Memphis Zoo

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Memphis Zoo

Entrance gate at the Memphis Zoo
Date opened	April 1906
Location	Memphis, Tennessee, USA
Land area	76 acres (0.31 km2)
Coordinates	35°09′00″N 89°59′39″W / 35.1500°N 89.9943°W / 35.1500; -89.9943Coordinates: 35°09′00″N 89°59′39″W / 35.1500°N 89.9943°W / 35.1500; -89.9943
Number of animals	3,500
Number of species	500
Memberships	AZA
Major exhibits	19 spread across 3 zones
Website	http://www.memphiszoo.org

The Memphis Zoo, located in Midtown Memphis, Tennessee, is home to more than 3,500 animals representing over 500 different species. Created in April 1906, the zoo has been a major tenant of Overton Park for more than 100 years. The land currently designated to the Memphis Zoo was defined by the Overton Park master plan in 1988, it is owned by the City of Memphis. The zoo is set on 76 acres (0.31 km²), of which approximately 55 acres (0.22 km²) are developed.

In 2008, the Memphis Zoo was ranked "#1 Zoo in the U.S." by TripAdvisor.com. The ranking was based on visitor opinions.^[1]

Since the early 1990s, the Memphis Zoo has invested over $77 million for renovation and expansion. The zoo's animal inhabitants reside in three zones with 19 exhibits, such as Teton Trek, Northwest Passage and China, home to Giant Pandas Ya Ya and Le Le^[2]

The Memphis Zoo is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Giant Pandas Ya Ya and Le Le are trademarks of the Memphis Zoo.

Contents 1 Areas and attractions 1.1 East zone 1.2 Central zone 1.3 West zone 1.4 Landscaping 1.5 Events 2 History 3 Gallery of animals 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Areas and attractions

The zoo hosts modern exhibits that mimic the animals' natural habitats, such as Once Upon A Farm, Cat Country, Primate Canyon, Dragon's Lair, Animals of the Night, Tropical Bird House, Herpetarium, Aquarium, African Veldt, China, Northwest Passage, and Teton Trek. Viewing all the exhibits requires a walk of about 2 miles (3.3 km). Operating seasonally, trams provide visitors with guided tours of exhibits for a small daily fee; the trams are also useful for shuttling visitors between distant exhibits. Other attractions at the Zoo include a carousel, an area with rides, a miniature train offering a scenic view of the Once Upon A Farm exhibit, and several theme-oriented gift shops and eateries; many of these amenities operate seasonally.^[3] A children's playground is located next to the Cat House Cafe, and several family picnic areas are maintained beneath groves of mature trees.

The zoo is divided into three zones that showcase a total of 19 different exhibits.

[edit] East zone

• Teton Trek—The 4-acre (1.6 ha) exhibit, which opened October 2009, brings hallmark features of the Yellowstone National Park to the Memphis Zoo.^[4][5] The Teton Trek begins with a 25-foot (6.6 m) replica of the Old Faithful Geyser and a 5,000-square foot (465 m²) replica of the Old Faithful Inn called the Great Lodge, where interpretive information is presented in an interactive format. The exhibit is home to some of the keystone species of the Yellowstone ecosystem: Grizzly Bears, Elk, Gray Wolves, Trumpeter Swans and Sandhill Cranes. The exhibit's trail provides visitors with spectacular views—from an underwater look at the bears' fishing pond to a prominent overlook atop the 12-foot (3.2 m) replica of Yellowstone's Firehole Falls.

• Northwest Passage - Home to the zoo's Polar Bears. The $23 million exhibit opened on March 1, 2006, and features an underwater viewing building, Sea Lion observation bubble and a 500-seat amphitheater for daily Sea Lion shows. Its theme is a tribute to the culture of the First Nations people and the animals and horticulture of the Pacific Northwest. Messages of conservation inspired by Chief Seattle, a famous Native American chief, are sprinkled though out the exhibit. Six hand-carved totem poles that stand throughout the area received a Native American blessing ceremony when they arrived at the zoo. The Northwest Passage is also home to the zoo's American Bald Eagles, Black Bears, and White-necked Ravens.

• African Veldt - African Elephants and Giraffe are joined by Zebras, Bongo, Grant's gazelle, White Rhinoceros and Ostriches in this area. The zoo's African Cranes, Bontebok, Lechwe and Scimitar Oryx also call this area home. The zoo finished enlarging the elephant exhibit in 2006, it now features a pool that allows elephants to submerse and bathe.

• Denizens of the Deep South - This area, with viewing areas above and below the water, features the zoo's American Alligator (named "Beta"), Alligator Gar, and other species that call America's southern waterways home. The exhibit once housed penguins.

• World of Waterfowl - Two wooden bridges take visitors through a wetland. It is home to around 30 Chilean Flamingos and a variety of other waterfowl.^[6]

• Birds and Bees - This exhibit opened in May 2009. It features an up-close look at two honey bee hives. Displays inside the exhibit explain what makes bees special and the role they play in agriculture. The indoor bee exhibit leads to an outdoor aviary that features approximately 500 budgies, commonly known as parakeets. In addition to viewing these colorful birds, visitors can feed them using millet seed-heads attached to sticks that are available for a small fee.

[edit] Central zone

• China - Opened in April 2003, this $16 million exhibit is a zoogeographical area the Memphis Zoo constructed after it became one of only four U.S. zoos to exhibit the Giant Panda. Other animals showcased in this effort to preserve Chinese species include Asian Small-clawed Otter, Père David's Deer, White-Cheeked Gibbon, Francois' Langur, and an assortment of colorful birds (See list).

• Primate Canyon - This exhibit was opened in 1995, it features naturalistic, outdoor exhibit areas for Western Lowland Gorillas, Sumatran Orangutans and Siamang Gibbons. Other animals in the area are Lion-tailed Macaques, the Mona Monkey, Sulawesi Macaques, the Eastern Black-and-white Colobus, and the Savanna Baboon.

• Commercial Appeal Cat Country - The 3 acres (0.012 km²), open-air exhibit houses African Lions, Cheetahs, Reeve's Muntjac, Leopard, Meerkats, Caracal Lynx, Capybara, Klipspringer, Cougars, Sumatran Tiger, Bengal Tiger, Crested Screamer, Jaguar, Snow Leopard, Red Panda, and Ocelot. The zoo employed cultural architecture native to the land of the species on exhibit (for example, temple ruins surround the Sumatran Tiger exhibit). The old Carnivora Building, where the cats used to live, was renovated to become the Memphis Zoo's primary restaurant - the Cat House Café.

• Hippos - A mother/daughter duo of hippos named "Julie" and "Splish" are showcased.

• Bonobos - Six Bonobos (including a baby Bonobo born in 2005) live in this indoor/outdoor hybrid exhibit across from the China exhibit. The Bonobo is endangered, and is found in the wild only in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

• Animals of the Night - This exhibit reverses the daily cycle of nonctournal animals, giving visitors the chance to see night-dwellers at their most active. The exhibit is developed around a central bat flyway which enables visitors to get a rare close-up view of the bats in flight or feeding. Also exhibited are a wide range of other species—from Aardvark to Wombat (See list).^[6]

[edit] West zone

• Komodo Dragons - This exhibit was specifically built for largest lizard in the world. The zoo's three dragons share a special exhibit with outdoor and indoor areas allowing them to stay warm during the cool winter months. Keepers hold a feeding demonstration of the Komodo Dragons on Saturdays.

• Tropical Bird House - A variety of colorful birds in outdoor enclosures greet visitors at the entrance to the zoo's Tropical Bird House. The building is home to exotic bird species from around the world (See list). The exhibit features a walk-through aviary which allows visitors close contact to a number of birds, especially during feeding time.

• Aquarium - One of the oldest exhibits at the Memphis Zoo, the aquarium remains a very active and interesting exhibit. The building houses aquatic life from both fresh and salt water environments. Some of the more notable animals include: Nile softshell turtle, Fly River turtle, mata mata turtle, Electric eel, Red bellied piranha, and Archer fish (See list). The electric eel exhibit has a unique feature that converts the eel's electric pulses into a sound and visual display.

• Penguin Rock - Over 30 African Penguins live across from the zoo's rides area at Penguin Rock. American White Pelicans are located nearby.

• Once Upon A Farm - An exhibit built to resemble an early 1900s farm. It is home to: Caspian Horse, Domestic Goat, Prairie Dog, Domestic Chicken, Miniature Cow, Guinea Hog, Pekin Duck and Miniature Donkey. In addition to farm animals, a vegetable garden, cotton patch, and rows of corn provide visitors with some of the essential elements of a southern farm during the growing season.

• Herpetarium - Located across from the Tropical Bird House, the herpetarium is home to the zoo's snakes, alligators, lizards, and frogs (See list). It includes the rare Louisiana Pine Snake in addition to some of the most venomous snakes in the world, including the Green mamba and Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake.

• Round Barn - Home to Giraffe Gazelles or Gerenuks, which are known by their extremely long necks. Keepers encourage their foraging behavior by placing tall bamboo stems in their exhibit. Also home to Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill, Warthog, Red River Hog, Nyala, Yellow-backed Duiker, Dik Dik, Klipspringer, and Dama Gazelle.^[6]

[edit] Landscaping

Landscaping plays a key role in each of the Zoo's three zones, both within exhibits and along the interconnecting trails.^[7] Water features, such as ponds, waterfalls, fountains, and streams, are dominant elements of the overall design, in addition to faux rock formations which blend into the containment walls of the animals' enclosures. Other key elements of the landscaping are a diverse mix of trees, shrubs, and seasonal herbaceous plants.

Most of the larger trees are native species, which include sweetgum, sycamore, tulip poplar and a host of different oaks and hickories.^[8] Common shrubs include colorful native species, such as American beautyberry, oakleaf hydrangea, southern bayberry, and witch hazel, plus numerous exotic shrubs selected for their individual merits. Some exhibits feature plants that support the exhibit's theme, such as the Chinese fringetrees and Chinese snowball viburnums in the China Exhibit and several species of western conifers, maples, and birches in the Northwest Passage and Teton Trek Exhibits.

Several gardens are maintained within the Zoo, where the plants are the featured items.^[9] In addition, tropical plants are grown in several areas during summer months; species include banana plants, elephant ears, hibiscuses, and oleanders growing above a groundcover of coleus and ornamental sweet potato.

[edit] Events

The Memphis Zoo sponsors an wide variety of special events with the overall theme—Always Something To Do. These include: Horticultural Tours (periodic), Plant Sale (April), Zoo Boo with its Haunted Forest (October), Zoo Lights with over 1 million holiday lights, Santa, live reindeer, and magic show (November/December), Zoo Rendezvous (September), Zoo Snooze (periodic), and many more.^[10] There are also a wide assortment of educational activities throughout the year for school-aged children.

[edit] History

This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (November 2009)

• 1906 - The Memphis Park Commission allocates $1,200 to establish the Memphis Zoo on April 4. Spearheaded by Col. Robert Galloway, the head of the Memphis Parks Commission, $3,628 is used to build 23 simple cages and a row of concrete bear dens in August.

• 1907 - Galloway Hall, the Memphis Zoo's first building, was finished. It was named in honor of Col. Galloway, and was demolished to make room for later exhibits.

• 1909 - The Carnivora Building was constructed to house the first cats at the zoo. It was later replaced by Cat Country, and converted into an inner-zoo restaurant.

• 1910 - The Elephant House opened. The building is still used, but the elephants were moved to the African Veldt exhibit.

• 1916 - The Botanical Display Building opened. It was later converted into the Tropical Bird House.

• 1923 - The Memphis Zoo acquired a round barn from the Memphis Police Department, who used the building as their stable for the mounted horse patrol in the early 1900s. The zoo's round barn exhibit is a collection of exotic hoofstock and birds.

• 1936 - The zoo's first primate exhibit, Monkey Island, was built. It was replaced in 1995 by Primate Canyon.

• 1959 - The Aquarium was built. It is one of the oldest exhibits at the Memphis Zoo, and remains a very active and interesting exhibit. The building houses aquatic life from both fresh and salt water environments. In 1979, it had major renovations.

• 1960 - The Herpetarium was constructed, located across from the Tropical Bird House. The herpetarium is home to the zoo's snakes, alligators, lizards and frogs. Later in the year, the Pachyderm/Elephant exhibit was finished, and the elephants moved from the old elephant house.

• 1990 - The zoo renovated its entrance.

• 1993 - Cat Country opens: a 3 acres (0.012 km²), open-air exhibit devoted to both predators and prey of the cat world. Tigers and lions share common space with the Fennec Foxes and Meerkats. An Education Complex, Discovery Center and Elephant’s Trunk Zoo Shop also open in conjunction.

• 1994 - The Cat House Cafe, the zoo's primary restaurant, opens in the old Carnivora Building, which formerly housed the large cats.

• 1995 - Three new areas opened in the zoo. The first, Animals of the Night, one of the few exhibits of its kind in the USA, is devoted to nocturnal animals, and reverses their hours from normal so visitors can see them at their most active. "Once Upon A Farm" also opened as an exhibit which was built to resemble an early 1900s farm. The final entry, Primate Canyon, features naturalistic, outdoor exhibit areas for a variety of monkeys and apes.

• 1998 - An exhibit named Dragon’s Lair was specifically built for three Komodo Dragons. The Memphis Zoo's three dragons share a special exhibit with outdoor and indoor areas, allowing them to stay warm during the cool winter months.

• 1998 - A new animal hospital was finished, with separate holding and quarantine wings built on opposite ends of the building. The sick wing separates sick or injured animals from others and allows for proper recovery time. The quarantine wing is used for newly-acquired animals, which are quarantined for at least 30 days upon arrival at the zoo before being introduced to their new homes. The wing is one of the most important aspects of the new hospital for the animals, vets, curators and keepers.

• 1998 - On September 18, 1998, two plaques were dedicated in memory of musician Jeff Buckley in the Memphis Zoo's Sumatran Tiger exhibit. His mother has chosen that spot because of his great love of the Memphis Zoo and the tigers in particular. Jeff frequently visited the zoo, had plans to become a volunteer in 1997 and, according to his mother, never left the zoo without visiting the Butterflies: In Living Color exhibit, which also opened early in 1998. The exhibit was replaced by "Birds and Bees" in late May, 2009.

• 2003 - In April 2003, the Memphis Zoo became one of only four U.S. zoos to exhibit Earth's most treasured endangered species, the Giant Panda. One male and one female Giant Panda ("Ya Ya" and "Le Le") share their 3 acres (0.012 km²) home with several other species native to China, in the first Memphis Zoo exhibit to be built as zoogeographical, a word that describes exhibits that feature an animal collection from a specific part of the world. The buildings, plant life and even the sounds of China are represented in this $16 million exhibit.

• 2006 - On March 1, 2006, the Northwest Passage exhibit opened with underwater viewing for both the Polar Bears and Sea Lions. The animals frequently interact with visitors, and the Sea Lions are especially fond of following and mimicking small children.

• 2007 - The year marked a renovation of the popular Butterflies: In Living Color! The exhibit houses as many as 1,000 butterflies of 35 different species. There were 56 varieties of plants for the butterflies to feed on.

• 2007 - On June 13, 2007, the Memphis Zoo's female panda, Ya Ya, was discovered to have had a miscarriage after undergoing a followup ultrasound.^[11]

• 2008 - On January 8, 2008, a stray dog entered the Memphis Zoo through a service door and leapt into the tiger exhibit before officials could apprehend it. Zoo staff distracted the tigers and the dog, although with various wounds, was able to walk out of the exhibit and survived.^[12]

• 2008 - Beginning in February, 2008, the Memphis Zoo began construction of the zoo's new Teton Trek exhibit^[13] The Memphis Zoo's decision to clear some trees to build the Teton Trek exhibit has been criticized by Citizens to Preserve Overton Park^[14] and Park Friends Inc^[15].

• 2009 - On March 17, 2009, the Zoo had its largest single day attendance ever, topping over 20,450 people^[16].

• 2009 - Birds and Bees exhibit opened in late May, 2009 in the former butterfly exhibit. The butterfly garden moved outside of the aviary, and is still very close to the original exhibit.

• 2009 - The first elephant was born at the Memphis Zoo on July 6; unfortunately, the female calf died several days later.^[17].

• 2009 - Longtime zoo favorite "Ann" the reticulated python died on July 28. She was 18 years old.

• 2009 – Grand opening ceremony and ribbon cutting for Teton Trek were conducted on October 10. Winning artists of the Teton Trek Art Contest were recognized.^[18]

[edit] Gallery of animals

Memphis Zoo

Polar Bear   Butterfly   Giant Panda   Cheetah   African Lion   Hippo   Prairie Dogs   Black Leopard or Panther   Puma   Rhinoceros   China Exhibit   Primate Canyon   Primate Canyon Interior   Herpetarium   Sea Lion Show   Black Crake   Northwest Passage   Grizzly cubs, Teton Trek

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Media related to Memphis Zoo at Wikimedia Commons: Additional picture gallery
• Official website

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