Movement disorder

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Movement disorder
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	F44.4, F98.4, G25.8-G25.9, R25.
ICD-9	333.9, 781.0
MeSH	D009069

Movement disorders include:

• Akathisia
• Akinesia (lack of movement)
• Associated Movements (Mirror Movements or Homolateral Synkinesis)
• Athetosis (contorted torsion or twisting)
• Ataxia
• Ballismus (violent involuntary rapid and irregular movements)
  • Hemiballismus (affecting only one side of the body)
• Bradykinesia (slow movement)
• Cerebral palsy
• Chorea (rapid, involuntary movement)
  • Sydenham's chorea
  • Rheumatic chorea
  • Huntington's disease
• Dystonia (sustained torsion)
  • Dystonia muscularum
  • Blepharospasm
  • Writer's cramp
  • Spasmodic torticollis (twisting of head and neck)
  • Dopamine-responsive dystonia (hereditary progressive dystonia with diurnal fluctuation or Segawa's disease)
• Geniospasm (episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip)
• Myoclonus (brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles)
• Parkinson's disease
• Restless Legs Syndrome RLS (WittMaack-Ekboms disease)
• Spasms (contractions)
• Stereotypic movement disorder
• Stereotypy (repetition)
• Tardive dyskinesia
• Tic disorders (involuntary, compulsive, repetitive, stereotyped)
  • Tourette's syndrome
• Tremor (oscillations)
  • Rest tremor (4-8 Hz)
  • Postural tremor
  • Kinetic tremor
  • Essential tremor (6-8 Hz variable amplitude)
  • Cerebellar tremor (6-8 Hz variable amplitude)
  • Parkinsonian tremors (4-8 Hz variable amplitude)
  • Physiological tremor (10-12 Hz low amplitude)
• Wilson's disease

[edit] Treatment

Treatment depends upon the underlying disorder.^[1]

[edit] References

v • d • e Mental and behavioral disorders (F · 290–319) Neurological/symptomatic Dementia (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia, Sundowning, Wandering) · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome · Organic brain syndrome Psychoactive substance/ substance abuse/ drug abuse/ substance-related disorder alcohol (acute alcohol intoxication, drunkenness, alcohol dependence, alcoholic hallucinosis, Alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, Korsakoff's syndrome, alcohol abuse) · opioids (opioid overdose, opioid dependency) · sedative/hypnotic (benzodiazepine overdose, benzodiazepine dependence, benzodiazepine withdrawal) · cocaine (cocaine dependence) · general (Intoxication/Drug overdose, Physical dependence, Rebound effect, Withdrawal) Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional Psychosis (Schizoaffective disorder, Schizophreniform disorder, Brief reactive psychosis) · Schizophrenia (Disorganized schizophrenia, Delusional disorder, Folie à deux) Mood (affective) Mania · Bipolar disorder (Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymia) · Depression (Major depressive disorder, Dysthymia, Seasonal affective disorder, Atypical) Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform Anxiety disorder Phobia Agoraphobia · Social anxiety/Social phobia (Anthropophobia) · Specific phobia (Claustrophobia) Other Panic disorder/Panic attack · Generalized anxiety disorder · OCD · stress (Acute stress reaction, PTSD) Adjustment disorder Adjustment disorder with depressed mood Somatoform disorder Somatization disorder · Body dysmorphic disorder · Hypochondriasis · Nosophobia · Da Costa's syndrome · Psychalgia · Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome, Globus pharyngis) · Neurasthenia Dissociative disorder Dissociative identity disorder · Psychogenic amnesia · Fugue state · Depersonalization disorder Physiological/physical behavioral Eating disorder Anorexia nervosa · Bulimia nervosa · Rumination syndrome · NOS Nonorganic sleep disorders (Nonorganic hypersomnia, Nonorganic insomnia) · Parasomnia (REM behavior disorder, Night terror, Nightmare) Sexual dysfunction Erectile dysfunction · Premature ejaculation · Vaginismus · Dyspareunia · Hypersexuality · Female sexual arousal disorder Postnatal Postpartum depression · Postnatal psychosis Adult personality and behavior Personality disorder · Impulse control disorder (Kleptomania, Trichotillomania, Pyromania) · Factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome) sexual and gender identity: Sexual maturation disorder · Ego-dystonic sexual orientation · Sexual relationship disorder · Paraphilia (Voyeurism, Fetishism) Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood Mental retardation X-Linked mental retardation (Lujan-Fryns syndrome) Psychological development (developmental disorder) Specific speech and language (expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau–Kleffner syndrome, lisp) · Scholastic skills (dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome) · Motor function (developmental dyspraxia) Pervasive Autism · Rett syndrome · Asperger syndrome Behavioral and emotional ADHD · Conduct disorder (ODD) · emotional disorder (Separation anxiety disorder) · social functioning (Selective mutism, RAD, DAD) · Tic disorder (Tourette syndrome) · Speech (Stuttering, Cluttering) · Movement disorder (Stereotypic) psychology navs: mental processes, disorders, symptoms/signs, speech/voice, psychotherapy

v • d • e Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS (G04–G47, 323–349) Inflammation Brain Encephalitis (Viral encephalitis, Herpesviral encephalitis) · Cavernous sinus thrombosis · Brain abscess (Amoebic) Spinal cord Myelitis: Poliomyelitis · Demyelinating disease (Transverse myelitis) · Tropical spastic paraparesis Both/either Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) Meningoencephalitis Brain/ encephalopathy Degenerative Extrapyramidal and movement disorders Basal ganglia disease: Parkinsonism (PD, Postencephalitic, NMS) · PKAN · Tauopathy (PSP) · Striatonigral degeneration · Hemiballismus · HD · OA Dyskinesia: Dystonia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's, Blepharospasm) · Chorea (Choreoathetosis) · Myoclonus (Myoclonic epilepsy) Tremor (Essential tremor, Intention tremor) · Restless legs · Stiff person Dementia Tauopathy: Alzheimer's (Early-onset) · Frontotemporal dementia/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (Pick's, Dementia with Lewy bodies) Multi-infarct dementia Mitochondrial disease Leigh's Demyelinating autoimmune (Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyelitis optica, Schilder's disease) · hereditary (Adrenoleukodystrophy, Alexander, Canavan, Krabbe, ML, PMD, VWM, MFC, CAMFAK syndrome) · Central pontine myelinolysis · Marchiafava-Bignami disease · Alpers' Episodic/ paroxysmal Seizure/epilepsy Focal · Generalised · Status epilepticus · Myoclonic epilepsy Headache Migraine (Familial hemiplegic) · Cluster · Tension Cerebrovascular TIA (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) Stroke (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's, Millard-Gubler, Lateral medullary, Weber's, Lacunar stroke) Sleep disorders Insomnia · Hypersomnia · Sleep apnea (Obstructive, Ondine's curse) · Narcolepsy · Cataplexy · Kleine-Levin · Circadian rhythm sleep disorder (Advanced sleep phase syndrome, Delayed sleep phase syndrome, Non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome, Jet lag) CSF Intracranial hypertension (Hydrocephalus/NPH, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension) · Cerebral edema · Intracranial hypotension Other Brain herniation · Reye's · Hepatic encephalopathy · Toxic encephalopathy Spinal cord/ myelopathy Syringomyelia · Syringobulbia · Morvan's syndrome · Vascular myelopathy (Foix-Alajouanine syndrome) · Spinal cord compression Both/either Degenerative SA Friedreich's ataxia · Ataxia telangiectasia MND UMN only: PLS · PP · HSP LMN only: PMA · PBP (Fazio-Londe, Infantile progressive bulbar palsy) · SMA (SMN-linked, Kennedy disease, SMAX2, DSMA1) both: ALS central nervous system navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc

v • d • e Symptoms and signs: nervous and musculoskeletal systems (R25-R29, 781.0, 781.2-9) Primarily nervous system Primarily CNS Movement disorders Dyskinesia: Athetosis · Tremor Gait abnormality Scissor gait · Cerebellar ataxia · Festinating gait · Propulsive gait · Stomping gait · Spastic gait · Magnetic gait Lack of coordination Dyskinesia: Ataxia (Cerebellar ataxia/Dysmetria, Sensory ataxia) Dysdiadochokinesia · Asterixis Other Abnormal posturing: Opisthotonus Perceptual disorder: Hemispatial neglect Facial weakness · Hyperreflexia · Pronator drift Primarily PNS Gait abnormality Steppage gait · Antalgic gait Primarily muscular Movement disorders Spasm (Trismus) · Fasciculation · Fibrillation · Myokymia · Cramp  · Restless legs syndrome Gait abnormality Myopathic gait · Trendelenburg gait · Pigeon gait Other Tetany · Meningism Primarily skeletal Rachitic rosary · Clubbing central nervous system navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc peripheral nervous system navs: anat/histo/physio/dev, noncongen PNS somatic/autonomic/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc muscle, DF+DRCT navs: anat/hist/physio, acquired myopathy/congenital myopathy/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc Bone and cartilage navboxes: anat / physio / dev, noncongen / congen / neoplasia, symptoms+signs / eponymous signs, proc

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