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Mercedes-Benz W116

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 2003:ca:a74c:1000:b8f5:3b5a:ea1d:dcf1 (talk) at 21:04, 30 November 2022 (Revised the 450 SEL 6.9’s displacement to 6834cc or 6.8 L; rearranged and revised the 450 SEL 6.9 section; removed few paragraphs from 450 SEL 6.9 because they are repeated in the main article for 450 SEL 6.9). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Mercedes-Benz W116/V116
Overview
ManufacturerDaimler-Benz
Production1972–1980
Assembly
DesignerFriedrich Geiger (1969)[1]
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size luxury car (F)
Body style4-door sedan
LayoutFR layout
RelatedMercedes-Benz R107
Mercedes-Benz W123
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission3-speed 722.0 automatic
4-speed 722.1 automatic
4-speed manual
5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,865 mm (112.8 in)
2,965 mm (116.7 in) (SEL)
Length4,960 mm (195.3 in)
5,060 mm (199.2 in) (SEL)
5,220 mm (205.5 in) (SE US bumpers)
5,334 mm (210.0 in) (SEL US bumpers)
Width1,870 mm (73.6 in)
Height1,410 mm (55.5 in) & 1,430 mm (56.3 in)
Chronology
PredecessorMercedes-Benz W108
SuccessorMercedes-Benz W126

The Mercedes-Benz W116 is a series of flagship luxury sedans produced from September 1972[2] until 1980.[3] The W116 automobiles were the first Mercedes-Benz models to be officially called S-Class, although earlier sedan models had already unofficially been designated with the letter 'S' – for Sonderklasse or "special class." The W116 was selected European Car of the Year in 1974.

History

The 'new' S-class generation development began in 1966, which was only a year after the launch of the W108/09. This was the first Mercedes saloon to feature the brand new corporate styling theme which was to be continued until 1993 when the 190 was discontinued. The design, finalized in December 1969[4] was a dramatic leap forward, with more masculine lines that combined to create an elegant and sporty character. The basic design concept carried through the themes originally introduced on the R107 SL-Class roadster, especially the front and rear lights.[1] As for the SL, the W116 received the ridged lamp covers which kept dirt accumulation at bay; this was to remain a Mercedes-Benz design theme into the 21st century.[5] The W116 was Friedrich Geiger's last design for Mercedes-Benz; his career had started with the Mercedes-Benz 500K in 1933.

The car was presented in September 1972. The model range initially included two versions of the M110 engine (straight-six with 2746 cc displacement) — the 280 S (using a Solex carburetor) and the 280 SE (using Bosch D-Jetronic injection), plus the 350 SE, powered by the M116 engine (V8 with 3499 cc displacement). After the 1973 oil crisis, a long-wheelbase 280 SEL was added to the model range.

The larger 4.5-litre M117 V8 engines were developed in response to the US emission regulations and initially fitted to 350 SL and 350 SLC for the US market in 1972, which was renamed as 450 SL and 450 SLC in 1973. Mercedes-Benz introduced 450 SE and 450 SEL for both US and international markets in 1973. The 4.5-litre models were available with three-speed automatic gearboxes only while the models with smaller 3.5-litre V8 engine could be ordered with four-speed (and later five-speed) manual gearbox. The 450 SE and 450 SEL received a plusher interior with velour or leather seats rather than the checkered cloth of the lesser models. The door cards had the velour or leather inserts.[6]

The 4.5-litre M117 V8 engines had 225 PS (165 kW) in most European and international markets, 190 hp (142 kW) for the US market, and 200 PS (147 kW) for Swedish amd Australian markets.[5] The 450s received a plusher interior as well, with velour or leather seats rather than the checkered cloth of the lesser models. The door cards were also of a different design with pads being pulled up around the windows.[6]

The W116 had independent suspension and disk brakes on all four wheels.

The most notable W116 was the high-performance, limited-production 450 SEL 6.9, which was introduced in 1975. This model boasted the largest engine installed in a post-war Mercedes-Benz (and any non-American production automobile) up to that time,[7] and also featured self-leveling hydropneumatic suspension.

Exclusive to the North American and Japanese markets, 300 SD, the world’s first passenger car with turbocharged diesel engine was introduced in 1978. This particular model was never offered in Europe where diesel engines were well-received and had tax advantages until 1991 when W140 300SD was finally introduced in Europe and international market.

The 450 SE was named the European Car of the Year in 1974, even though the W116 range was first introduced at the Paris Motor Show in the fall of 1972.[8] The W116 range became the first production car to use an electronic four-wheel multi-channel anti-lock braking system (ABS) from Bosch as an option from 1978 on.

Production totaled 473,035 units. The W116 was succeeded by the W126 S-Class in 1979. The W116 was sold throughout Europe, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Australia.

Fuel Injection

1978 M110 Engine, Twin cam straight 6. (2.8 Litre) with K-Jetronic fuel injection. The left cam drives the pump for the Hydraulic self-leveling rear suspension.
1978 Mercedes Benz 280SE (Australian delivered) in 906 Graublau metallic (Grey Blue metallic)

In 1975, the W116 was upgraded with a new fuel injection system to comply with revised exhaust emission standards in European markets. A slight power reduction was a result of this update. In 1978, a series of engine upgrades restored original performance levels with new fuel injection systems. Initially the early models (1973-1974) of the W116 with the Twin Cam inline 6 used the D-Jetronic fuels injection system with computers and MAP sensor that are both prone to failure after more than 20 years of use. From 1975 onward they used the K-Jetronic mechanical fuel injection system, a less complicated system that proved to be much more reliable in the long run and injectors cost 6x less than the D-jetronic system. The W116 equipped with the K-Jetronic system, used a cast-iron fuel distributor, which can be prone to rust over time if moisture or water is present in the fuel. This was changed to an alloy fuel distributor in the following model W126 and is not subject to corrosion.

Chassis code Model Years Model Engine No. built[9]
W116.020 1973–1980 280 S sedan 2.8 L M110 I6 122,848
W116.024 1973–1980 280 SE sedan 2.8 L M110 I6 150,593
W116.025 1974–1980 280 SEL sedan 2.8 L M110 I6 7,032
W116.028 1973–1980 350 SE sedan 3.5 L M116 V8 51,100
W116.029 1973–1980 350 SEL sedan 3.5 L M116 V8 4,266
W116.032 1973–1980 450 SE sedan 4.5 L M117 V8 41,604
W116.033 1973–1980 450 SEL sedan 4.5 L M117 V8 59,578
W116.036 1975–1980 450 SEL 6.9 6.9 L M100 V8 7,380
W116.120 1978–1980 300 SD sedan 3.0 L OM617 turbodiesel I5
(United States and Canada only)		 28,634

Hydropneumatic Suspension

W116 was first model from Mercedes-Benz to feature the hydropneumatic suspension system. While the principle is similar to Citroën’s, Mercedes-Benz made some changes. The hydraulic pump was driven by the timing chain instead of rubber belt for more reliability (Citroën’s system would lead to loss of hydraulic power if belt failed). Mercedes-Benz utilised the hard rubber dampers as temporary dampers in event of hydraulic failure. The height adjustment had a smaller range of height as compared to Citroën (5 cm versus 50 cm). Unlike Citroën, the car did not “sink” to the ground after shutting off the engine, and the driver did not have to wait for the hydraulic power to spool up and lift the car to the operating height.

The full hydropneumatic suspension system was fitted to the 450 SEL 6.9 as standard. In 1977, the self-levelling rear suspension system was offered for 450 SEL as extra cost option outside the North American market.

North American sales

Mercedes-Benz 450 SE (United States)

North America was a key market for the W116. The model range for the U.S. market at launch was 280 SE, 450 SE, and 450 SEL. For 1975, 280 S was launched as a response to the 1973 oil crisis. The 6.9 was added in 1977 with the MSRP of $38,230 while 280 S and 450 SE were dropped due to slow sales. 300 SD TURBODIESEL, the world’s first passenger car with turbocharged diesel engine, was launched in the United States and Canada in 1978: the S-Class model with turbocharged diesel engine was exclusive to the North American and Japanese markets until 1991.

[10] It had a turbocharged 3.0-litre inline-five diesel engine developed from that of the C111 experimental vehicle. It was developed to help Mercedes-Benz keep from falling afoul of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards introduced in 1975; it became a best seller and helped considerably lower Mercedes-Benz' average fuel economy.[10]

Due to the modifications demanded by the U.S. Government, U.S. Models of the Mercedes-Benz W116 were described by journalists as if a "beautiful car was beaten with the malaise ugly stick."[11]

450 SEL 6.9

Main article: Mercedes-Benz 450SEL 6.9
Mercedes-Benz 450 SEL 6.9 for rest of world
450 SEL 6.9 for North America

The high-performance 450 SEL 6.9 version of the S-Class was built on its own assembly line by Daimler-Benz in Sindelfingen, Germany and based on the long-wheelbase version of the W116 chassis. The model was generally referred to in the company's literature as the "6.9", to separate it from the regular 450 SEL.

The 450 SEL 6.9 was first shown to the motoring press at the Geneva Auto Show in 1974 and produced between 1975 and 1981 in extremely limited numbers. It was billed as the flagship of the Mercedes-Benz car line and the successor to Mercedes-Benz's original high-performance sedan, the 300 SEL 6.3.

LeMons racing

In September 2013, a 1979 W116 300 SD was campaigned in the 24 Hours of LeMons at Carolina Motorsports Park, where it completed 166 laps at an average speed of 54.8 MPH.[12] It won the highest prize of the event, the Index of Effluency. Other than mild issues relating to brake and tire wear, no mechanical issues were encountered. After numerous modifications to handling, the car was again run in February 2014 at Barber Motorsports park in Birmingham, AL. It placed 44th, but turned 281 laps at an average pace of 59.6 MPH. One of the key advantages of the 300 SD in long-distance racing is its exceptional fuel economy on track, where it burns just 2.5 GPH (Roughly 18MPG). In July 2014 it placed first in class at Sebring. It is still active in the series.[13]

Technical data

Technical data Mercedes-Benz W116 [14] (Manufacturer's figures except where stated)

Mercedes-Benz 280 S
(W116 V28) 		280 SE
(W116 E28) 		350 SE
(W116 E35) 		450 SE
(W116 E45) 		450 SEL 6.9
(W116 E69) 		300 SD
(W116 D30A)
Chassis code:  116.020 SE: 116.024
SEL: 116.025		 SE: 116.028
SEL: 116.029		 SE: 116.032
SEL: 116.033		 116.036 116.120
Produced:  1972–1980 SE: 1972 – 1980
SEL: 1974 − 1980		 SE: 1972 – 1980
SEL: 1973 − 1980		 1972–1980 1975–1980 1977–1980
Engine:  6-cylinder-inline engine (four-stroke), front-mounted 90° 8-cylinder-V engine (four-stroke), front-mounted 5-cylinder-inline engine (four-stroke), front-mounted
Bore x Stroke:  86 mm x 78.8 mm 92 mm x 65.8 mm 92 mm x 85 mm 107 mm x 95 mm 90.9 mm x 92.4 mm
Displacement:  2746 cc 3499 cc 4520 cc 6834 cc 2998 cc
Engine code:  M110.922 D-Jet: M110.983
K-Jet: M110.985		 D-Jet: M116.983
K-Jet: M116.985		 D-Jet: M117.983
K-Jet: M117.986		 M100.985 OM617.950
Max. Power
at rpm:		 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp)
at 5,500
USA: 120 bhp (89 kW; 122 PS)
at 4,800		 185 PS (136 kW; 182 hp)
at 6,000
USA: 142 bhp (106 kW; 144 PS)
at 5,750		 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp)
at 5,800		 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp)
at 5,000
USA: 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp)
at 4,750		 286 PS (210 kW; 282 hp)
at 4,250
250 bhp (186 kW; 253 PS)
at 4,000		 1979: 110 bhp (82 kW; 112 PS)
at 4,200
1980: 120 bhp (89 kW; 122 PS)
at 4,350
Max. Torque
at rpm: 		 225 N⋅m (166 lb⋅ft)
at 4,000
USA: 143 ft⋅lbf (194 N⋅m)		 238 N⋅m (176 lb⋅ft)
at 4,500
USA: 149 ft⋅lbf (202 N⋅m)		 286 N⋅m (211 lb⋅ft)
at 4,000		 377 N⋅m (278 lb⋅ft)
at 3,000
USA: 240 ft⋅lbf (325 N⋅m)		 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft)
at 3,000
USA: 360 ft⋅lbf (488 N⋅m)		 1979: 168 ft⋅lbf (228 N⋅m)
at 2,400
1980: 170 ft⋅lbf (230 N⋅m)
at 2,400
Compression Ratio:  9.0: 1 9.0: 1 9.5: 1 8.8: 1 8.8: 1 21.5: 1
Fuel feed:  One 2-bbl Solex 4A1 Bosch D-Jetronic, from July 1975 K-Jetronic Bosch K-Jetronic Bosch injection pump
Garrett turbine
Fuel tank capacity:  96 L (25.4 US gal; 21.1 imp gal) 82 L (21.7 US gal; 18.0 imp gal)
Valvetrain:  DOHC, duplex chain SOHC, duplex chain
Cooling:  Water
Gearbox:  4-speed or 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic
rear wheel drive, standard axle ratio 3.69:1 or 3.92:1 (5-speed) 		4-speed manual
or 3-speed automatic
rear wheel drive
standard axle ratio 3.46:1 		3-speed automatic
rear wheel drive
standard axle ratio 3.07:1		 3-speed automatic
rear wheel drive
standard axle ratio 2.65:1		 4-speed automatic
rear wheel drive
standard axle ratio 3.07:1
Automatic gearbox: model (type) W4B 025 (722.1)[15] W3A 040 (722.0)[15] W3B 050 (722.0) Worldwide[16] W3A 040 (722.0) USA & Japan[16] W3B 050 reinf. (722.003)[17] W4B 025 (722.1)
Electrical system:  12 volt
Front suspension:  Double wishbones, coil and additional rubber springs, stabilising bar
6.9: Double wishbones, hydropneumatic damping, stabilizing torsion bar
Rear suspension::  Diagonal swing axle, trailing arms, coil springs, stabilizing torsion bar
6.9: Diagonal swing axle, hydropneumatic damping, stabilizing torsion bar · 4.5 and 6.9: starting anti-dive suspension
Brakes:  Disc brakes (Ø 278 mm front, 279 mm rear), power assisted, from 1979 on request ABS
Steering:  Recirculating ball steering, manual or servo-assisted
Body structure:  Sheet steel, monocoque (unibody) construction
Dry weight:  1,660 kg (3,660 lb)
USA: 3,770 lb (1,710 kg)		 1,665 kg (3,671 lb)
SEL: 1,700 kg (3,748 lb)
USA: 3,750 lb (1,701 kg)		 1,725 kg (3,803 lb)
SEL: 1,760 kg (3,880 lb)		 1,740 kg (3,836 lb)
SEL: 1,825 kg (4,023 lb)
USA: 3,843 lb (1,743 kg)		 1,985 kg (4,376 lb)
USA: 4,285 lb (1,944 kg)		 1,815 kg (4,001 lb)
Loaded weight:  2,130 kg (4,696 lb) 2,130 kg (4,696 lb)
SEL: 2,165 kg (4,773 lb)		 2,195 kg (4,839 lb)
SEL: 2,220 kg (4,894 lb)		 2,250 kg (4,960 lb)
SEL: 2,285 kg (5,038 lb)		 2,420 kg (5,335 lb) 2,215 kg (4,883 lb)
Track front/
rear: 		 1,521 mm (59.9 in) / 1,505 mm (59.3 in)
Wheelbase:  S/SE: 2,865 mm (112.8 in)
SEL: 2,965 mm (116.7 in)		 SE: 2,860 mm (112.6 in)
SEL: 2,960 mm (116.5 in)		 2,865 mm (112.8 in)
Length:  4,960 mm (195.3 in)
5,060 mm (199.2 in)
Width:  1,870 mm (73.6 in)
Height:  1,410 mm (55.5 in) − 1,430 mm (56.3 in)
Tyre/Tire sizes:  185 HR 14 205/70 VR 14 215/70 VR 14 185 HR 14
Acceleration 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph):  11.5s 10.5s 9.5s (10.0s SEL) 8.5s (8.9s SEL) 7.4s 17.0s 16.2s (from 10.1979)
Top speed:  190 km/h (118 mph) 200 km/h (124 mph) 205 km/h (127 mph) 210 km/h (130 mph) 225 km/h (140 mph) 165 km/h (103 mph)
Fuel Consumption (guideline DIN 70030: determined at 3/4 of top-speed (not more than 110 km/h), plus 10%):  12.5 litres per 100 kilometres (22.6 mpg‑imp; 18.8 mpg‑US) 13.0 litres per 100 kilometres (21.7 mpg‑imp; 18.1 mpg‑US) 14.5 litres per 100 kilometres (19.5 mpg‑imp; 16.2 mpg‑US) 16.0 litres per 100 kilometres (17.7 mpg‑imp; 14.7 mpg‑US) 10.6 litres per 100 kilometres (27 mpg‑imp; 22 mpg‑US)

Features

Mercedes-Benz 280 SE (France)
Mercedes-Benz 450 SEL (Australia)

The W116 S-Class incorporated a broad variety of Mercedes-Benz safety innovations.

  • Four wheel anti-lock brakes were first featured as an option on the 1978 W116 S-Class. This system prevents the wheels from locking while braking. The system improves steering control during hard braking situations, and to shorten brake distances.
  • Strengthened body structure. The W116 featured a more stable security passenger cell with a stiffened roof frame structure. High strength roof and door pillars, along with other reinforced zones, provided enhanced vehicle occupant protection.
  • Deformation zones (crumple zones) in the front and rear.
  • A padded dashboard, deformable switches and controls, and a four-spoke steering wheel with impact absorber and broad impact cushion aimed to reduce occupant injury during collisions.
  • The fuel tank was no longer fitted at the rear end, but was now placed above the rear axle for added protection.
  • Wraparound turn signals made it easier to communicate with nearby drivers.

References

  1. ^ a b "W116 : Mercedes-Benz S-Class – 280S, 280SE, 280SEL, 300SD, 350SE, 350SEL, 450SE, 450SEL & 450SEL 6.9". w116.org.
  2. ^ Garnier, Peter, ed. (21 September 1972). "News". Autocar: 19.
  3. ^ Deutsche Autos, Band 4, 2001, pp. 80–81, "Der letzte Wagen der Baureihe 116 lief im September 1980 vom Band, obwohl bereits im Dezember 1979 die Fertigung des Nachfolgers (Baureihe 126) begonnen hatte.".
  4. ^ James Taylor (15 December 2013). Mercedes-Benz S-Class 1972-2013. Crowood. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-84797-596-6.
  5. ^ a b Stjerna, Mikael (June 2016). "Årets vinnare" [The year's winner]. Klassiska Bilar (in Swedish). 5 (5). Stockholm, Sweden: Bonnier Tidskrifter AB: 40.
  6. ^ a b Stjerna, p. 42
  7. ^ "In the lap of luxury: The Mercedes S-Class W116 | Classic Driver Magazine". Classicdriver.com. 2013-07-11. Retrieved 2016-07-16.
  8. ^ Stjerna, p. 39
  9. ^ Deutsche Autos, Band 4, 2001, pp. 80, 86.
  10. ^ a b "Exponat-Details: Mercedes-Benz 300SD" [Exhibit Details: Mercedes-Benz 300SD]. Mercedes-Benz Classic (in German). Daimler AG. 2012-03-12. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22.
  11. ^ JAY RAMEY (1 February 2016). "Mercedes W123 hits the big 4-0 The grandfather of the E-Class is still a daily driver all around the world". Autoweek.
  12. ^ "Classification – details – MYLAPS Sports Timing". mylaps.com.
  13. ^ "Classification – details – MYLAPS Sports Timing". mylaps.com.
  14. ^ Deutsche Autos, Band 4, 2001.
  15. ^ a b "MB Passenger Car Series 116, PDF p. 10" (PDF).
  16. ^ a b "MB Passenger Car Types with Engine M117, PDF p. 14" (PDF).
  17. ^ "MB AUS 1979, PDF p. 57" (PDF).

Bibliography

General

  • Alder, Trevor (1996). Mercedes-Benz S-Class Saloons, 1972–91: Road Tests & Articles. Transport Source Books. ASIN B005U5LANQ.
  • Barrett, Frank (1998). Illustrated Buyer's Guide Mercedes-Benz. Motorbooks International Illustrated Buyer's Guide series (2nd ed.). Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing. ISBN 0-7603-0451-3.
  • Clarke, R.M., ed. (1987). On Mercedes 1971-1979. Road & Track Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN 1-869826-42-6.
  • ——————, ed. (1993). Mercedes Sclass 1972-1979. Road Test Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN 1855201879.
  • Häußermann, Martin (2006). Mercedes-Benz S-Class: The brochures since 1952. Archive edition of the DaimlerChrysler Group Archive. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN 3-7688-1720-2.
  • Hofner, Heribert (1997). Die S-Klasse von Mercedes-Benz: von der Kultur des Fahrens [The S-Class from Mercedes-Benz: from the culture of driving] (in German). Augsburg: Bechtermünz Verlag. ISBN 3-86047-589-4.
  • ——————— (1997). Die S-Klasse von Mercedes-Benz: von der Kultur des Fahrens [The S-Class from Mercedes-Benz: from the culture of driving] (in German). Augsburg: Bechtermünz Verlag. ISBN 3860475894.
  • ———————; Schrader, Halwart (2005). Mercedes-Benz Automobile [Mercedes-Benz Automobiles] (in German). Vol. Band 2: von 1964 bis heute [Volume 2: from 1964 to today]. Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. ISBN 3898804194.
  • ——————— (2011). Mercedes-Benz Typenkunde [Mercedes-Benz Type Study] (in German). Vol. Band 3. Modelle der Oberklasse von 1951 bis 1972, Luxusklasse, S-, SL- und SLC-Klasse [Volume 3. Upper class models from 1951 to 1972, Luxury class, S-, SL- and SLC-Class]. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN 9783768832786.
  • Kittler, Eberhard (2002). Mercedes-Benz. Typenkompass series (in German). Vol. Band 2. Personenwagen seit 1976 [Volume 2. Passenger Cars since 1976]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-613-02209-5.
  • McComb, F. Wilson (1980). Mercedes-Benz V8s: Limousines, Saloons, Sedans. 1963 to date. Osprey AutoHistory series. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0850453836.
  • Meredith, Laurence (2003). Mercedes-Benz Saloons: The Classic Models of the 1960s and 1970s. Crowood AutoClassic Series. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. ISBN 1861265182.
  • Niemann, Harry (2006). Personenwagen von Mercedes-Benz: Automobillegenden und Geschichten seit 1886 [Passenger Cars from Mercedes-Benz: Automobile Legends and Stories since 1886] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613025965.
  • Nitske, W. Robert (1995). Mercedes-Benz Production Models Book 1946-1995 (4th ed.). Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing. ISBN 0-7603-0245-6.
  • Oswald, Werner [in German] (2001). Deutsche Autos [German Cars] (in German). Vol. Band [Volume] 4: 1945–1990 Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Porsche und andere [and others]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613021315.
  • ——————— (2001). Mercedes-Benz Personenwagen [Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars] (in German). Vol. Band 2: 1945–1985 [Volume 2: 1945–1985]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613021684.
  • Parish, Julian (2020). Mercedes-Benz S-Class: W116-series 1972 to 1980. The Essential Buyer's Guide series. Dorchester, Dorset, UK: Veloce Publishing. ISBN 9781787115637.
  • Röcke, Matthias (1991). Das große Mercedes-S-Klasse-Buch: alle Modellreihen von W 108 bis W 140 (1965 bis heute) [The Big Mercedes S-Class Book: all model codes from W 108 to W 140 (1965 to today)] (in German). Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. ISBN 3-89365-234-5.
  • ——————— (2003). Das neue große Mercedes-S-Klasse-Buch [The New Big Mercedes S-Class Book] (in German). Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. ISBN 3-89880-158-6.
  • Rohde, Michael; Koch, Detlef (2000). Mercedes-Benz. Typenkompass series (in German). Vol. Band 1. Personenwagen 1945 - 1975 [Volume 1. Passenger Cars 1945 - 1975]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 361302019X.
  • Schlegelmilch, Rainer W. [in German]; Lehbrink, Hartmut; von Osterroth, Jochen (2013). Mercedes (revised ed.). Königswinter, Germany: Ullmann Publishing. ISBN 978-3-8480-0267-2.
  • Storz, Alexander Franc (2010). Mercedes-Benz S-Klasse: Baureihe W 116. Schrader-Typen-Chronik series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 9783613031838.
  • Taylor, James (1986). Mercedes-Benz since 1945: A Collector's Guide. Vol. 3: The 1970s. Croydon, UK: Motor Racing Publications. pp. 6–22, 61–88, 127–129, 133–135, 139–140. ISBN 0-900549-97-1.
  • —————— (2014). Mercedes-Benz S-Class 1972-2013. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1-84797-595-9.

Workshop manuals

  • Chilton Automotive Editorial Staff (1974). Mercedes-Benz: 1968-73 All 220, 230, 250, 280, 300, 350 and 450 models, gasoline and diesel engines. Chilton's Repair & Tune-Up Guide Series. Radnor, PA, USA: Chilton Book Co. ISBN 0-8019-5907-1.
  • Mellon, Thomas A, ed. (2001). Mercedes: Coupes/Sedans/Wagons, 1974-84 Repair Manual. Chilton Total Car Care Series. Radnor, PA, USA: Chilton; Sparkford, UK: Haynes Publishing. ISBN 0-8019-9076-9.
  • Schauwecker, Steve; Haynes, John H. (1987). Mercedes-Benz 350 and 450: 1971 thru 1980 3.5 and 4.5 liter V8: 350 SL, 450 SE, 450 SEL, 450 SL, 450 SLC: series 107 and 116 models with fuel-injected V8 engines and automatic transmissions. Haynes Service and Repair Manual Series. Sparkford, UK: Haynes. ISBN 0856966983.
  • Mercedes S-Klasse, Serie 116, ab 1972: 280S/280SE/350SE/450SE/450/SEL. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 1042. (in German). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2012. ISBN 9783716817933.
  • Mercedes 280 S / 280 SE / 350 SE / 340 SE / 450 SEL bis Aug 79. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 267/268. (in German). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2013. ISBN 9783716813317.
  • Mercedes-Benz Technical Companion. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8376-1033-7.
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