Mohamed Nasheed

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Mohamed Nasheed
މުޙައްމަދު ނަޝީދު
President of the Maldives
In office
11 November 2008 – 7 February 2012
Vice President Mohammed Waheed Hassan
Preceded by Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
Succeeded by Mohammed Waheed Hassan
Personal details
Born 17 May 1967 (1967-05-17) (age 44)
Malé, Maldives
Political party Maldivian Democratic Party
Spouse(s) Laila Ali Abdulla
Children Meera Laila Nasheed
Zaaya Laila Nasheed
Alma mater Liverpool John Moores University
Religion Islam

Mohamed Nasheed (Dhivehi: މުހައްމަދު ނަޝީދު) (born 17 May 1967) is a Maldivian politician and the founder of the Maldivian Democratic Party, who served as the 4th President of the Maldives from 2008 to 2012. He was a presidential candidate in the October 2008 election in which he defeated long-time President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom in the second round. He was sworn in as President on 11 November 2008. He resigned on 7 February 2012, following weeks of public protests. Nasheed has stated that these protesters had joined with "powerful networks of regime loyalists" (referring specifically to the former administration of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom rather than his own régime) to force his resignation in a coup d'etat,[1] explicitly stating that he was forced to resign "at gunpoint" by police and army officers.[2].

Contents

[edit] Education

Nasheed attended Majeediyya School in the Maldives, between 1971 and 1981. He continued his secondary school education overseas at the Overseas School of Colombo, from 1981 to 1982 until he completed his GCE Ordinary Level Certificate. In August 1982 he moved to the United Kingdom where he completed his Higher Secondary Education at the Dauntsey's School in Wiltshire. Straight after his A-Levels, Nasheed moved north to Liverpool where he spent the next three years reading for a Bachelor of Arts in Maritime Studies at Liverpool Polytechnic - later Liverpool John Moores University, graduating in 1989.

[edit] Imprisonment

Nasheed was held in prison for an article in the political magazine Sangu, published in 1990, in which he alleged the Maldivian government had rigged the 1989 general election. Because of his imprisonment, he was made an Amnesty International prisoner of conscience in 1991.

After being held in solitary confinement and reportedly tortured, he was accused of withholding information about a bombing plot. On 8 April 1992, he was sentenced to three years in prison on that charge.[3] He was released in June 1993, then re-arrested in 1994 and 1995. In 1996 he was sentenced to two years imprisonment for an article he had written about the 1993 and 1994 Maldivian elections.[4]

[edit] Political career

In 2000, he was elected as a member of the parliament representing Malé. Six months later, in 2001 he was tried and sentenced to two and half years banishment for the theft of unspecified government property from H. Velaanaage – the former residence of former president Ibrahim Nasir. Though supporters of Nasheed believe that it was a fabricated charge against him motivated by political desires, former attorney general Dr Munavvar claimed what was stolen was the main door key and other keys of Velaanaage building and later using the keys he had taken some old documents from the building in which there was some details of the illegally taken government funds by former president Nasir. Nasheed himself agreed he acquired the said documents. However he didn't reveal how he got the documents. This was later proved to be so, when Dhivehiobserver (of Ahmed Shafeeq Ibrahim Moosa) published a leaked letter, sent by then Minister of Construction and Public Works Umar Zahir to the former Minister of Defence (later the High Commissioner to Delhi) Anbaree Abdul Sattar. The letter, dated on 31 October 2001, was published on the website on 10 October 2005. According to this letter, Nasheed did take some files from the residence which were about to be destroyed as they were of no value to the government. According to Umar Zahir there was no restricted area for the public in the residence. In his letter Umar Zahir stated "Later that day I did check the storage place from which Mohamed Nasheed apparently took that material. Those things have now been burned by Mohamed Nasheed."

[edit] Maldivian Democratic party

In November 2003, Nasheed left the Maldives and joined Mohamed Latheef to help establish the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP), in exile, in Sri Lanka and the UK. He was recognised as a political refugee by the British government in 2004. After about 18 months in self-proclaimed exile, Nasheed returned to Malé on 30 April 2005.

After returning to the Maldives he began promoting the MDP before it was officially recognised by the Government. With the decision to allow political parties in the Maldives, on 2 June 2005 and the official recognition of the MDP's existence, Nasheed accelerated his support campaigns for the party. He made several trips to the Atolls, and neighbouring countries on behalf of the party.

On 12 August 2005, Nasheed was arrested again when he was sitting in the center of the Republican Square, with supporters of MDP, to mark the second anniversary of the Black Friday. His arrest provoked civil unrest in Malé and some other Atolls. After his arrest, acting Government Spokesman Mohamed Hussain Shareef told reporters that Nasheed had been detained for "his own safety." However, on 22 August 2005, the state announced that Nasheed was to be charged with terrorism under the Terrorism Act. He then ran for election in 2008 and won.

[edit] 2008 presidential election

Main article: Maldivian presidential election, 2008

In 2005, Nasheed vowed that if president Gayoom secured more than 2000 votes he would quit his political career. In 2008, Nasheed stood as the MDP Itthihaad's candidate together with Mohammed Waheed Hassan as the Vice Presidential Candidate in the October 2008 presidential election; this was the first time the country had held a multiparty presidential election by popular vote. In the first round, Nasheed and Dr. Waheed placed second with 44,293 votes (24.91%), placing second behind President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom of the governing Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (DRP), who received 71,731 votes (40.34%).

In the Second Round of elections, President Nasheed's MDP, created a coalition with Dr. Hassan Saeed (Gaumee Party), Gasim Ibrahim (Jumhoory Party), Sheih Hussain Rasheed (Adhaalath Party, Islamic Party), Ibrahim Ismail (Social Democratic Party) and Mohamed Waheed Hassan Manik (Gaumee Ithihaad).

In the second round, Nasheed and Dr. Waheed were backed by the unsuccessful first round candidates (Watan Edey Coalition) and won 54.25% of the vote against 45.75% for Gayoom.

Following the election, Nasheed and Dr. Waheed were sworn in as the President and Vice President of the Maldives on 11 November 2008[5] in a special session of the People's Majlis at Dharubaaruge.[6][7]

[edit] Presidency

Further information: Cabinet of the Maldives

[edit] Cabinet

President Mohamed Nasheed's 1st cabinet included 14 Ministers. The posts where handed to politicians from the coalition with respect to the contribution to the "Watan Edhey" Coalition. As per the coalition agreement, President Nasheed created the first ever Islamic Ministry in the Maldives, with a cabinet post representing it.

Within 4 months after his first cabinet was formed, President of Jumhoory Party, Mr. Qasim Ibrahim resigned [8] as home minister citing lack of transparency, this was followed by the President of Gaumee Party, Dr. Hassan Saeed [9], Civil Aviation Minister Dr. Mohamed Jameel Ahmed, and Attorney General Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed. The Next appointment for the attorney General, Mr. Husnu Suood also resigned, followed by Finance Minister Mohamed Inaz.

Current Home Minister, Dr. Mohamed Jameel Ahmed and Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed also known as former Secretary General of SAARC, resigned [10] citing that Mohamed Nasheed was going in the same route as Maumoon Abdul Gayoom. Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed resigned as SAARC Secretary General on 16 Feb 2012, to protest against the Military detention of Judge Abdulla Mohamed.

After the en-mass resignation of the cabinet in June 2010 Crisis, Later the remaining main party in the Coalition, Adhaalath Party (Islamic Party) cut ties with the ruling MDP [11], citing religious matters. In the end of the 1st year of the presidency, President Nasheed's cabinet contained only Ministers from the Ruling Party, MDP and members defected from the coalition political parties.

His cabinet also holds the notable distinction of having the world's first underwater cabinet meeting, which was held to highlight the danger of global warming and climate change in 2009,[12] shortly after the United Nations' General Assembly's Opening Session where small island states like the Maldives called for a concerted effort to tackle the phenemenon.

[edit] Policies

With regard to the threat posed to the very low-lying islands by changes in sea level caused by global warming, in March 2009, Nasheed pledged to set an example by making the Maldives carbon-neutral within a decade by moving to wind and solar power. He argued that the cost of the change would be no higher than what the Maldives already spends on energy.[13] As part of a wider campaign by international environmental NGO 350.org's campaign publicising the threats of climate change and its effects on the Maldives, Nasheed presided over the world’s first underwater cabinet meeting on 17 Oct. 2009, off the island of Girifushi with the meeting participants underwater in Scuba diving gear.[14][15][16][17][18] Nasheed presided over the foundation of the Climate Vulnerable Forum.

[edit] June 2010 crisis

On 29 June 2010, Nasheed's 13 cabinet ministers resigned en masse, protesting the behaviour of opposition MPs who they said were “hijacking” the powers of the executive and making it impossible for the cabinet Ministers to discharge their constitutional duties and deliver the government’s election manifesto.[19] The ministers called on the President to investigate why certain MPs were blocking the government's work, citing allegations of corruption and bribery in parliament.

On 29 June, Maldives' Police Service arrested two parliamentarians, Abdulla Yameen, leader of the People’s Alliance party and Gayoom’s half brother, and Gasim Ibrahim, head of the Jumhooree Party, on suspicion of bribing fellow parliamentarians to vote against the government. The police at that time said they were investigating the two MPs for corruption, along with a third MP, Mohamed Mustapha, of the ruling MDP. However, the Supreme Court of the Maldives ruled that the arrest of both Abdulla Yameen and Gasim Ibrahim was unconstitutional.

On 7 July, President Nasheed reappointed all thirteen Ministers of the Cabinet, at a ceremony held at the President’s Office in Male'. Speaking at a press conference held shortly after presenting the Ministers with their letters of appointment, President Nasheed said his government would “work towards fulfilling its pledges to the people.” The President noted that the government has investigated the reasons why cabinet members felt they had to resign and the police have taken appropriate action. The President reiterated that only a small number of MPs are implicated in alleged corruption. “The reputation of the People’s Majlis should not be tarnished because of corruption allegations against a few parliamentarians,” the President said.[20]

After the re-installation of the cabinet on 7 July, the cabinet was sent to the parliament for endorsement.

On 22 November, the parliament voted and declared that only 5 out of the 12 appointees would be accepted. They also called for the rejected ministers to step down immediately.[21][22] This resulted in heated arguments between ruling party MDP and opposing DRP, who holds majority seats in parliament. The parliament ruled that the rejected appointees would not be considered as ministers, and refused to allow Finance minister, Ali Hashim present the 2011 state budget for parliament approval.[23] Members of MDP responded to this by declaring that neither parliament or supreme court had rights to dismiss ministers and threatened high members of the parliament.[24]

On 10 December 2010, the Supreme Court of Maldives ruled that the ministers not endorsed by the parliament cannot remain in their posts; and requested their immediate resignation from office.[22][25]

On 13 December 2010, President Nasheed appointed 2 new ministers and acting ministers for 4 more offices. He also reappointed the rejected Attorney General, Dr. Sawad.[26]

[edit] Resignation

In less than a year into the presidency the cabinet members representing the political parties in the coalition started resigning stating lack of governance with respect to the constitution and transparency. The last Major Party to server its ties to the ruling party was Adhaalath Party (Islamic Party) [27]. Protests became a frequent occurrence in the streets of the capital city, Male' after the president’s coalition slowly dissolved.

An opposition alliance (Madhanee Ithihaad) was formed on December 2011, which also included the parties that supported the President in his 2008 presidential race. Those parties include, Gaumee Party, Jumhoory Party and Adhaalath Party(Islamic Party). On 23rd December, the capital city was rocked by protests by the opposition against the President Mohamed Nasheed [28]. In relation to the protests Dr. Mohamed Jameel Ahmed was summoned twice by the Maldives Police Service, later held in arrest in a nearby island (Gaamaadhoo Jail) [29]. This arrest sparked violent protests near the Republic Square.

The Judge of the criminal court investigating the arrest, called to summon both parties to the court. Instead, the next opening day (16 January 2012) Chief Justice Abdulla Mohamed was arrested from his house, by the Military (Maldives National Defense Force) [30] [31]

After the government and the Military did not disclose any information to the public, the protests started gaining momentum, and demands were for an immediate release of the Chief justice from military detention to house arrest. They also called for an independent investigation into the Judge and to arrest him according to the constitution and for the president to stop using executive power over another institution. [32] [33].The call was echoed through the Human Rights Commission of the Maldives.[34], Judicial Services Commission[35], Prosecutor General’s Office [36], International Commission of Jurists[37] and The United Nations Human Rights Commissioner [38].

The protest extended for over 22 days in the Republic Square and on 6th February 2012, the Maldives Police Service declined to use force to control or disperse the protests and joined the protest for the release of Judge Abdulla Mohamed [39]. In early hours of 7th January 2012, President Mohamed Nasheed was seen inside the Military head Quarters of the Maldives issuing orders to the Military [40].

The Maldives National Defense Force fired rubber bullets at the protesters [41], later the army refused to engage with the Police force and regiments of the army joined the protests[42]. President Nasheed resigned on 7th February 2012.

On 8th February 2012, Maldivian Democratic Party convened an emergency executive meeting and announced for all its members across the nation to go into streets in protests. President Mohamed Nasheed led the protests to the Republic Square, before his march reached inside the republic Square protesters were dispersed by Maldives Police Service. [43]

His resignation statement read: "I believe if I continue as the President of the Maldives, the people of the country would suffer more. I therefore have resigned as the President of Maldives. I wish the Maldives would have a consolidated democracy. I wish for justice to be established. My wish is for the progress and prosperity of the people. And I thank you all for your support and contributions to achieve success for the past three years."

Vice President Mohammed Waheed Hassan, who claims to have opposed Abdulla Mohamed's arrest was sworn as the new president of Maldives on the same day in accordance with the law of the Maldives. Nasheed now describes the event as a coup d'etat in which Hassan was complicit.[44]

[edit] Awards, honours and praise

In May 2009, Nasheed was presented with Coral Cultivation Initiative Award by Huvafen Fushi Resort and Underwater Spa, Maldives in recognition of his active participation in cultivating coral in the resort’s nursery as well as for his efforts in creating greater awareness on the impact of climate change in the Maldives.[45]

President Nasheed during the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference.

In June 2009, the Anna Lindh Memorial Fund awarded Nasheed, the 2009 Anna Lindh Award[46] for the instrumental role he played in bringing democracy to the Maldives and in recognition of his efforts on the world stage to highlight the dangers of climate change by bringing people and their human rights at the heart of the debate.[47]

In September 2009, at the global premier of the "Age of Stupid" Nasheed was presented with a "Not Stupid" Award for his efforts to tackle climate change and for the Maldives' announcement to become the first carbon neutral country in the world.[48] In the same month, Time magazine named Nasheed No. 1 in the "Leaders & Visionaries" category within its annual list of "Heroes of the Environment (2009)".[49]

On the Earth Day of 2010, Nasheed was awarded the Champions of the Earth Award, the United Nations’ most prestigious environmental prize at a gala event in Seoul, Republic of Korea which was in conjunction with the B4E Business for the Environment Global Summit. The summit was attended by more than 1,000 representatives from business, government, and civil society. According to a press release by the United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP the award was in recognition of Nasheed, being "an articulate voice for the vulnerable and the poor facing the challenges of global warming and also a politician who is showcasing to the rest of the world how a transition to climate neutrality can be achieved and how all nations, no matter how big or how small, can contribute".[50][51]


In 2010, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers.[52]

In March 2011, following his official visit to the Republic of Mauritius, he was decorated by President Anerood Jugnauth and was awarded the highest distinct order of merit in the country. He was elevated to the rank of Grand Commander of the star and key of the Indian ocean (GCSK) during the official lunch offered by the Jugnauth at the Château of Réduit .[53]

A documentary about Nasheed's efforts to halt climate change, The Island President, was filmed throughout 2009 and 2010, directed by Jon Shenk[54] and produced by Actual Films.[55] The film won the Cadillac People's Choice Documentary Award[56][57] at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and is scheduled to open in New York City on 28 March 2012, followed by limited release in Los Angeles and San Francisco.[58]

In a 2011 interview with The Guardian, British Prime Minister David Cameron described Nasheed as 'my new best friend' and said that he, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, Nicolas Sarkozy and John Key would be the five world leaders Cameron would invite on his stag weekend.[59]

[edit] References

  1. ^ "The Dregs of Dictatorship". The New York Times. 8 February 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/08/opinion/in-the-maldives-strangled-democracy.html?_r=1&hp. Retrieved 8 February 2012. 
  2. ^ "Maldives ex-president Mohamed Nasheed was 'forced out'" BBC News:World:Asia
  3. ^ "Mohamed Nasheed". The English Centre of International PEN. http://www.englishpen.org/writersinprison/writersinexile/mohamednasheed/. Retrieved 22 September 2009. 
  4. ^ "Continued detention of prisoner of conscience, Mohammed Nasheed". Amnesty International. 1 May 1996. http://asiapacific.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA290021996. Retrieved 22 September 2009. [dead link]
  5. ^ "New Maldives president sworn in". BBC News. 11 November 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7721335.stm. Retrieved 11 November 2008. 
  6. ^ www.miadhu.com.mv, Nasheed sworn in as Maldives new President
  7. ^ news.bbc.co.uk 'Anni' heralds new era in Maldives, BBC
  8. ^ "Gasim’s resignation will not deter government: President". Miadhu.com. http://www.miadhu.com/2008/12/local-news/gasims-resignation-will-not-deter-government-president-8627. Retrieved 05 December 2008. 
  9. ^ "Dr. Hassan Saeed Resigned from advisor to the President". Kishore.com. http://kish.in/tag/dr-hassan-saeed-resigned-from-advisor-to-the-president. Retrieved 18 February 2009. 
  10. ^ "Fathimath Diyaana Saeed's Resignation resignation". Haveeru.com. http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/39838. Retrieved 19 January 2012. 
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  12. ^ "Miadhu News – Maldives holds first under-sea cabinet meeting. President makes frantic call for urgent actionon climate change". Miadhu.com. http://www.miadhu.com/2009/10/local-news/maldives-makes-history-in-holding-first-under-sea-cabinet-meeting/. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  13. ^ Carbon-neutral goal for Maldives, BBC
  14. ^ "First photos coming From Maldives Underwater Cabinet Meeting for 350!". 350.org. http://www.350.org/about/blogs/first-photos-coming-maldives-underwater-cabinet-meeting-350. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  15. ^ Official Site[dead link]
  16. ^ "Press Release". Google. https://docs.google.com/fileview?id=0BxDd5x07UeJBYjFhNTVhMTgtMWM1My00ZTM5LTliM2MtN2VjMDRlNTIyNjY5&hl=en. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  17. ^ "Maldives Holds Underwater Cabinet Meeting To Bring Attention to Climate Change : TreeHugger". treehugger.com. http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/maldives-underwater-cabinet-meeting.php. Retrieved 20 October 2009. 
  18. ^ Reddy, B. Muralidhar (15 October 2009). "The Hindu : News / International : Maldives cabinet to meet underwater to highlight perils of climate change". Chennai, India: beta.thehindu.com. http://beta.thehindu.com/news/international/article34170.ece. Retrieved 17 October 2009. 
  19. ^ [1][dead link]
  20. ^ [2][dead link]
  21. ^ "Parliament only approves 5 out of 12 ministerial appointees". Minivan News. http://minivannews.com/politics/parliament-only-approves-5-out-of-12-ministerial-appointees-13530. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  22. ^ a b http://www.miadhu.com/2010/12/featured/supreme-court-rules-that-rejected-minister’s-cannot-remain/
  23. ^ "Speaker and Deputy Speaker will be unable to enter parliament if Hashim cannot, claims Reeko". Minivan News. http://minivannews.com/politics/speaker-and-deputy-speaker-will-be-unable-to-enter-parliament-if-hashim-cannot-claims-reeko-13580. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  24. ^ "Supreme Court has “no authority to dismiss ministers”, claims Reeko Moosa". Minivan News. http://minivannews.com/politics/supreme-court-has-no-authority-to-dismiss-ministers-claims-reeko-moosa-13789. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  25. ^ "Supreme Court rules rejected ministers cannot remain in their positions". Minivan News. http://minivannews.com/politics/supreme-court-rules-rejected-ministers-cannot-remain-in-their-positions-14240. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  26. ^ "President reappoints Sawad as Attorney General". Minivan News. 13 December 2010. http://minivannews.com/news-in-brief/president-reappoints-sawad-as-attorney-general-14286. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  27. ^ "Gasim’s resignation will not deter government: President". Miadhu.com. http://www.miadhu.com/2008/12/local-news/gasims-resignation-will-not-deter-government-president-8627. Retrieved 05 December 2008. 
  28. ^ "Mega Protests to occur all across Maldives tomorrow: President". Maldivestoday.com. http://www.maldivestoday.com/2011/12/22/mega-protests-to-occur-all-across-maldives-tomorrow/. Retrieved 22 December 2011. 
  29. ^ "Mega Protests to occur all across Maldives tomorrow". Haveeru Online.com. http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/39821. Retrieved 19 january 2012. 
  30. ^ "Maldives Military Arrests Cheif Judge Abdulla Mohamed". Haveeru Online.com. http://www.haveeru.com.mv/video/416. Retrieved 16 january 2012. 
  31. ^ "Police arrest Judge Abdulla against court orders". haveeru.com. http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/39785. Retrieved 17 january 2012. 
  32. ^ "Judge Abdullah Mohamed is arrested illegally even if I am crushed into pieces:: Kulhudhufushi PM Nasheed". miadhu.com. http://www.miadhu.com/2012/01/local-news/i-will-say-judge-abdullah-mohamed-is-arrested-illegally-even-if-i-am-crushed-into-pieces-kulhudhufushi-pm-nasheed/. Retrieved 27 january 2012. 
  33. ^ "Judge Abdulla’s arrest unconstitutional: Suood". miadhu.com. http://www.miadhu.com/2012/02/local-news/judge-abdullas-arrest-unconstitutional-suood/. Retrieved 3 February 2012. 
  34. ^ "The Human Rights Commission of the Maldives voices concerns and condemns ongoing acts calling them infringement fundamental rights of citizens and actions that could weaken the rule of law in the country – calls upon the President, Defense forces and the Ministry of Home Affairs to take immediate remedial action to address the issue". hrcm.gov.mv. http://hrcm.org.mv/news/page.aspx?id=112. Retrieved 01 january 2012. 
  35. ^ "The Constitution clearly states that the investigation of judges are mandated under the Judicial Services Commission". jsc.gov.mv. http://jsc.gov.mv/2012/01/1177. Retrieved 16 january 2012. 
  36. ^ "Govt rejects orders of JSC, High Court, PG and Chief Justice to release of Judge Abdulla". Miadhu.com. http://www.miadhu.com/2012/01/local-news/govt-rejects-orders-of-jsc-high-court-pg-and-chief-justice-to-release-of-judge-abdulla/. Retrieved 17 january 2012. 
  37. ^ "ICJ calls for release of Judge Abdulla". Sun.mv. http://sun.mv/english/1118. Retrieved 01 February 2012. 
  38. ^ "Government must release Judge Abdulla or charge him: UN". haveeru.com. http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/39983. Retrieved 29 January 2012. 
  39. ^ "Maldivian police join protesters". sundaytimes.lk. http://www.sundaytimes.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15524:maldivian-police-join-protesters-opposition&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=547. Retrieved 07 February 2012. 
  40. ^ "Dramatic last moments of Nasheed as Maldivian president". Firstpost.com. http://www.firstpost.com/world/dramatic-last-moments-of-nasheed-as-maldivian-president-209377.html. Retrieved 10 February 2012. 
  41. ^ "MNDF and Police Standoff". politicalviolencewatch.org. http://politicalviolencewatch.org/reports/view/206. Retrieved 7 February 2012. 
  42. ^ "MNDF ends resistance, joins with Police". miadhu.com. http://www.miadhu.com/2012/02/local-news/mndf-ends-resistance-joins-with-police/. Retrieved 7 February 2012. 
  43. ^ "Several injured in ongoing unrest in Male'". sun.mv. http://sun.mv/english/1250. Retrieved 8 February 2012. 
  44. ^ "Maldives ex-president Mohamed Nasheed was 'forced out'" BBC News:World:Asia 8 February 2012
  45. ^ "President receives Coral Cultivation Initiative Award", www.presidencymaldives.gov.mv
  46. ^ "President receives 2009 Anna Lindh Award", www.miadhu.com.mv
  47. ^ "Anna Lindh Prize 2009 to President of the Maldives", www.annalindhsminnesfond.se
  48. ^ "Maldives President 'Not Stupid'", doreview.blogspot.com
  49. ^ "Heroes of the Environment 2008: Leaders & Visionaries: Mohamed Nasheed", Ishaan Tharoor, Time
  50. ^ "Press Releases April 2010 – Green Economy Takes Centre Stage at UNEP 2010 Champions of the Earth Awards – United Nations Environment Programme". UNEP. http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=620&ArticleID=6538&l=en. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  51. ^ [3][dead link]
  52. ^ ""Foreign Policy Magazine"". Foreignpolicy.com. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/11/29/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=0,32. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  53. ^ "Mauritius Awards Highest Order to President of the Maldives". Perfectislands.com. http://www.perfectislands.com/blog/mauritius-awards-highest-order-to-president-of-the-maldives/. Retrieved 9 February 2012. 
  54. ^ Peter Debruge (12 September 2011). "The Island President (Docu)". Variety. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117946059/. Retrieved 8 February 2012. 
  55. ^ [4][dead link]
  56. ^ "Toronto International Film Festival Announces 2011 Award Winners" (Press release). tiff.. http://tiff.net/press/pressreleases/2011/toronto-international-film-festival-announces-2011-award-winners. Retrieved 8 February 2012. 
  57. ^ June Chua (18 September 2011). "Lebanese filmmaker wins top TIFF prize". CBC News. http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/tiff/story/2011/09/18/tiff-festival-winners.html. Retrieved 8 February 2012. 
  58. ^ Hilary Saunders (24 January 2012). "Radiohead Provide Soundtrack to The Island President Documentary". Paste. http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2012/01/radiohead-provide-soundtrack-to-the-island-preside.html. Retrieved 8 February 2012. 
  59. ^ "David Cameron, we have a few questions for you…". The Guardian (London). 25 November 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/nov/25/david-cameron-answers-questions. 

[edit] External links


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Preceded by
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom		 President of the Maldives
2008–2012		 Succeeded by
Mohammed Waheed Hassan
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Amira Hass (2004) • Tostan (2005) • Tatsiana Revjaka (2006) • Leonor Zabalata Torres (2007) • Khin Ohmar (2008) • Mohamed Nasheed (2009) • Jean Zaru (2010)
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