Morgana King

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Morgana King
Birth name Maria Grazia Morgana Messina
Born June 4, 1930 (1930-06-04) (age 81)
Pleasantville, New York, U.S.
Genres Vocal jazz, cool jazz, jazz blues, bossa nova, bebop, traditional pop
Occupations Singer, actress
Instruments Vocals
Years active 1946–1998
Labels Ascot, EmArcy, Mainstream, Mercury, Muse, Paramount, Reprise, Savoy, United Artists, Verve, Wing

Morgana King is an American singer and actress.[1][2][3] She is a noted jazz singer, who is regarded as a "musician's singer."[4][5][6] The musical œuvre of her stylized vocal artistry spans a period of more than four decades and has an "appeal that bridges generations, tastes and life styles".[7][8][9][10][11][12]

A sometime actress, she played Carmela Corleone, the wife of crime boss Vito Corleone in The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather Part II (1974).[13][14]

Contents

[edit] Early life

King was born Maria Grazia Morgana Messina in Pleasantville, New York. Her parents were of Sicilian descent "from Fiumefreddo di Sicilia, Province of Catania, Sicily."[15] Her mother and father were the only members of their respective families to immigrate to the United States.[15] The name DeBerardini(s) has been misidentified with her birth name. The name, DeBerardini(s), is actually from her second marriage to jazz trombonist Willie Dennis (William DeBerardinis (1926–1965)).[16]

She grew up in New York City, at 145th and Amsterdam, along with five siblings[4][17] in an artistically talented family. Her father, who owned a coal and ice business, played the piano and guitar by ear.[4][18][19] One of her sisters performed in the Italian theatre.[5] The family experienced a difficult financial period when her "mother was widowed" early.[17][17]

Around the age of thirteen, she studied acting from a member of the Shubert theatre family.[4][5] It was during this period that her vocal gift was recognized when she was overheard singing the aria "I'll See You Again" from Noël Coward's operetta Bitter Sweet.[4][20][21] This began her strong determination to become a singer and a scholarship to the Metropolitan School of Music soon followed.[4]

While still in her teens, there was a career choice change, but only in respect to the music genre on her first hearing jazz at age sixteen.[5] She developed a love for big bands (Benny Goodman,[22] Harry James,[23] and Duke Ellington[24]).[5]

[edit] Singing debut

Her professional singing career began at age sixteen under the stage name Morgana King.[5][25] When she sang in a Greenwich Village nightclub in 1953, a record label executive took interest after being impressed with the unique phrasing and multi-octave range.[5]

Three years later in 1956, her first album, and the only album with record label EmArcy Records, For You, For Me, For Evermore was released.[26] That same year, the song "Frankie and Johnny" appeared on The Young Ones of Jazz (Mercury Records).

[edit] Film debut

"I studied acting before I ever sang." —Morgana King[4]

In the first appearance of Leonard G. Feather's Encyclopedia of Jazz (1960), Morgana King stated that her ambition was "… to become a dramatic actress."[27] Nine years later in 1969, she began her acting career in the film production of Mario Puzo’s The Godfather, directed by Francis Ford Coppola,[28] in the role of Carmela Corleone, wife of Don Vito Corleone. She also appeared as herself in the television documentary The Godfather: Behind the Scenes (1971).[29]

In The Godfather she sang the song "Eh, Cumpari!". She reprised that role in The Godfather: Part II (1974), also directed by Coppola, in which she originally refused to be in the coffin for the wake scene, but later relented, allowing an establishing shot of her face.[13][14][30][31]

[edit] Career

[edit] Singing

"… as an artist… you can take any of this material and make it your own." —Morgana King[32]

Morgana King’s acclaimed vocal talent established her as one of the premier performers.[4] She headlined clubs, concert halls and hotels, and toured throughout the U.S., Europe, Australia and South America; e.g.: Basin Street;[33] bla-bla café;[34] Blue Note;[7] Blue Room at the Supper Club;[35] Café Leon;[36] Club Bali;[37][38] Cotton Club;[39][40] Fat Tuesday's;[41] Jilly's;[42] Joe Howard's Place;[43] Kenny's Castaways;[44] Lainie's Room;[45] Les Mouches;[46] Lush Life;[47] Mr. Sam's;[48] Rainbow Grill;[49] Reno Sweeney;[50] Scullers;[51] Sniffen Court;[52] Sweet Basil;[53] The Metropole;[54] Town Hall;[55][56] the Waterbury Hotels;[57] and Trude Heller’s.[58]

A few of the venue performances during her active career: the March 1956 Easter Jazz Festival at Town Hall in New York City;[56] she opened Trude Heller’s in July 1957 and returned throughout her career for anniversary performances;[58] also in 1957, along with seven female jazz instrumentalists, she performed at the Jazz Female concert held at Carnegie Recital Hall in November;[59] the Schaefer Music Festival in June 1976;[60] A Tribute to Billie Holiday at the Hollywood Bowl in July 1979;[61] the AIDS Research – Benefit Bash in 1983,[62] the Benefit for the Theater Off Park in May 1988;[63] the 2nd annual WPBX Jazz Festival at the Fine Arts Theater in August 1989.[64]

While performing in Lisbon, Portugal, she was interviewed by the television show host Henrique Mendes at the television station RTP (the sole television station at that time)."[65] By the 1970s, King (a non-smoker and non-drinker) became selective with the performing environment over concern for her voice and sang only one show a night.[4]

[edit] Musicians

A limited list of artists who performed and/or recorded with Morgana King over the years of her career are Ben Aronov,[66][67] Ronnie Bedford,[68] Ed Caccavale (drums), Clifford Carter,[69] Don Costa,[70] Eddie Daniels,[71] Sue Evans,[72] Larry Fallon,[73] Sammy Figueroa,[74] John Kaye (percussion), Helen Keane,[75] Art Koenig,[76] Steve LaSpina,[77] Scott Lee,[78] Jay Leonhart,[79] Ray Mantilla,[80] Bill Mays,[81] Charles McCracken,[82] Ted Nash,[83] Adam Nussbaum,[84] Warren Odze,[85] Joe Puma,[86] Don Rebic,[87] Jack Wilkins,[88] Joe Williams (bass), and Torrie Zito.[89][90][91][92][93]

[edit] Recording

Her repertoire contains more than two hundred songs on over thirty albums with songs also appearing on more than forty albums.[90][91][92][93] Most of her recordings and re-issues have not remained in the catalogs. There are limited CDs, audio tracks, mp3 downloads and lyrics available on the Internet along with a limited list of available LPs from businesses that offer re-mastering services for vinyl-to-CD.[94][95][96][97][98]

In 1964, King received a Grammy Award nomination in 1964 for Best New Artist.

The UCLA Music Library's Jimmy Van Heusen papers include a letter dated September 5, 1965 that pertains to "songs… to be given to Morgana King."[99] She recorded three songs by Van Heusen: "Here's That Rainy Day" (on It's a Quiet Thing, 1965), "Like Someone in Love" (on Stardust, 1986; and Another Time, Another Space, 1992) and "Imagination" (on Looking Through The Eyes Of Love, 1998).

Wing Records released the album considered a masterpiece: Winter Of My Discontent (1965).[100]

An extended recording relationship with Muse Records began in 1977, resulting in nine albums over twenty-three years.

[edit] Film

Morgana King appeared in five films, including The Godfather Parts I and II (1972 and 1974).

[edit] Television

Beginning with The Andy Williams Show and The Hollywood Palace in 1964, and continuing for a decade, she performed on television talk and variety shows including The Mike Douglas Show, The Dean Martin Show and The David Frost Show.[65][101]

Her acting credits include one television movie, two series and a soap opera.

[edit] Retirement

King announced her retirement from performing during an engagement at the Cotton Club in Chicago on Friday, December 10, 1993, and added that her recording would not be affected by the decision.[102] She continued to perform after that date but on a less frequent basis: the Ballroom,[103] Maxim's,[104] Mirage Night Club (a benefit jazz session),[105] and Roosevelt Hotel's Cinegrill.[106]

"I want to do things that are personally satisfying and that I can be proudly associated with." —Morgana King[4]

Her lack of a continued interest in acting was a twofold response to the issue surrounding offers of typecast roles[4] and the difficulty in getting "out of character".[5] Her last film appearance was in A Brooklyn State of Mind (1987).

[edit] Personal life

[edit] Relationships and family

Morgana King married twice. Her first marriage at age seventeen was to the rising young jazz trumpeter Tony Fruscella[107][108][109][110] (1927–1969), which ended in divorce after nine years (due to his substance abuse[4]). They had a daughter Graysan (1950–2008) and they have a grandson, Morgan.[111] Tony Fruscella was instrumental in her introduction to bebop and the works of Charlie Parker,[112] Thelonious Monk[113] and Billie Holiday.[4][19][114] During their marriage, the couple frequently had "Sunday dinner with Charlie Parker and his family."[4] His self-titled album, Tony Fruscella displays his early works.[115]

Her second marriage, in 1961, was to jazz trombonist Willie Dennis (William DeBerardinis (1926–1965)).[16][116][117] She met him during an off-night visit to the Birdland Jazz Club[118] where she went to hear Sam Donahue’s group.[4] He had performed with Gerry Mulligan[16][119] and Charles Mingus[120] and recorded the 1953 album release ‘Four Trombones’[121] on Mingus’ record label Debut Records. He had toured extensively with Benny Goodman,[22][122] Woody Herman[123] and Buddy Rich.[16][124] His skills and prior experience created a close career collaboration within their relationship, resulting in her album With a Taste of Honey, conceived and developed by him, which garnered critical acclaim for her.[4] The album is the initial source of aligning her style with the bossa nova. She travelled to Brazil with him to experience this new music style when he toured with Buddy Rich in 1960.[4][19] She said the experience was "an introduction to myself."[19] Their close collaboration was suddenly shattered in 1965 with his death from an automobile accident in Central Park, New York City.[125][126] Her album It's a Quiet Thing (Reprise, 1965) is a memorial to him.[5] A solo legacy of Willie Dennis can be heard in "Blueport" on Gerry Mulligan's album Live at the Village Vanguard (Verve Records).

After the death of Willie Dennis, she relocated to Southern California and lived for twenty-one years in Malibu.[5] She accepted Frank Sinatra's offer to record three albums on his record label Reprise Records (It's A Quiet Thing (1965), Wild Is Love (1966) and Gemini Changes (1967)).[5] She also sold real estate and focused on establishing an acting career.[5]

[edit] Legacy

An inquiry by Bill Evans into "the essential ingredient for a musician to be great." The response to his question was "To have your own sound."[127]

"Morgana King is the epitome of this criterion…[19] She indeed has her own sound in the best sense of this concept. —Bill Evans[127]

[edit] Style and influence

King's voice is notable for its four-octave range.[11][25][48][128][129] Her lyrical signature, an incomparable timbre[128] drawn across her instrument at will, is a unique vocal technique[49] that has the ability to convey the exquisite melancholy of a violin[48] as it delivers evocative prose with refined ease.[25] Being an interpretive artist and stylist,[130] her vocal treatment[103] creates a masterpiece of stunning beauty textured by her "pristine phrasing and crystalline vocal delivery."[6][49][103][128][129][131][132]

She continued to pursue new forms of expression and presentation by exploring current music trends, which can be heard and read from the list of songs and composers on more than thirty albums. She ventured into new creative areas throughout her career all the while keeping contact with her musical point of origin in jazz. Her distinctive sound has its criticism and detractors.[47][102][133][134]

In literature, the Library of Jazz Standards by Ronny Schiff (2002)[135] recognizes Morgana King as one of the performers who made famous the songs "Imagination" (Van Heusen, Burke), "Like Someone in Love" (Van Heusen, Burke) and "Will You Be Mine" (Adair, Dennis). Also, there is the occasional mention of her in fiction.[136][137][138][139][140]

She is credited with composition of the songs "Moe's Blues", which was recorded by Beverly Kenny on Beverly Kenny Sings for Johnny Smith (1955),[3] and "Simply Eloquent" with Monte Oliver, which appears on an album of the same title, initially released in 1986 by Muse Records. In 1991, she produced a set of seminars called Morgana King Fine Arts Series.[17] The seminars brought together small groups for recurring meetings every few months.[17] They were held at select venues that included Lincoln Center.[17] One of the functions of the series was to familiarize participants more extensively with performance methodologies. There was also a panel available to critique the performances.[17]

Her signature song is "A Taste Of Honey", which was originally released on the album With A Taste of Honey (Mainstream Records, 1964). Her most re-issued songs are "My Funny Valentine", from Everything Must Change (Muse, 1978), and the title track of For You, For Me, For Evermore (EmArcy Records, 1956).[90][91][92][93]

[edit] Quotes

"King has few peers as interpreter of pop standard songs" —John Hoglund[132]

"Eloquent is a near perfect adjective for Morgana King" —Joel Flegler[141]

"Morgana King has done the best version of You Are The Sunshine Of My Life I have heard." —Stevie Wonder[142]

"She has a gift that makes popular music… classical." —Donny Hathaway[142][143]

"We feel honored that she's chosen one of our songs to record and made such a gem of it!" —Kenny Rankin & Yvonne Rankin[142]

"… a singer as dedicated to the art of song as Morgana is a composer's dream." —Paul Williams[142][144]

"Morgana, As long as you will sing, I will stay!!" —Bobby Gosh[142]

[edit] Discography

Main article: Morgana King discography
See also: List of songs recorded by Morgana King

[edit] Filmography

Film
Year Title Role
1997 A Brooklyn State of Mind Aunt Rose
1987 A Time to Remember, aka Miracle in a Manger Mama Theresa
1978 Nunzio Mrs. Sabatino
1974 Mario Puzo's The Godfather: Part II Carmella Corleone
1972 Mario Puzo's The Godfather Carmella Corleone

[edit] Television

Television (TV)
Year Title TV Genre Role / Notes
1993 All My Children Soap opera Promotional title 'The Summer of Seduction'
Mrs. Manganaro
1985 Deadly Intentions TV Movie Anna Livanos
1977 The Godfather: A Novel for
Television		 Mini-series Mama Corleone (ep numbers 1.1 through 1.4)
1976 Jigsaw John: Thicker Than Blood Series Zoe Pappas
1974 The Mike Douglas Show Talk show Herself
1973 The Mike Douglas Show Talk show Herself (sn 10, ep 170)
1972 The Mike Douglas Show
The Mike Douglas Show
The Virginia Graham Show
The David Frost Show		 Talk show
Talk show
Talk show
Talk show		 Herself (sn 10, ep 165)
Herself (sn 10, ep 105)
Herself
Herself (sn 4, ep 130)
1971 The Virginia Graham Show
The Mike Douglas Show		 Talk show
Talk show		 Herself
Herself (sn 9, ep 114)
1971 The Godfather: Behind the Scenes Documentary Herself
1970 The David Frost Show Talk show Herself
1969 Playboy After Dark Variety show Herself (sn 1, eps 3 & 12)
1968 The Dean Martin Show

The Dean Martin Show		 Variety show

Variety show		 Performed "When The World Was Young" (sn 4, ep 8)

Performed "I Have Loved Me A Man".
Also performed "So Long", "Now Is The Hour" and "Auld Lang Syne" with Dean Martin. (sn 3, ep 29)
1968 The Woody Woodbury Show
The Pat Boone Show
The Rosey Grier Show		 Talk show
Variety show
Talk show		 Herself
Herself
Herself
1967 The Mike Douglas Show Talk show Herself (sn 5, ep 87)
1966 The Dean Martin Show Variety show Performed "Mountain High, Valley Low".
Also performed "Loch Lomond" and "Goodnight, Irene" with Dean Martin. (sn 1, ep 27)
1966 The Hollywood Palace
The Hollywood Palace		 Variety show
Variety show		 Herself (sn 4, ep 7)
Herself (sn 4, ep 3)
1965 The Mike Douglas Show Talk show Herself (sn 4, ep 28)
1964 The Hollywood Palace
The Andy Williams Show		 Variety show
Variety show		 Performed "A Taste Of Honey (sn 3, ep 6)"
Performed "Corcovado" with Andy Williams (sn 2, ep 4).

[edit] Videography

Video
Year Film Format Available (Yes/No)
2008 The Godfather: Restored Trilogy
The Godfather: The Coppola Restoration		 BLR, DVD
DVD		 Y
Y
2006 The Godfather Part II: Restored DVD Y
2005 A Brooklyn State of Mind DVD Y
2004 The Godfather Part II (1974): Widescreen; Dubbed; Re-mastered
The Godfather: Widescreen Edition		 DVD
DVD		 Y
Y
2005 A Brooklyn State of Mind

A Tribute To Billie Holiday: Recorded Live At the Hollywood Bowl
(1979)		 DVD

DVD: Morgana King interview and performances:
"Easy Living", As Time Goes By" and "God Bless The Child"		 Y

N
2001 Gordon Willis on Cinematography (Uncredited: Carmella Corleone) Archive footage N
1992 The Godfather Trilogy: 1901–1980 Archive footage N

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

  1. ^ Liner notes by Joel Dorn – Morgana King album The Complete Reprise Recordings (2000).
  2. ^ Liner notes by Ed Osborne – Morgana King re-issue album It's A Quite Thing (2006).
  3. ^ a b Beverly Kenny Sings For Johnny Smith. Toshiba EMI Japan 1955 song "Moe's Blues", track listing 11.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Liner notes by Doug Ramsey – Morgana King album Stretchin' Out (1977).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Morgana King throws heart and soul into jazz. Chicago Sun-Times, June 29, 1990 by Patricia Smith
  6. ^ a b Jazz diva Morgana King. Chicago Sun-Times, June 7, 1991 by Jae-Ha Kim
  7. ^ a b Morgana King, the Blue Note. New York Times, January 30, 1987 by Stephen Holden.
  8. ^ Liner notes by Charles A. Pomerantz – Morgana King album I Know How It Feels To Be Lonely (1968).
  9. ^ Morgana King Displays Skill on Thin Thread of Sound. New York Times, July 11, 1977 by John S. Wilson
  10. ^ Very distinctive, highly stylized singing. The New York Times, November 27, 1977 Arts and Leisure Guide
  11. ^ a b Morgana King Sings at Castaways. The New York Times, May 18, 1973 by John Rockwell
  12. ^ Kahn, Ashley. King of Blue, The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece (2007) page 193; ISBN 0-306-81558-3
  13. ^ a b Nichols, Peter M. The New York Times Guide to the Best 1000 Movies Ever Made (2004), page 390; ISBN 0-312-32611-4
  14. ^ a b Maltin, Leonard Leonard Maltin's 2009 Movie Guide (2008) page 530; ISBN 0-452-28978-5
  15. ^ a b Singer in 'Godfather' Role. The Deseret News, May 3, 1971 by Vernon Scott
  16. ^ a b c d Ian Carr, Digby Fairweather, Brian Priestley The Rough Guide to Jazz (2004) page 209; ISBN 1-84353-256-5
  17. ^ a b c d e f g Morgana King's Songs Offer Relief. Chicago Sun-Times, November 13, 1992 page 19, Weekend Plus
  18. ^ Leonard Feather & Ira Gitler. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz (2007) page 385; ISBN 0-19-532000-X
  19. ^ a b c d e "Morgana King Charms Her Audience With Style." New York Times, January 20, 1970
  20. ^ "Noël Coward Society". Noelcoward.net. December 16, 1969. http://www.noelcoward.net/home.html. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  21. ^ "Bitter Sweet". Musical-theatre.net. http://www.musical-theatre.net/html/recordcabinet/bittersweet.html. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  22. ^ a b "Benny Goodman". Benny Goodman. http://www.bennygoodman.com. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  23. ^ "Harry James Band". Harry James Band. http://harryjamesband.com. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  24. ^ "Duke Ellington". Duke Ellington. http://www.dukeellington.com. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  25. ^ a b c JAZZ: Morgana King. New York Times, September 2, 1985 by Stephen Holden
  26. ^ Andy Gregory, Eur. International Who's Who in Popular Music (2002') page 278. ISBN 1-85743-161-8
  27. ^ Feather, Leonard. Encyclopedia of Jazz Horizon Press, ISBN 978-0-8180-1203-7.
  28. ^ "Zoetrope". Zoetrope. http://www.zoetrope.com. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  29. ^ "The Godfather: Behind the Scenes": IBDb by Morgana King
  30. ^ Rolling Stone March 14, 1974, Issue 156 "Morgana King won't play dead" by Ben Fong-Torres
  31. ^ IMDb profile: Godfather II
  32. ^ Morgana King: A Tribute to Billie Holiday – Hollywood Bowl, 1979.
  33. ^ "Morgana King opened to a packed house" Billboard, September 25, 1954, v.77, no. 39 page 39.
  34. ^ Ross, Sandy. bla-bla café; ISBN 0-9777227-0-8.
  35. ^ Where Stardust Dreams Are, Always. New York Times, March 5, 1993 by Stephen Holden.
  36. ^ Jazz vocalist Morgana King appeared at the Café Leon Down Beat, 1961 page 55
  37. ^ The InTowner 'U' Street – Club Bali.pdf Scenes from the Past…
  38. ^ 'U' Street Jazz Club Bali Venues
  39. ^ Cotton Club… Morgana King. Chicago Sun-Times, October 30, 1992 by Lynn Voedisch
  40. ^ "… jazz vocalist, Morgana King, will perform at the Cotton Cotton." Chicago Sun-Times, June 10, 1992 by Lloyd Sachs.
  41. ^ Morgana King will sing tonight [at] Fat Tuesday's. The New York Times, February 14, 1986
  42. ^ Morgana King Down Beat, 1960 page 69
  43. ^ Morgana King Down Beat, Volume 28 (1961) page 48
  44. ^ Morgana King, Kenny's Castaways. The New York Times, March 24, 1974
  45. ^ Morgana King—Lainie's Room. The New York Times, April 9, 1978 Arts and Leisure Guide
  46. ^ Morgana King, singer at Les Mouches. The New York Times, May 13, 1979 Arts and Leisure Guide
  47. ^ a b Cabaret: Morgana King at Lush Life. The New York Times, March 29, 1982
  48. ^ a b c Cabaret: Morgana King. The New York Times, July 4, 1986 by Stephen Holden
  49. ^ a b c Dramatic Singing by Morgana King. The New York Times, January 26, 1972 Review
  50. ^ Morgana King at Reno Sweeney. New York Magazine, December 19, 1977 page 32.
  51. ^ "A Feast For Boston's Jazz Fans." The Boston Globe, April 13, 1990 by Fernando Gonzalez
  52. ^ Morgana King's instrumental group. The New York Times, July 8, 1963
  53. ^ Going Out Guide. The New York Times, December 20, 1980 Farther Downtown
  54. ^ "Morgana King, jazz singer, at The Metropole." The New York Times, March 17, 1967 Cabaret Tonight.
  55. ^ "The Town Hall". The-townhall-nyc.org. http://the-townhall-nyc.org. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  56. ^ a b "Jazz Ensembles Sound Seasonal Note With an Easter Festival at Town Hall." The New York Times, March 31, 1956.
  57. ^ Waterbury hotels. The New York Times, January 3, 1988 Connecticut Guide.
  58. ^ a b Morgana King… Trude Heller's. The New York Times, July 5, 1977 and July 10, 1977 Going Out Guide, Arts and Leisure Guide
  59. ^ Women Offer Jazz Concert. New York Times, November 30, 1957
  60. ^ "Schaefer Festival Opens On June 14 With Mancini." The New York Times, May 25, 1976
  61. ^ "A Tribute to Billie Holiday, Hollywood Bowl, July 1979". Amazon.com. September 9, 2009. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B001AU03NS. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  62. ^ Jet Sep 26, 1983, v. 65, no. 3 page 45.
  63. ^ Social Events, Harlem Celebrations. New York Times, May 22, 1988 by Robert E. Tomasson
  64. ^ Long Island Guide. The New York Times, July 30, 1989 Anniversary Fair.
  65. ^ a b Morgana King profile at IMDb
  66. ^ Ben Aronov at Allmusic
  67. ^ Music: Noted In Brief; Ben Aronov Plays Solo Jazz Piano New York Times, Oct 29, 1984 by John S. Wilson
  68. ^ Ronnie Bedford at Allmusic
  69. ^ "Clifford Carter". Clifford Carter. http://www.cliffordcarter.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  70. ^ Don Costa at Discogs
  71. ^ "Eddie Daniels". Eddiedanielsclarinet.com. http://www.eddiedanielsclarinet.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  72. ^ Sue Evans at Allmusic
  73. ^ "Larry Fallon". Larry Fallon. http://larryfallon.net/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  74. ^ "Sammy Figueroa". Sammy Figueroa. http://www.sammyfigueroa.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  75. ^ Helen Keane at University of Pittsburgh
  76. ^ Art Koenig at Concerned Musicians, Local 802
  77. ^ "Steve LaSpina". Steve LaSpina. http://stevelaspina.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  78. ^ "Scott Lee". Scottleemusic.com. http://scottleemusic.com/personal.htm. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  79. ^ "Jay Leonhart". Jay Leonhart. http://www.jayleonhart.com/home.html. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  80. ^ "Ray Mantilla". Mantillamusic.com. http://www.mantillamusic.com/events.php. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  81. ^ "Bill Mays". Bill Mays. http://www.billmays.net/tcj.html. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  82. ^ Charles McCracken at Allmusic
  83. ^ Ted Nash at Allmusic
  84. ^ Adam Nussbaus at Allmusic
  85. ^ Warren Odze at Iridium Jazz Club
  86. ^ Joe Puma at Classic Jazz Guitar
  87. ^ "Don Rebic". Don Rebic. http://donrebic.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  88. ^ "Jack Wilkins". Jack Wilkins. http://www.jackwilkins.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  89. ^ Torrie Zito at Jazz Professional
  90. ^ a b c Morgana King at Allmusic
  91. ^ a b c Morgana King at Amazon.com
  92. ^ a b c Morgana King at MTV
  93. ^ a b c Morgana King at Yahoo! Music
  94. ^ Morgana King at Napster
  95. ^ Morgana King at Rhapsody
  96. ^ Morgana King at MP3
  97. ^ Morgana King at Amazon.com: MP3 Downloads
  98. ^ Morgana King at Vinyl Revolution
  99. ^ UCLA Libraries: Archives Special Collections, Coll. no. 127-M, Box 121, Folder 52
  100. ^ Morgana King: Biography at Allmusic by Eugene Chadbourne
  101. ^ Morgana King at TV.com
  102. ^ a b "Morgana King Says Show Was Her Last." Chicago Sun-Times, Dec 13, 1993 by Lloyd Sachs
  103. ^ a b c Morgana King Still Offers Sensuality and Honey. New York Times, May 26, 1994 by Stephen Holden
  104. ^ A Dearth of Song And Dance. The Record, September 18, 1997 by Bill Ervolino
  105. ^ In America, Bird & Max. New York Times, May 20, 1996 by Bob Herbert
  106. ^ "Morgana King, Still Unique in Rare Appearance." Los Angeles Times, June 6, 2000 by Don Heckman.
  107. ^ Tony Fruscella at Jazz Discography
  108. ^ Tony Fruscella at Allmusic.com
  109. ^ Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, Stephen Thomas All Music Guide to Jazz, The Definitive Guide to Jazz Music (2002) page 443. ISBN 0-87930-717-X
  110. ^ Tony Fruscella. NYTimes Aug 14, 1969 age 42, Requiem Mass.
  111. ^ Liner Notes on I Just Can't Stop Loving You (1991).
  112. ^ "Charlie Parker". Cmgww.com. http://www.cmgww.com/music/parker/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  113. ^ Peter Gregory Grain M.D.. "Thelonious Monk". Monkzone.com. http://www.monkzone.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  114. ^ "Billie Holiday". Cmgww.com. http://www.cmgww.com/music/holiday/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  115. ^ Yanow, Scott The Trumpet Kings (2001) page 162. ISBN 0-87930-640-8
  116. ^ Berendt, Joachim Ernst The New Jazz Book, A History and Guide (1962) page 314
  117. ^ Porter, Lewis John Coltrane, His Life and Music (1999) page 59. ISBN 0-472-08643-X
  118. ^ "Birdland". Birdlandjazz.com. http://www.birdlandjazz.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  119. ^ "Gerry Mulligan". Gerry Mulligan. http://www.gerrymulligan.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  120. ^ "Charles Mingus". Mingusmingusmingus.com. http://www.mingusmingusmingus.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  121. ^ Jenkins, Todd S. I Know What I Know, The Music of Charles Mingus (2006) page 24. ISBN 0-275-98102-9
  122. ^ Crow, Bill From Birdland to Broadway, Scenes from a Jazz Life (1993) page 195. ISBN 0-19-508550-7
  123. ^ Down Beat Volume 25 1958 page 8
  124. ^ "Buddy Rich". Buddy Rich. http://www.buddyrich.com/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 
  125. ^ Jack, Gordon Fifties Jazz Talk, An Oral Retrospective (2004) page 85. ISBN 0-8108-4997-6
  126. ^ Liner notes by Fr. Norman O'Connors – Morgana King album It's A Quiet Thing.
  127. ^ a b Bill Evans, Liner notes by Doug Ramsey for Stretchin' Out (1977) and Portraits (1983).
  128. ^ a b c Pop: Morgana King, Singer, at Tuesday's. The New York Times, February 20, 1983 by Stephen Holden
  129. ^ a b New York Magazine, December 24, 1973 p. 52
  130. ^ the classic Morgana, the making of one of the great contemporary stylists… The New York Times, May 7, 1972 "Jazz – Moving Out of the Doldrums?"
  131. ^ Dahl, Linda. The Music and Lives of a Century of Jazz Women (1989) page 48; ISBN 0-87910-128-8
  132. ^ a b Liner Notes – John Hoglund's edited review from Native New York Magazine, Morgana King album This Is Always (1992).
  133. ^ Elecrified Sounds Blur Intimate Style Of Morgana King. New York Times, Nov 3, 1974
  134. ^ Sentiment, and a Strong Sense of Challenge. New York Times, Oct 17, 1965
  135. ^ Schiff, Ronny Library of Jazz Standards (2002); ISBN 0-8256-2757-5
  136. ^ Cott, Jonathan. Back To A Shadow In The Night, Music Writings and Interviews, 1968–2001 (2003) page 330; ISBN 0-634-03596-7
  137. ^ Gibson, Margaret. Sweet Poison‎ (1995) page 157; ISBN 0-00-647962-6
  138. ^ Palmer, Michael. The Society‎ (2005) page 197; ISBN 0-553-80204-6
  139. ^ Price, Richard Bloodbrothers (1999) page 52; ISBN 0-312-42869-3
  140. ^ Monique Guillory, Richard C. Green Soul: Black Power, Politics, and Pleasure (1997) page 83; ISBN 0-8147-3085-X
  141. ^ Joel Flegler Fanfare, Volume 10, Issues 3–4 (1987) page 282.
  142. ^ a b c d e Liner Notes Morgana King album 'New Beginnings' (1973).
  143. ^ Donny Hathaway at Almusic
  144. ^ http://paulwilliamsconnection.org. "Paul Williams". Paulwilliamsconnection.org. http://paulwilliamsconnection.org/. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 

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