Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad

Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad
Katy system as of 1918; many of the outlying lines left the system in the 1923 reorganization
Reporting mark	MKT
Locale	Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas
Dates of operation	1870–1988
Successor	Union Pacific
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge)
Headquarters	Dallas, Texas

The Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad (reporting mark MKT) was incorporated May 23, 1870. In its earliest days the MKT was commonly referred to as "the K-T", which was its stock exchange symbol; this common designation soon evolved into "the Katy".

The Katy was the first railroad to enter Texas from the north. Eventually the Katy's core system would grow to link Parsons, Junction City, Olathe, and Kansas City, Kansas; Kansas City, Joplin, Jefferson City, and St. Louis, Missouri; Tulsa and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Dallas, Fort Worth, Waco, Temple, Austin, San Antonio, Houston, and Galveston, Texas. An additional mainline between Fort Worth and Salina, Kansas, was added in the 1980s after the collapse of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad; this line was operated as the Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad (OKKT).

At the end of 1970 MKT operated 2623 miles of road and 3765 miles of track.

History

An 1881 advertisement for the line

When it incorporated in May 1870, the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad immediately acquired the Union Pacific Railway, Southern Branch and its 182 miles (293 km) of track. The Union Pacific Railway was, for a period of several years in the late 19th century the official name of the Union Pacific Railroad, which later acquired MKT as part of the Missouri Pacific Railroad. The Union Pacific Railway, Southern Branch had begun operations in 1865.

At the time of 1870 incorporation, consolidations were also made with the Labette & Sedalia Railway Co. and the Neosho Valley & Holden Railway Co. At this time MKT also acquired the Tebo & Nosho Railroad Co., the St. Louis & Santa Fe Railroad Co., and the Hannibal & Central Missouri Railroad Co. Combined with the Union Pacific Railway, Southern Branch, these small, newly built railroads formed the foundation on which the Katy would build.

Congress had passed acts promising land grants to the first railroad to reach the Kansas border via the Neosho Valley. The Katy portion of the former Union Pacific Railway, Southern Branch was in a heated competition for the prize. On June 6, 1870, Katy workers laid the first rails across the Kansas border, winning the race. Congress' promised land grants were never made, as the courts overturned the grants because the land was in Indian Territory and was the property of the Indian tribes.

The Katy continued its push southward, laying track and acquiring other small railroads, extending its reach to Dallas in 1886, Waco in 1888, Houston in April 1893 and to San Antonio in 1901.

Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad bridge over Red River (postcard, circa 1911)

Revenue freight traffic, in millions of net ton-miles

Year	Traffic
1925	3317
1933	1827
1944	7256
1960	3980
1970	4999

Source:ICC annual reports

When the Katy railroad reached Houston, its joint ownership of the Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad gave it immediate access to the Port of Galveston and its ocean-going shipping on the Gulf of Mexico.

In 1896, as a publicity stunt set up by William George Crush, the Katy crashed two locomotives, pulling loaded trains, at a site that came to be known thereafter as Crush, Texas. The collision occurred before more than 40,000 spectators, three of whom died (and several were injured) by debris from the exploding boilers. The ragtime composer and pianist Scott Joplin, who was performing in the area at the time, commemorated the event in his song, "The Great Crush Collision March" (which he dedicated to the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railway).

In 1911, the MK&T purchased railroad lines held by the industrialist Joseph A. Kemp of Wichita Falls, Texas. These included the Wichita Falls Railway, an 18-mile line between Wichita Falls and Henrietta in Clay County, Texas, the Wichita Falls and Northwest Railway Company of Texas, and the Wichita Falls and Wellington, which provided service into Wellington in Collingsworth County, Texas. Kemp's brother-in-law, Frank Kell, was a partner in some of these lines, including the Wichita Falls and Southern Railroad, which remained a Kemp-Kell property until it was abandoned in 1954.In 1923, the Katy acquired another Kemp/Kell property, the Wichita Falls and Northwestern Railway, which extended from Wichita Falls to Forgan in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The route to Forgan was abandoned in 1973, and Altus, Oklahoma, became the northern terminus of the railroad. The remaining 77-mile link between Wichita Falls and Altus was absorbed in 1991 by the Wichita, Tillman and Jackson Railway. The Katy acquired the Beaver, Mead and Englewood Railroad in 1931

From 1915 until January 4, 1959, the Katy, in a joint venture with the St. Louis – San Francisco Railway (popularly known as the Frisco), operated the Texas Special from St. Louis to Dallas, Ft. Worth, and San Antonio. It sported rail cars with names including Sam Houston, Stephen F. Austin, David Crockett, and James Bowie after prominent men of the state.

MKT #1006, a Baldwin DS-4-4-1000, on display in Parsons, Kansas.

In 1988 the Missouri Pacific Railroad (MoPac) and the MoPac's owner, the Union Pacific, purchased the Katy with approval by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The merging and restructuring of railroads during the 1980s had cost the Katy much overhead traffic, and it had been seeking a merger partner.^{[citation needed]} On December 1, 1989 the Katy was merged into the MoPac, and the MKT is now part of the Union Pacific Railroad system.

In the "rails to trails" program, much of the Missouri track line has been adapted for use as the Katy Trail State Park, a Missouri State Park, which runs along the Missouri River for part of its route. In downtown Dallas, a 3.5-mile (6 km) long section, also called the Katy Trail, is being converted into a multi-use trail linking White Rock Lake to the American Airlines Center.

In 1997 the segment linking Katy to downtown Houston was abandoned, and stripped of rails soon after. The section between Katy and Interstate 610 was purchased by TxDOT in 1998 for the expansion of Katy Freeway. The line that went into Houston was purchased by the City of Houston's Parks and Recreation Department. In 2009 it was adapted and paved as the Heights Bike Trail.

As part of a new heritage program, in July 2005 Union Pacific unveiled a new EMD SD70ACe locomotive, Union Pacific 1988, painted in MKT colors.

The Katy Limited circa 1910.

The Katy Flyer in 1911.

Passenger trains

The Katy operated the following named passenger trains:

• Train numbers 1 and 2: The Texas Special:
  • St. Louis, Missouri - San Antonio, Texas (March 4, 1917 – 1959) jointly with the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway), then
  • Kansas City-San Antonio (1959-July 26, 1964), then
  • Kansas City-Dallas (July 27, 1964 to June 30, 1965)
• Train numbers 3 and 4: Katy Limited
• Train numbers 5 and 6: Katy Flyer
• Train numbers 7 and 8: Bluebonnet

Herald

Paint schemes

• 1870–1880s, Early steam locomotives were dark maroon, with large oval medallion on the side and back of the tenders, with a field of Chinese vermillion and the letters M. K. & T. R. W. inside the oval and on the side of the crew cab, a one and one-half inch gold line on the outer edge, and the number of the engine in the center of field in gold, black shaded and split on the rear of the tender. All passenger engines were finished with gold lettering and striping. Rolling stock used colors common in those days, i.e. boxcar brown, caboose red, etc.
• 1880s–1900s, Steam locomotive livery was simplified after the Jay Gould gained control of the railroad. Gould instructed shop personnel to paint all engines black and place the railroad initials M. K. & T. in about 12 inch letters on the side of the tender tank bordered by half inch striping. The engine number was placed on side of the crew cab, side of the sand dome, coping of the tender and back of tender. Rolling stock used colors common in those days, i.e. boxcar brown, caboose red, etc.
• 1900s–1923, Steam locomotive livery was simplified to overall shiny black, dark graphite smokebox, smokebox door and stack. The color of all lettering and numbers was changed to white. The road name, M. K. &. T. was moved to the side of the crew cab, along with the engine number. The engine number was painted on the side of the tenders in large numerals and on the rear in smaller numerals; the number remained on the sand dome. Rolling stock used colors common in those days, i.e. boxcar brown, caboose red, etc.
• 1928–1947 Steam locomotives were shiny black with the MKT herald on their tenders. Rolling stock used colors common in those days, i.e. boxcar brown, caboose red, etc.
• 1947–1957, Diesels were bright red with silver side panels and cream yellow on top of the nose hoods. Passenger cars were painted to match. Boxcars, cabooses, and other rolling stock were frequently painted Sloan Yellow (named for MKT President Matthew S. Sloan).
• 1957–1965, Diesels were painted an orange-red with yellow MKT and road numbers. The herald was changed to read simply "Katy" in red letters on a gold background. The text and herald were outlined in black.
• 1965–1971, The Katy returned to a bright red paint, perhaps deeper than that used 1947-1957. They also returned to the original herald.
• 1971–1988, Diesel locomotives, cabooses, and other rolling stock were painted green with yellow stripes, lettering and numbering. The first Katy locomotive painted into this scheme was GP7 #123.

In its final years, the Katy acquired several locomotives second-hand which, due to its impending acquisition by Union Pacific, were not painted into the standard green and yellow scheme. MKT acquired 18 GP40s from Conrail in late 1983 that were numbered 231-248.

A set of nine GP39-2s were acquired from Kennecott Copper Corporation in late 1984. Ex KCC #779-783, 785, and 787-789 were renumbered MKT #380-388.

In 1985, three additional GP38s were purchased from Conrail that were numbered 322-324 and finally, 19 GP38ACs were purchased from Illinois Central Gulf and numbered 325-343. The changes in MKT's red paint were most likely due to problems with fading in the intense Texas sun. This may also have been the reason to change to green in 1970.

Company officers

Presidents of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad:

• Judge Levi Parsons, prior to 1878.
• Charles E. Schaff, 1923–1926.
• Charles N. Whitehead, 1926.
• Columbus Haile, 1927–1930.
• Michael H. Cahill, 1930–1934.
• Matthew S. Sloan, 1934–1945.
• Donald V. Fraser, 1945–1956.
• William N. Deramus III, 1957–1961.
• Charles T. Williams, 1961–1965.
• John W. Barriger III, 1965–1970.
• Reginald N. Whitman, 1970–1975.
• Harold L. Gastler, 1975–1988.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

In popular culture

• The Houston suburb of Katy, Texas, takes its name from the railroad's nickname. Named after this town is the "Katy Freeway," which comprises the length of Interstate 10 between Katy and downtown Houston. The highway was originally built paralleling the MKT tracks west of Interstate 610, but with the abandonment of that portion of the rail line, the highway has been widened onto the former MKT right-of-way.
• An early blues song, "Bad luck blues" by Blind Lemon Jefferson, mentions the railroad:

Sugar, you catch the Katy, I'll catch that Santa Fe,

doggone my bad luck soul,

Sugar, you catch that Katy and I'll catch that Santa Fe;

I mean the Santy, speakin' about Fe,

When you get in Denver, pretty mama, look around for me.

• Another blues song, "She Caught the Katy", written by Taj Mahal and Yank Rachell, refers to the railroad.
  • The song was prominently featured in the 1980 movie The Blues Brothers
• President Dwight D. Eisenhower's father (David Jacob Eisenhower) was an MKT employee working in Denison, Texas at the time of Ike's birth.^{[citation needed]}
• Numerous model railroad manufacturers produce MKT locomotives and rolling stock.
• The MKT appealed a US$25 penalty all the way to the United States Supreme Court in the case Missouri, Kansas, & Texas Railway Company of Texas v. Clay May; and lost.

See also

• Dalton Gang Train Robbery

References

Bibliography

• Katy Railroad Historical Society, M-K-T / Katy Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved February 22, 2005.
• Museum of the American Railroad, A Brief History of Railroads in Dallas. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
• Katy Railroad Historical Society, Katy Railroad Passenger Service. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
• Kendrick, John William (1917). A Report Upon the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway System. Chicago. Retrieved 2009-05-27. 
• "The Opening of the Great Southwest: A Brief History of the Origin and Development of the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad Better Known as The Katy" - Published: May 1970 by the M-K-T R.R. Co.

External links

• Katy Railroad Historical Society - Lots of info.
• Map of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway, published 1877, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
• The "M" in the MKT - A detailed history of the MKT in Missouri.
• MKT locomotive roster at edisaurus.com.
• FallenFlags.org's Katy page with links to hundreds of photos of MKT locomotives and a humorous story about a Conrail locomotive leased by the Katy.
• Texas Special car restoration at the Houston Railroad Museum.
• Construction and Mergers that Formed M-K-T
• Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory