset, AlainAlain Berset		FR	02011-12-14 December 14, 2011	—	Home affairs	SPS/PSS		A19

Legend:

  Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD) after 1894; previously a more or less coherent group of Liberals, Radicals and Democrats

  Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC)

  Liberal Party (LPS/PLS)

  Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) after 1971; previously Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB/PAI) and associated minor parties

  Social Democratic Party (SPS/PSS)

  Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD)

The Councillors currently serving are indicated with bold type.

Members who declined their election

Five people have declined their election to the Federal Council by the Federal Assembly. Their number here is that of the Federal Councillor in the list above who was later elected in their place.

#	Name	Canton	Election	Party	Notes
10	Stehlin, Johann JakobJohann Jakob Stehlin	BS	01855-07-11 July 11, 1855	FDP/PRD
23	Ruchonnet, Antoine Louis JohnAntoine Louis John Ruchonnet	VD	01875-12-10 December 10, 1875	FDP/PRD	Later elected as 26th member.
23	Estoppey, CharlesCharles Estoppey	VD	01875-12-18 December 18, 1875	FDP/PRD
26	Hoffmann, KarlKarl Hoffmann	SG	01881-02-22 February 22, 1881	FDP/PRD
100	Matthey, FrancisFrancis Matthey	NE	01993-03-03 March 3, 1993	SPS/PSS

References

• Federal Council in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
• Swiss Federal Chancellery. "The Swiss Confederation: A brief guide 2007". http://www.bk.admin.ch/dokumentation/02070/index.html?lang=en. Retrieved 2008-02-10. 
• Services of the Swiss Parliament. "Resultate der Wahlen des Bundesrats, der Bundeskanzler und des Generals" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2008-02-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20080227092439/http://www.parlament.ch/SiteCollectionDocuments/wa-br-wahlresultate.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-10. 
• Swiss Federal Chancellery. "Chronological index of Federal Councillors". Archived from the original on 2008-01-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20080102050723/http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/cf/br/index2.html. Retrieved 2008-02-10. 
• Swiss Federal Chancellery. "Members of the Federal Council who declined election". Archived from the original on 2008-02-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20080203142013/http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/cf/br/index3.html. Retrieved 2008-02-10. 
• Church, Clive H. (2004). The Politics and Government of Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-69277-2.