Great Mosque of Córdoba

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The Mezquita (Spanish for "mosque") of Córdoba or Cordova is a Roman Catholic cathedral originally built as a mosque in the Andalusian city of Córdoba, Spain. The church that previously stood on this site was confiscated after the Muslim conquest for use as a mosque. It is not clear how much of the original church building remains; it was either replaced or greatly expanded until the building became the second-largest and one of the most renowned mosques in the world. It is regarded as perhaps the most accomplished monument of the Umayyad dynasty of Córdoba. After the Spanish Reconquista, it was returned to its original use as a church, with a Gothic cathedral inserted into the center of the large Moorish building. Today the entire building is used to house the Cathedral of the diocese of Córdoba in Spain.

Contents 1 History 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

[edit] History

The building was begun in approximately 600 A.D. as the Christian Visigothic church of St. Vincent.^[1] Some believe that the first Muslim Emir Abd ar-Rahman I "bought" the church ^[2] and reworked it over two centuries to refashion it as a mosque, starting in 784 A.D. Additionally, Abd ar-Rahman I used the mosque (originally called Aljama Mosque) as an adjunct to his palace and named it to honor his wife. According to some authors ^[3] the church of St. Vincent was demolished after it was bought from the local Christian community.

Several explanations have been proposed to explain the mosque's unorthodox orientation. Some have suggested the mihrab faces south because the foundations of the mosque were taken from the old Roman and Visigoth constructions. Others contend that Abd ar-Rahman oriented the mihrab southward as if he were still in the Ummayyad capital of Damascus and not in exile.

The mosque underwent numerous subsequent changes: Abd ar-Rahman III ordered a new minaret; Al-Hakam II, in 961, enlarged the building and enriched the mihrab. The last of the reforms was carried out by Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir in 987.

It was the most magnificent of the more than 1,000 mosques in the city and was at one time the second largest mosque in the Muslim world. It was connected to the Caliph's palace by a raised walk-way, mosques within the palaces being the tradition for the Islamic rulers of all times.

The city in which it was built was subject to frequent invasion and each conquering wave added their own mark to the architecture. The building is most notable for its giant arches, with over 1,000 columns of jasper, onyx, marble, and granite. These were made from pieces of the Roman temple which had occupied the site previously, as well as other destroyed Roman buildings. The double arches, pictured above, were a new introduction to architecture, and helped support the tremendous weight of the higher ceilings. The double arches consist of a lower horseshoe arch and an upper semi-circular arch. The Mezquita also features richly gilded prayer niches. A centrally located honey-combed dome has beautiful blue tiles decorated with stars. The mihrab is a masterpiece of architectural art, with geometric and flowing designs of plants. The Mezquita reached its current dimensions in 987 A.D. with the completion of the outer naves and orange tree courtyard.

In 1236, Córdoba was recaptured from the Muslim army by King Ferdinand III of Castile and the mosque was reconsecrated as a Christian church. Alfonso X oversaw the construction of the Villaviciosa Chapel and the Royal Chapel within the mosque. The kings who followed added further Christian features: Enrique II rebuilt the chapel in the 14th century.

The most significant alteration was building a Renaissance cathedral nave in the middle of the structure. It was constructed by permission of Charles V, king of united Spain. Its reversion to a Christian church (officially the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin) may have helped to preserve it when the Spanish Inquisition was most active.^{[citation needed]}

Artisans and architects continued to add to the existing structure until the late 18th century.

[edit] Gallery

• Photographs of the Mezquita architecture.

mihrab	inside of dome		Guadalquivir river & mosque
Patio de los Naranjos

[edit] See also

• Umayyad Mosque of Damascus
• Islamic architecture
• Islamic art
• List of mosques
• Timeline of Islamic history

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mezquita de Córdoba

• Mezquita (Great Mosque) of Córdoba
• Córdoba 3D
• Córdoba Mezquita - Mosque
• The Great Mosque of Córdoba
• La Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba
• Mezquita (Great Mosque) of Córdoba at Google Maps
• Photos of the Mezquita
• Mezquita-Catedral eGuide

Coordinates: 37°52′45.1″N 04°46′47″W / 37.879194°N 4.77972°W / 37.879194; -4.77972