Mother Temple of Besakih
Besakih
The Mother Temple of Besakih, or Pura Besakih, in the village of Besakih on the slopes of Mount Agung in eastern Bali, Indonesia, is the most important, the largest and holiest temple of Hindu religion in Bali,[1] and one of a series of Balinese temples.
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History [edit]
The temple probably dates to the fourteenth century.[citation needed]
Location [edit]
It was built on the south slopes of Mount Agung, the principal volcano of Bali.
Architecture [edit]
This Mother Temple is actually a complex made up of twenty-two temples that sit on parallel ridges. It has stepped terraces and flights of stairs which ascend to a number of courtyards and brick gateways that in turn lead up to the main spire or Meru structure, which is called Pura Penataran Agung. All this is aligned along a single axis and designed to lead the spiritual person upward and closer to the mountain which is considered sacred.[2]
The main sanctuary of the complex is the Pura Penataran Agung. The symbolic center of the main sanctuary is the lotus throne or padmasana, which is therefore the ritual focus of the entire complex. It dates to around the seventeenth century.[3]
A series of eruptions of Mount Agung in 1963, which killed approximately 1,700 people[4][5] also threatened Puru Besakih. The lava flows missed the temple complex by mere meters. The saving of the temple is regarded by the Balinese people as miraculous, and a signal from the gods that they wished to demonstrate their power but not destroy the monument the Balinese faithful had erected.
Festivals [edit]
Each year there are at least seventy festivals held at the complex, since almost every shrine celebrates a yearly anniversary. This cycle is based on the 210-day Balinese calendar year.[3]
It had been nominated as a World Heritage Site as early as 1995, but remains unvested.[6]
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The main temple of Besakih
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Pura Besakih
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Pura Besakih
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Pura Besakih
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A prayer ceremony at Besakih Temple
See also [edit]
Notes [edit]
- ^ "Mount Agung and Pura Besakih". Sacred Destinations. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ^ Mitchell, George (1998). The Hindu temple: an introduction to its meaning and forms. University of Chicago Press. p. 168. ISBN 0-226-53230-5.
- ^ a b Davison, Julian (2003). Introduction to Balinese architecture. Tuttle Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 0-7946-0071-9.
- ^ "Geology of Mt.Agung". Pusat Vulkanologi & Mitigasi Bencana Geologi — VSI. Retrieved 26 April 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Zen, M. T.; Hadikusumo, Djajadi (12/1964). "Preliminary report on the 1963 eruption of Mt.Agung in Bali (Indonesia)". The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
- ^ "Besakih — UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Tentative Lists. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 19 October 1995. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
Further reading [edit]
- I Nyoman Darma Putra and Michael Hitchcock (2005) Pura Besakih: A world heritage site contested in Indonesia and the Malay World, Volume 33, Issue 96 July 2005, pages 225 - 238
- Stuart-Fox, David J.(2002) Pura Besakih: temple, religion and society in Bali KITLV, Original from the University of Michigan (Digitized 5 September 2008 into Google Books) ISBN 90-6718-146-3, ISBN 978-90-6718-146-4 . 470 pages
External links [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pura Besakih |
Besakih travel guide from Wikivoyage
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Coordinates: 8°22′35″S 115°31′01″E / 8.3764°S 115.517°E
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