From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Methylone ("Explosion", "Ease"), also known as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (MDMC, bk-MDMA), is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone chemical classes that acts as an entactogen, psychedelic, and stimulant. It is the β-keto analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA; "Ecstasy", "Adam", "Empathy", "Molly", "E", "X", "XTC").[1]
[edit] Explosion
At the end of 2004, a new designer drug called "Explosion" appeared in the Netherlands. This new drug is sold as a liquid via the internet and in Dutch "smartshops", stores selling non-scheduled psychoactive substances. The product is advertised as a "room odorizer" and is sold in plastic tubes containing 5 ml of liquid. The tubes cost between €10 and €15 ($13–$20) and do not present any information about the composition of Explosion; they contain only a label saying "Room odorizer Vanilla. Do not ingest" and "Keep away from children. Never use more than one bottle". In spite of this label, users mention that they ingest the liquid to reach the intended psychoactive effect.[2] The text was probably put onto the label to circumvent Dutch regulations for illicit drugs and psychoactive substances. Analysis of "Explosion" have demonstrated that the main ingredient of the liquid was methylone.
[edit] Effects
Reported dosages in clinical essays range from 150 to 200 mg orally and from 50–150 mg intravenously. The most remarkable effects are:
Endocrine:
Eye:
Psychological:
Skin:
- sweaty palms
- heavy sweating
Miscellaneous:
- restlessness
- chattering teeth
- gurning
Most of these effects are similar to other psychostimulants.
[edit] Resemblance to MDMA
MDMC resembles MDMA in its behavioural profile, as MDMC substitutes for MDMA in rats trained to discriminate MDMA from saline. MDMC does not substitute for amphetamine or for the hallucinogenic DOM in animals trained to discriminate between these drugs and saline.[3] Further, also in common with MDMA, MDMC acts on monoaminergic systems. In vitro, MDMC has one third the potency of MDMA at inhibiting platelet serotonin accumulation and about the same in its inhibiting effects on the dopamine and noradrenaline transporters.[4][5][1]
In spite of these behavioural and pharmacological similarities between MDMC and MDMA, the observed subjective effects of both drugs are not completely identical. Alexander Shulgin wrote of the former:
"[MDMC] has almost the same potency of MDMA, but it does not produce the same effects. It has an almost antidepressant action, pleasant and positive, but not the unique magic of MDMA."
Due to its stimulant and entactogen effects, MDMC is used recreationally. MDMC has also been investigated for medical purposes such as:
Its main contraindications are very similar to those of other stimulant drugs:
- Not for use in combination with stimulants (amphetamines, large doses of caffeine, etc).
- Not for use in combination with diuretics (alcohol).
- Not for use in individuals with high blood pressure, hypertension, or blood clotting disorders.
- Not for use in individuals who have displayed allergies to amphetamine drugs.
- Must never be used in combination with MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor) drugs.
[edit] Legal Status
In the Netherlands, MDMC is not yet scheduled as a drug of abuse, but is considered to be a psychoactive medicine. Because MDMC is not registered officially, as such, it is forbidden to trade in MDMC. The Minister of Health has asked the Coordination point Assessment and Monitoring new drugs group (CAM) to gather information about this substance, resulting possibly in an official risk assessment (van Amsterdam et al., 2004). Until now, no research has been conducted on the toxicity of MDMC, so nothing is known about the harmfulness of this new drug.
MDMC is not explicitly scheduled in the United States (U.S.), but possession may still result in prosecution under the Federal Analog Act as an MDMA analogue. In New Zealand, although MDMC is not explicitly scheduled and falls outside the strict definitions of an "amphetamine analogue" in the Misuse of Drugs Act, it is considered to be "substantially similar" to methcathinone and is thus considered by law enforcement authorities to be a Class C illegal drug.
MDMC is currently not specifically mentioned in United Kingdom (U.K.) law as the β-ketone is not covered under the Misuse of Drugs Act.
MDMC was sold in New Zealand for around 6 months from November 2005 to April 2006 as an MDMA substitute, under the name "Ease". The product was withdrawn after legal disputes with the government.[6][7]
In Sweden, MDMC is classed as a Harmful Substance since 2007, and with that sale and handling is restricted. The Harmful Substance Act (Förordning (1999:58) om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor) is put in place as a step towards classing something as a Narcotic, or as a substitute for that classification if it is deemed adequate enough. In Sweden the name in the books for the substance classified is 3,4-metylendioximetkatinon (Metylon).[8]
[edit] Metabolites
The two major metabolic pathways in mammals are N-demethylation to methylenedioxycathinone (MDC), and demethylation followed by O-methylation of the 3- or 4-hydroxy group to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethcathinone (HMMC) or 3-hydroxy-4-methoxymethcathinone (3-OH-4-MeO-MC). When 5 mg/kg of MDMC was administered to rats, it was found that around 26% was excreted as HMMC within the first 48 hours (less than 3% excreted unchanged).[9]
[edit] Etymology
While Alexander Shulgin assigned the name "methylone" to MDMC, and that name has become the standard nomenclature, it is a problematic name. The problem is that "methylone" is a trademarked brand name for an injectible form of methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid hormone used to treat arthritis and severe allergic reactions. Aside from context, they can be distinguished by the fact that the name will always be capitalized when referring to the prescription drug.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b NV Cozzi, MK Sievert, AT Shulgin, P Jacob III, AE Ruoho. Inhibition of plasma membrane monoamine transporters by β-ketoamphetamines. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 381, 63-69 (1999)
- ^ http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/methylone/methylone_info1.shtml
- ^ TA Dal Cason, R Young, RA Glennon. Cathinone: an investigation of several N-alkyl and methylenedioxy-substituted analogs. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 58, 1109–1116 (1997)
- ^ NV Cozzi, MK Sievert, AT Shulgin, P Jacob III, AE Ruoho. Methcathinone and 2 methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-one (methylone) selectively inhibit plasma membrane catecholamine reuptake transporters. Soc. Neurosci. Abs., 24, 341.8 (1998)
- ^ NV Cozzi, AT Shulgin, AE Ruoho. Methcathinone (MCAT) and 2-methylamino-1-(3,4 methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-one (MDMCAT) inhibit [3H]serotonin uptake into human platelets. Amer. Chem. Soc. Div. Med. Chem. Abs., 215, 152 (1998)
- ^ Party pill sparks official concern. One News. April 7, 2006
- ^ EASE trial terminated after conflicting advice. scoop.co.nz April 9, 2006
- ^ "http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/19990058.htm - Förordning (1999:58) om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor". http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/19990058.htm.
- ^ Xenobioica. HT Kamata, N Shima, K Zaitsu, T Kamata, A Miki, M Nishikawa, M Katagi, H Tsuchihashi. (2006). Metabolism of methylone in humans and rats. Volume 36, Number 8 / August 2006.
[edit] External links
|
Stimulants |
|
| Adamantanes |
|
|
| Arylcyclohexylamines |
|
|
| Benzazepines |
|
|
| Cholinergics |
|
|
| Convulsants |
|
|
| Eugeroics |
|
|
| Oxazolines |
|
|
| Phenethylamines |
2-Fluoroamphetamine • 2-OH-PEA • 2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane • 2-Phenyl-3-methylaminobutane • 2,3-MDA • 3-Fluoroamphetamine • 3-Methoxyamphetamine • 3-Methylamphetamine • 4-BMC • 4-Ethylamphetamine • 4-FA • 4-FMA • 4-MA • 4-MMA • 4-MTA • Alfetamine • α-Ethylphenethylamine • Amfecloral • Amfepentorex • Amidephrine • Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine, Levoamphetamine) • Amphetaminil • Arbutamine • Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) • β-Methylphenethylamine • Benfluorex • Benzphetamine • BDB (J) • BOH (Hydroxy-J) • BPAP • Buphedrone • Bupropion (Amfebutamone) • Butylone • Cathine • Cathinone • Chlorphentermine • Clenbuterol • Clobenzorex • Clortermine • Denopamine • Diethylcathinone (Diethylpropion, Amfepramone) • Dimethoxyamphetamine • Dimethylamphetamine • Dimethylcathinone (Dimethylpropion, Metamfepramone) • Dobutamine • DOPA (Dextrodopa, Levodopa) • Dopamine • Dopexamine • Droxidopa • EBDB (Ethyl-J) • Ephedrine • Epinephrine (Adrenaline) • Epinine (Deoxyepinephrine) • Etafedrine • Ethcathinone (Ethylpropion) • Ethylamphetamine (Etilamfetamine) • Ethylone • Etilefrine • Fenbutrazate • Fencamine • Fencamfamine • Fenethylline • Fenfluramine (Dexfenfluramine) • Fenproporex • Flephedrone • Fludorex • Furfenorex • Gepefrine • HMMA • Hordenine • Ibopamine • Indanorex • IMP • Indanylamphetamine • Isoetarine • Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol) • Lefetamine • Lisdexamfetamine • Lophophine (Homomyristicylamine) • Manifaxine • MBDB (Methyl-J; "Eden") • MDA (Tenamfetamine) • MDBU • MDEA ("Eve") • MDMA ("Ecstasy", "Adam") • MDMPEA (Homarylamine) • MDOH • MDPR • MDPEA (Homopiperonylamine) • Medifoxamine • Mefenorex • Mephedrone • Mephentermine • Metanephrine • Metaraminol • Methamphetamine (Desoxyephedrine, Methedrine; Dextromethamphetamine, Levomethamphetamine) • Methoxamine • Methoxyphenamine • MMA • Methcathinone (Methylpropion) • Methedrone • Methoxyphenamine • Methylone • MMDA • MMDMA • MMMA • Naphthylamphetamine • Nisoxetine • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) • Norfenefrine • Norfenfluramine • Normetanephrine • Octopamine • Orciprenaline • Ortetamine • Oxaflozane • Oxilofrine • Paredrine (Norpholedrine, Oxamphetamine, Mycadrine) • PBA • PCA • PHA • Pargyline • Phendimetrazine • Phenmetrazine • Phenpentermine • Phenpromethamine • Phentermine • Phenylalanine • Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine) • Phenylpropanolamine • Pholedrine • PIA • PMA • PMEA • PMMA • PPAP • Prenylamine • Propylamphetamine • Pseudoephedrine • Radafaxine • Ropinirole • Salbutamol (Albuterol; Levosalbutamol) • Selegiline (Deprenyl) • Sibutramine • Synephrine (Oxedrine) • Theodrenaline • Tiflorex (Flutiorex) • Tranylcypromine • Tyramine • Tyrosine • Xamoterol • Xylopropamine • Zylofuramine
|
|
| Piperazines |
|
|
| Piperidines |
|
|
| Pyrrolidines |
|
|
| Tropanes |
|
|
| Xanthines |
|
|
| Others |
|
|
| See also Sympathomimetic amines |
|
|
Hallucinogens |
|
Psychedelics
5-HT2AR Agonists |
Lysergamides: AL-LAD • ALD-52 • BU-LAD • CYP-LAD • Diallyllysergamide • DAM-57 • Ergonovine • ETH-LAD • LAE-32 • LSD • LPD-824 • LSM-775 • D-Lysergic acid N-(α-hydroxyethyl)amide • Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide • Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide • Methylergonovine • Methylisopropyllysergamide • MLD-41 • PARGY-LAD • PRO-LAD;
Phenethylamines: Aleph • 2C-B • 2C-B-FLY • 2CBFly-NBOMe • 2C-C • 2C-D • 2C-E • 2C-F • 2C-G • 2C-I • 2C-N • 2C-O • 2C-O-4 • 2C-P • 2C-T • 2C-T-2 • 2C-T-4 • 2C-T-7 • 2C-T-8 • 2C-T-9 • 2C-T-13 • 2C-T-15 • 2C-T-17 • 2C-T-21 • 2C-TFM • 2C-YN • 2CBCB-NBOMe • 25B-NBOMe • 25I-NBMD • 25I-NBOH • 25I-NBOMe • 3C-E • 3C-P • Br-DFLY • DESOXY • DMMDA-2 • DOB • DOC • DOEF • DOET • DOF • DOI • DOM • DON • DOPR • DOTFM • Escaline • Ganesha • HOT-2 • HOT-7 • HOT-17 • Isoproscaline • Jimscaline • Lophophine • MDA • MDEA • MDMA • MMDA • MMDA-2 • MMDA-3a • MMDMA • Macromerine • Mescaline • Methallylescaline • Myristicin • Proscaline • TCB-2 • TFMFly • TMA;
Piperazines: pFPP • TMFPP;
Tryptamines: 1-Methyl-5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine • 2,N,N-TMT • 4,N,N-TMT • 4-HO-5-MeO-DMT • 4-Acetoxy-DET • 4-Acetoxy-DIPT • 4-Acetoxy-DMT • 4-Acetoxy-DPT • 4-Acetoxy-MiPT • 4-HO-DPT • 4-HO-MET • 4-Propionyloxy-DMT • 4-Hydroxy-N-Methyl-(α,N-trimethylene)tryptamine • 5-Me-MIPT • 5-N,N-TMT • 5-AcO-DMT • 5-MeO-2,N,N-TMT • 5-MeO-4,N,N-TMT • 5-MeO-α,N,N-TMT • 5-MeO-α-ET • 5-MeO-α-MT • 5-MeO-DALT • 5-MeO-DET • 5-MeO-DIPT • 5-MeO-DMT • 5-MeO-DPT • 5-MeO-EiPT • 5-MeO-MET • 5-MeO-MIPT • 5-Methoxy-N-methyl-(α,N-trimethylene)tryptamine • 7,N,N-TMT • α,N,N-TMT • α-ET • α-MT • AL-37350A • Baeocystin • Bufotenin • DBT • DET • DIPT • DMT • DPT • EiPT • Ethocin • Ethocybin • Iprocin • MET • Miprocin • MIPT • Norbaeocystin • PiPT • Psilocin • Psilocybin;
Others: AL-38022A • Ibogaine • Noribogaine • Voacangine
|
|
Dissociatives
NMDAR Antagonists |
|
|
Deliriants
mAChR Antagonists |
|
|
Miscellaneous
Atypicals |
|
|
|
Adrenergics |
|
Receptor
Ligands |
|
|
Reuptake
Inhibitors |
|
|
Releasing
Agents |
Morpholines: Oxaflozane • Phendimetrazine • Phenmetrazine; Oxazolines: 4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR, 4-MAX) • Aminorex • Clominorex • Cyclazodone • Fenozolone • Fluminorex • Pemoline • Thozalinone; Phenethylamines (also Amphetamines, Cathinones, Phentermines, etc): 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine (2-OH-PEA) • 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) • 4-Methylmethamphetamine (4-MMA) • Alfetamine • Amfecloral • Amfepentorex • Amphetamine ( Dextroamphetamine, Levoamphetamine) • Amphetaminil • β-Methylphenethylamine (β-Me-PEA) • Benzodioxolylbutanamine (BDB) • Benzodioxolylhydroxybutanamine (BOH) • Benzphetamine • Buphedrone • Butylone • Cathine • Cathinone • Clobenzorex • Clortermine • Diethylcathinone (Diethylpropion, Amfepramone) • Dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA) • Dimethoxymethamphetamine (DMMA) • Dimethylamphetamine • Dimethylcathinone (Dimethylpropion, Metamfepramone) • Ephedrine (EPH) • Ethcathinone (Ethylpropion) • Ethylamphetamine • Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (EBDB) • Ethylone • Fenethylline • Fenproporex • Flephedrone • Fludorex • Furfenorex • Hordenine • Indanorex • Lisdexamfetamine • Lophophine (Homomyristicylamine) • Mefenorex • Mephedrone • Mephentermine • Methamphetamine (Desoxyephedrine, Methedrine; Dextromethamphetamine, Levomethamphetamine) • Methcathinone (Methylpropion) • Methedrone • Methoxymethylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA) • Methoxymethylenedioxymethamphetamine (MMDMA) • Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB) • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA; Tenamfetamine) • Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) • Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine (MDOH) • Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) • Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine (MDMPEA; Homarylamine) • Methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA; Homopiperonylamine) • Methylone • Ortetamine • Parabromoamphetamine (PBA) • Parachloroamphetamine (PCA) • Parafluoroamphetamine (PFA) • Parafluoromethamphetamine (PFMA) • Parahydroxyamphetamine (PHA) • Paraiodoamphetamine (PIA) • Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) • Paramethoxyethylamphetamine (PMEA) • Paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) • Paredrine (Norpholedrine, Oxamphetamine) • Phenethylamine (PEA) • Pholedrine • Phenpentermine • Phenpromethamine • Phentermine • Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) • Prenylamine • Propylamphetamine • Pseudoephedrine (PSE) • Tiflorex (Flutiorex) • Tyramine (TRA) • Xylopropamine • Zylofuramine; Piperazines: 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromobenzylpiperazine (2C-B-BZP) • Benzylpiperazine (BZP) • Methoxyphenylpiperazine (MeOPP; Paraperazine) • Methylbenzylpiperazine (MBZP) • Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBZP; Piperonylpiperazine) • Parafluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP; Fluoperazine); Others: 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (2-ADN) • 2-Aminoindane (2-AI) • 2-Aminotetralin (2-AT) • 2-Benzylpiperidine (2-BP) • 4-Benzylpiperidine (4-BP) • Clofenciclan • Cyclopentamine • Cypenamine • Cyprodenate • Feprosidnine • Gilutensin • Heptaminol • Hexacyclonate • Indanylaminopropane (IAP) • Isometheptene • Methylhexanamine • Naphthylaminopropane (NAP) • Octodrine • Phthalimidopropiophenone • Propylhexedrine (PHX) • Tuaminoheptane (Tuamine)
|
|
Enzyme
Inhibitors |
|
|
| Others |
|
|
|
Dopaminergics |
|
Receptor
Ligands |
|
|
Benzazepines: 6-Br-APB • Fenoldopam • SKF-38,393 • SKF-77,434 • SKF-81,297 • SKF-82,958 • SKF-83,959; Ergot-derivatives: Bromocriptine • Cabergoline • Dihydroergocryptine • Lisuride • LSD • Pergolide; Dihydrexidine-derivatives: 2-OH-NPA • A-86,929 • Dihydrexidine • Dinapsoline • Dinoxyline • Doxanthrine; Morphine-derivatives: Apomorphine • Propylnorapomorphine; Piperazines: ABT-724 • Aripiprazole • Piribedil • WAY-100,635; Others: 7-OH-DPAT • 8-OH-PBZI • A-68,930 • A-77,636 • A-412,997 • ABT-670 • Amantadine • Aplindore • CY-208,243 • Memantine • PD-128,907 • PF-219,061 • Pramipexole • Pukateine • Quinpirole • RDS-127 • Rimantadine • Ropinirole • Rotigotine • SKF-89145 • SKF-89626
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reuptake
Inhibitors |
|
|
Releasing
Agents |
Morpholines: Oxaflozane • Phendimetrazine • Phenmetrazine; Oxazolines: 4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR, 4-MAX) • Aminorex • Clominorex • Cyclazodone • Fenozolone • Fluminorex • Pemoline • Thozalinone; Phenethylamines (also Amphetamines, Cathinones, Phentermines, etc): 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine (2-OH-PEA) • 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) • 4-Methylmethamphetamine (4-MMA) • Alfetamine • Amfecloral • Amfepentorex • Amphetamine ( Dextroamphetamine, Levoamphetamine) • Amphetaminil • β-Methylphenethylamine (β-Me-PEA) • Benzodioxolylbutanamine (BDB) • Benzodioxolylhydroxybutanamine (BOH) • Benzphetamine • Buphedrone • Butylone • Cathine • Cathinone • Clobenzorex • Clortermine • Diethylcathinone (Diethylpropion, Amfepramone) • Dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA) • Dimethoxymethamphetamine (DMMA) • Dimethylamphetamine • Dimethylcathinone (Dimethylpropion, Metamfepramone) • Ethcathinone (Ethylpropion) • Ethylamphetamine • Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (EBDB) • Ethylone • Fenethylline • Fenproporex • Flephedrone • Fludorex • Furfenorex • Hordenine • Indanorex • Lophophine (Homomyristicylamine) • Mefenorex • Mephedrone • Methamphetamine (Desoxyephedrine, Methedrine; Dextromethamphetamine, Levomethamphetamine) • Methcathinone (Methylpropion) • Methedrone • Methoxymethylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA) • Methoxymethylenedioxymethamphetamine (MMDMA) • Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB) • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA; Tenamfetamine) • Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) • Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine (MDOH) • Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) • Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine (MDMPEA; Homarylamine) • Methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA; Homopiperonylamine) • Methylone • Ortetamine • Parabromoamphetamine (PBA) • Parachloroamphetamine (PCA) • Parafluoroamphetamine (PFA) • Parafluoromethamphetamine (PFMA) • Parahydroxyamphetamine (PHA) • Paraiodoamphetamine (PIA) • Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) • Paramethoxyethylamphetamine (PMEA) • Paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) • Paredrine (Norpholedrine, Oxamphetamine) • Phenethylamine (PEA) • Pholedrine • Phenpromethamine • Prenylamine • Propylamphetamine • Tiflorex (Flutiorex) • Tyramine (TRA) • Xylopropamine • Zylofuramine; Piperazines: 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromobenzylpiperazine (2C-B-BZP) • Benzylpiperazine (BZP) • Methoxyphenylpiperazine (MeOPP; Paraperazine) • Methylbenzylpiperazine (MBZP) • Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBZP; Piperonylpiperazine); Others: 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (2-ADN) • 2-Aminoindane (2-AI) • 2-Aminotetralin (2-AT) • 4-Benzylpiperidine (4-BP) • Clofenciclan • Cyclopentamine • Cypenamine • Cyprodenate • Feprosidnine • Gilutensin • Heptaminol • Hexacyclonate • Indanylaminopropane (IAP) • Isometheptene • Methylhexanamine • Naphthylaminopropane (NAP) • Octodrine • Phthalimidopropiophenone • Propylhexedrine (PHX) • Tuaminoheptane (Tuamine)
|
|
Enzyme
Inhibitors |
|
|
| Others |
|
|
|
Serotonergics |
|
Receptor
ligands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agonists: Lysergamides: Dihydroergotamine • Methysergide; Triptans: Almotriptan • Eletriptan • Frovatriptan • Naratriptan • Rizatriptan • Sumatriptan • Zolmitriptan; Tryptamines: 5-CT • 5-MT; Others: CP-135,807 • CP-286,601 • GR-46611 • L-694,247 • L-772,405 • PNU-109,291 • PNU-142,633
Antagonists: Lysergamides: Metergoline • Methiothepin; Tryptamines: Rauwolscine • Yohimbine; Others: Alniditan BRL-15572 • GR-127,935 • Ketanserin • LY-310,762 • LY-367,642 • LY-456,219 • LY-456,220 • Ritanserin • Ziprasidone
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agonists: Phenethylamines: 2C-B • 2C-E • 2C-I • 2C-T-2 • 2C-T-7 • 2C-T-21 • DOB • DOC • DOI • DOM • MDA • MDMA • Mescaline • Myristicin; Piperazines: Aripiprazole • mCPP • TFMPP; Tryptamines: 5-CT • 5-MeO-α-ET • 5-MeO-α-MT • 5-MeO-DET • 5-MeO-DiPT • 5-MeO-DMT • 5-MeO-DPT • 5-MT • α-ET • α-Methyl-5-HT • α-MT • Bufotenin • DET • DiPT • DMT • DPT • Psilocin • Psilocybin; Others: A-372,159 • AL-38022A • CP-809,101 • Lorcaserin • MK-212 • PNU-22394 • Ro60-0175 • Vabicaserin • WAY-629 • WAY-161,503 • YM-348
Antagonists: Atypical Antipsychotics: Clozapine • Iloperidone • Melperone • Olanzapine • Paliperidone • Pimozide • Quetiapine • Risperidone • Sertindole • Ziprasidone • Zotepine; Typical Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine • Loxapine • Pipamperone; Antidepressants: Agomelatine • Amitriptyline • Amoxapine • Etoperidone • Fluoxetine • Mianserin • Mirtazapine • Nefazodone • Nortriptyline • Trazodone; Others: Cinanserin • Cyproheptadine • Deramciclane • Dimebolin • Dotarizine • Eltoprazine • FR-260,010 • Ketanserin • Ketotifen • Methysergide • Pizotifen • Ritanserin • RS-102,221 • SB-200,646 • SB-206,553 • SB-221,284 • SB-228,357 • SB-242,084 • SB-243,213 • SDZ SER-082 • Xylamidine
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agonists: Lysergamides: Ergotamine • LSD
Antagonists: Methiothepin
* Note that the 5-HT5B receptor is not functional in humans.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reuptake
inhibitors |
|
|
Releasing
agents |
|
|
Enzyme
inhibitors |
|
|
| Others |
|
|
|
MDxx |
|
| Phenethylamines |
|
|
| Amphetamines |
2-Methyl-MDA • 3-Desoxy-MDA • 5-Methyl-MDA • DMMDA • DMMDA-2 • MADAM-6 • MDA (Tenamfetamine; "Hug Drug", "Love Drug", "Mellow Drug of America") • MDAL (MDAA) • MDBU (MDBA) • MDBZ (MDBZA) • MDCPM (MDCPMA, MDCA) • MDDM (MDDMA) • MDEA (MDE; "Eve") • MDIP (MDIPR, MDIPA) • MDMA (MDM; "Ecstasy", "Adam", "Empathy", "Molly", "E", "X", "XTC") • MDOH (MDH) • MDHOET (MDHET, MDHEA) • MDMEO (MDMEOA) • MDMEOET (MDMEOET, MDMEOEA, MDMEA) • MDMOH (MDMHO, MDMHA, MDMH; FLEA) • MDPR (MDPA) • MDPL (MDPLA) • MMDA • MMDMA
|
|
| Cathinones |
bk-MDA (MDC, MDCAT) • bk-MDEA (MDEC, MDECAT; Ethylone) • bk-MDMA (MDMC, MDMCAT; Methylone; "Explosion", "Ease")
|
|
| Phentermines |
|
|
| Butanamines |
|
|
| Pentylamines |
|
|
| Miscellaneous |
|
|
