Muhammad Ali Bogra
| Mohammed Ali Bogra মোহাম্মদ আলী বগ্রা |
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| Prime Minister of Pakistan | |
| In office 17 April 1953 – 12 August 1955 |
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| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor General | Malik Ghulam Muhammad |
| Preceded by | Khawaja Nazimuddin |
| Succeeded by | Chaudhry Muhammad Ali |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 13 June 1962 – 23 January 1963 |
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| President | Ayub Khan |
| Preceded by | Manzur Qadir |
| Succeeded by | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| In office 24 October 1954 – 12 August 1955 |
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| Preceded by | Muhammad Zafarullah Khan |
| Succeeded by | Hamidul Huq Choudhury |
| Minister of Defence | |
| In office 17 April 1953 – 24 October 1954 |
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| Preceded by | Khawaja Nazimuddin |
| Succeeded by | Ayub Khan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 19 October 1909 Barisal, Bengal Presidency, British India (now in Bangladesh) |
| Died | 23 January 1963 (aged 53) Dacca, East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Dhaka, Bangladesh) |
| Resting place | Bogra, East Pakistan, Pakistan (now in Bangladesh) |
| Political party | Muslim League |
| Alma mater | University of Calcutta |
Nawabzada Mohammed Ali Bogra (Urdu: محمد علی بوگرہ; Bengali: মোহাম্মদ আলী বগ্রা; October 19, 1909—January 23, 1963) was a well-known and notable Pakistani Foreign service officer of Bengali origin, serving as the third Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1953 until 1955, and prior to that, was also the Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 1954 to 1955.
Grew up in East-Pakistan and educated at the Calcutta University of India, Bogra was one of the core and principle Founding Fathers of current and modern state of Pakistan, responsible for leading the Muslim League in East Pakistan, in charge of party's foreign directorate. Bogra was the second Pakistan Ambassador to the United States, serving in two non-consecutive terms, and was also the second Bengali to have became the prime minister. His government too saw the civil unrest, problems with India, foreign challenges, economical distress, and Kashmir issue. His government also suffered with internal violence and threat of communism in East Pakistan and socialism in West Pakistan, that shrunk his credibility, leading the dismissal of his government.
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Early life and Family [edit]
Born at Bogra to a Muslim family descended from the Nawabs of Bengal, he was a grandson of Nawab Bahadur Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury and attended the University of Calcutta and followed his education with a career in politics.
Ali was married twice. He first married Hamida with who he had two sons.[1] In 1955, he married again to Aliya Saddy.[1] His second marriage led to wide spread protests by women activists in the country.[2]
Political career [edit]
In 1937 he began to receive prominence when he was elected to the assembly of Bengal. He would move up within the government of Bengal, serving under Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy as the Health Minister and later Finance Minister.
Upon the formation of Pakistan in 1947, Bogra was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan but after disagreement with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the Governor-General, over the issue of the Bengali Language, he was sent abroad as an Ambassador and served in Burma, Canada, and eventually as a two-time Ambassador to the United States.
Prime minister [edit]
In 1953, he was selected by Governor General of Pakistan Ghulam Muhammad to replace Khawaja Nazimuddin as the Prime Minister. Bogra was a relatively unknown personality to the national political scene of that time. He was serving as Ambassador to the US when he was recalled to take the office of Prime Minister. As Prime Minister, he set out to form a constitution.
In order to complete this, he outlined his famous "Bogra Formula" that sought to form a bicameral legislature. An Upper House would have contained 50 seats, 10 from each province, i.e. with 10 from East Pakistan and 40 from West Pakistan. A Lower House would have contained 300 seats. The lower house seats would be determined by population of province, and East Pakistan would have 165 seats, while the four provinces of West Pakistan would have a combined 135 seats, but would be split among the provinces. A provision was also put in place that stated that if the President of Pakistan were from West Pakistan, then the Prime Minister would have to be from East Pakistan, and vice-versa. The plan was very popular, but was killed when Ghulam Muhammad dissolved the Pakistani Assembly later in 1953.
Resignation and death [edit]
Bogra was forced to resign in 1955 by the new Governor General, Iskander Mirza. He returned to his post as ambassador to the United States. In 1962 he became the foreign minister of Pakistan, until his death in 1963. He was buried in the family grave of Nawab Palace in his hometown of Bogra in present day Bangladesh.
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ a b Mohammad Ali and Hamide. corbis 1955 Retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Ansari, Sarah, "Polygamy, Purdah and Political Representation: Engendering Citizenship in 1950s Pakistan" in Modern Asian Studies 43, 6 pg 1426-1428. Cambridge University Press 2008
External links [edit]
| Diplomatic posts | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Abol Hassan Ispahani |
Ambassador to the United States 1952–1953 |
Succeeded by Amjad Ali |
| Preceded by Amjad Ali |
Ambassador to the United States 1955–1959 |
Succeeded by Aziz Ahmed |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Khawaja Nazimuddin |
Prime Minister of Pakistan 1953–1955 |
Succeeded by Chaudhry Muhammad Ali |
| Minister of Defence 1953–1954 |
Succeeded by Ayub Khan |
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| Preceded by Muhammad Zafarullah Khan |
Minister of Foreign Affairs 1954–1955 |
Succeeded by Hamidul Huq Choudhury |
| Preceded by Manzur Qadir |
Minister of Foreign Affairs 1962–1963 |
Succeeded by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
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