Military history of Argentina
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| History of Argentina | |
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 This article is part of a series |
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| Pre-Columbian | |
| Indigenous peoples | |
| Spanish Empire | |
| Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata | |
| British invasions | |
| Independence | |
| May Revolution | |
| War of Independence | |
| Congress of Tucumán | |
| Building a nation | |
| 1853 Constitution | |
| Conquest of the Desert | |
| Generation of '80 | |
| Immigration | |
| The Radicals in Power (1916-1930) | |
| The Infamous Decade | |
| Age of the Peróns | |
| Juan Perón | |
| Eva Perón | |
| Eva Perón Foundation | |
| Partido Feminista | |
| Evita Perón's European Rainbow Tour | |
| General Confederation of Labour | |
| Argentina from 1955 to 1976 | |
| Revolución Libertadora | |
| Revolución Argentina | |
| Military government | |
| Dirty War | |
| Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas) |
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| Democracy and Crisis | |
| Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo | |
| Trial of the Juntas | |
| Carapintadas | |
| The Argentinazo | |
| Present day Argentina | |
| History by topic | |
| Military | |
| Nationality | |
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Argentina Portal |
[edit] Pre-Independence
- June 1806: 1st British Invasion of the Rio del la Plata. A British force of 1,500 men under Colonel William Carr Beresford landed near Buenos Aires and occupied the city on June 27, but was defeated by the colonial militia and forced to surrender in August 12 1806.
- May 1807: 2nd British Invasion of the Rio de la Plata. Lieutenant-General John Whitelocke arrived to take overall command and attacked Buenos Aires on July 5. After having more than half his forces killed and captured, Whitelocke signed a cease-fire and left for Great Britain, where he was court-martialed and cashiered.
- May 25, 1810: May Revolution. After the capture of Spanish King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon Bonaparte, the viceroyalty power was under question and the citizens of Buenos Aires formed the first local government.
[edit] Independence and nineteenth century
- 1810-1818 Argentine War of Independence. The battles fought against the royal Spanish army, still loyal to its overthrown King Ferdinand VII. The first Argentine army was created by the First Junta (Primera Junta) and commanded by Manuel Belgrano and Antonio González Balcarce. Then José de San Martín and José Rondeau replaced them.
- February 3, 1813: Battle of San Lorenzo. This marks the creation of the Granaderos regiment by general José de San Martín. This body was professional and disciplined and the battle of San Lorenzo begins the path to victory and independence for Argentina, Chile and Perú.
- 1825–1828: Argentina-Brazil War over the control of Uruguay (the Banda Oriental), ending with the independence of Uruguay.
- 1833: The United Kingdom sent a naval task force to the Falkland Islands to request that Argentine forces leave the islands. Settlers on the islands were not expelled, the British encouraging the continuation of Luis Vernet's colony on East Falkland. See Re-establishment of British rule on the Falklands (1833)
- November 20, 1845: Battle of Obligado. Combined forces from the United Kingdom and France seized control of the Paraná River in order to establish trade relationships with Paraguayan ports blocked by Argentina. The Argentine Confederation's army, commanded by general Lucio Mansilla, expelled the invaders causing severe damage to the 11 warships by shooting from both river's shores, at the cost of 250 Argentinians killed and 400 wounded. Although the invading troops took less casualties (26 killed, 86 wounded), they decided to leave in order to preserve the remaining ships.[citation needed] It was the last attempt on Argentine rivers by the UK royal navy.
- 1864-1870: War of the Triple Alliance; Argentina, the Brazilian Empire and the puppet government[citation needed] of Uruguay invades and routs the militaristic Paraguay of López, after the strategic Rio Grande Do Sul in Southern Brazil is invaded.
- 1870's Conquest of the Desert
- 1896: First conscription (Servicio Militar Obligatorio). 20-year-old men are drafted by a decree of President José Evaristo Uriburu, foreseeing a territorial conflict with Chile. [1]
[edit] Twentieth century
- 1914–1919: Argentina remains neutral during World War I by orders of president Hipólito Yrigoyen.
- 1921: The Argentine Army is used to eliminate strikers in Santa Cruz Province. Lt. Col. Varela commands the operation. Between 1,500 and 3,000 workers are executed.
- 1939–1945: World War II. The civilian government was considering joining the allies, but many officers of the Argentine armed forces (and ordinary Argentine citizens) objected due to fear of the spread of communism. This was a factor contributing to the military coup of 1943. Pedro Pablo Ramírez Machuca, who had been attached to the Kaiser's army and later Mussolini's in the twenties, became dictator. In 1944 he was replaced by Edelmiro Farrell, who had spent two years attached to Mussolini's army. The government maintained a neutral policy but towards the end of the war, Farrell decided it was in the interests of Argentina to be attached to the winning side. Like several Latin American states, Argentina made a late declaration of war against Germany with no intention of providing any military forces.
- 1976-1983: The Dirty War
- 1978: After Argentine repudiation of the obligatory Beagle Channel Arbitration between the Republic of Argentina and the Republic of Chile to settle the territorial dispute with Chile concerning the Beagle Channel, infamous general Jorge Rafael Videla moved troops to the Andes mountains. The Argentine Operation Soberania to invade the islands was stopped with mediation from the Holy See just in time. The conflict lasted, over the Falkands War, up to 1984.
- 1982: Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas). The Argentine Armed Forces invaded the Falkland Islands. In a six-week war 255 British and 649 Argentines are killed.
- 1990s: Argentina became greatly involved in United Nations peacekeeping missions around the world.
- 1991: Argentine Navy ships and Air Force transports participate in the UN 1991 Gulf War
- 1993: Argentina joins UNFICYP mission at Cyprus. As of 2006, ground troops and helicopters are serving there and since 1999 have other latin american countries' troops embedded.
- 1995: End of the compulsory conscription regime caused by the murder of the young conscript Carrasco. Decree 1537 of 29 August, signed by President Carlos Menem, establishes a Regime for Personnel of Professional Soldiers. People 18–24 years of age can voluntarily enter the Armed Forces, signing a compromise, and receive a course. Law 24429 ("Law of Voluntary Military Service"), is passed by Congress on 14 December 1994. [2]
- Current: Participation in UN peacekeeping missions continues (particularly in Cyprus and Haiti), as well as regional integration efforts with Brazil and Chile.
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