Mujaddid
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A mujaddid (Arabic: مجدد), according to the popular Muslim tradition, refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, remove from it any extraneous elements and restore it to its pristine purity. A mujaddid might be a caliph, a saint (wali), a prominent teacher, a scholar or some other kind of influential person.[citation needed]
The concept is based on the following Prophetic tradition (hadith): Abu Hurairah narrated that the Islamic prophet Muhammad said;
"Allah shall raise for this Ummah at the head of every century a man who shall renew (or revive) for it its religion."
[edit] List of potential Mujaddideen
[edit] First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)
- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (682–720)[2]
[edit] Second Century (August 10, 815)
- Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i (767–820)[3]
[edit] Third Century (August 17, 912)
- Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874) – (936)[3]
[edit] Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)
- Hakim al-Nishaburi (933–1012)[3]
[edit] Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)
- Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058–1111)[4]
[edit] Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)
- Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1210)[5]
[edit] Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)
- Muhammad ibn Arabi (1165–1240)[6]
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328)[7][8][9]
[edit] Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)
- Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (1372–1448)[10]
[edit] Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)
- Jalaludin Al-Suyuti (1445–1505)[2]
[edit] Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)
- Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)[2]
[edit] Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)
- Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)[11]
- Imam al-Haddad (1634–1720)[12]
[edit] Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)
- Shah Abdul Aziz Delhwi (1745–1823)[13]
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792)[14][15][16]
- Usman Dan Fodio (1754–1817)[17]
[edit] Thirteenth Century (November 12, 1882)
- Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908)[18][19] – Note: Ghulam Ahmad proclaimed himself the Mujaddid of the 13th century,[20] a claim which is accepted by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community,[21] but rejected by most other Muslim communities, many of whom regard him as an apostate.[22]
- Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921)[23]
- Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863–1943)[24][25] [26]
[edit] Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)
- Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani (1914–1999)[27]
- Mohammed al-Ghazali (1917–1996)[28][29][30][31]
- Muhammad Zakariya al-Kandahlawi (1898–1982)[32]
[edit] References
- ^ Sunnan Abu Dawud, 37:4278
- ^ a b c "Mujaddid Ulema". http://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/fiqha_e96.html.
- ^ a b c Waliullah, Shah. Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa. p. 77, part 7.
- ^ "Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth Century Hujjat al-Islam". http://www.thepenmagazine.net/imam-ghazali-the-sun-of-the-fifth-century-hujjat-al-islam/.
- ^ "al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)". http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H044.htm.
- ^ "Reflections of Ibn 'Arabi in Early Naqshbandî Tradition". http://www.ibnarabisociety.org/articles/naqshibandi.html.
- ^ "Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah and the praise of the imams for him". http://islamqa.com/en/ref/96323/.
- ^ "Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani on Ibn Taymiyyah". http://www.ibntaymiyyah.com/articles/hqddp-ibn-hajar-al-asqalani-on-ibn-taymiyyah-part-1.cfm.
- ^ "Role of Sheikh Ibn Taymiyyah as the "Mujaddid"". http://www.iqrasearch.com/islamic-scholars/what-was-the-role-of-sheikh-ibn-taymiyyah-as-the-mujaddid-in-the-renewal-of-islam.html.
- ^ "Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani". http://www.islamic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Biographies/ibn_hajar.htm.
- ^ Glasse, Cyril (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. p. 432.
- ^ "A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad". http://www.iqra.net/articles/al-haddad.html.
- ^ Gyarwee Sharif "Gyarwee Sharif". http://www.almukhtarbooks.com/?p=63 Gyarwee Sharif.
- ^ "Short Biography of The Reviver Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9L-P-9AoT0&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL.
- ^ "Imaam Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab - His Life and Mission - by Sheikh ibn Baz". http://www.ahya.org/amm/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=180.
- ^ "Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhaab – a reformer concerning whom many malicious lies have been told - IslamQA". http://islamqa.com/en/ref/36616.
- ^ John O. Hunwick. African And Islamic Revival in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources : #6 (1995).
- ^ "The Promised Messiah". http://www.alislam.org/topics/messiah/index.php.
- ^ Rippin, Andrew. Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. p. 282.
- ^ "Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad". http://www.alislam.org/books/3in1/chap2/index.html. Chapter Two
- ^ "British Government and Jihad". http://www.alislam.org/library/books/BritishGovt-and-Jihad.pdf.
- ^ "AlaHazrat". http://www.hazrat.org/renewal.htm.
- ^ "Alahazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan". http://www.alahazrat.net/events/ursealahazrat/servicesasamujaddid.htm. Services As A Mujadid
- ^ "Hadhrat Thanwi, Hakimul-ummat, Mujaddidul-millat". http://annoor.wordpress.com/biography-of-hazrat-thanwi/.
- ^ "It is for this reason that he has been given the titles Hakimul Ummat and Mujaddid-e-Millat.". http://www.haqislam.org/maulana-ashraf-ali-thanwi/.
- ^ "Darul Uloom, Deobandi website". http://darululoomwaqf.com/ashraf-ali-thanvi.php. Retrieved March 2012.,
- ^ "Al-Albani: The great reviver of our era". http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2009031632293.
- ^ "Mohammed al-Ghazali, Overseer of the Islamic Awakening and his Ummah's Path". http://www.safaa-kh.com/?p=69.
- ^ Bensaid, Benaouda. Towards a model of Da'wah in Contemporary Societies: The Case of Shaykh Muhammad Al-Ghazālī (1917-1996) (Ph.D thesis). McGill University.
- ^ Grine, Fadila. The Problem of Culture in Shaykh Ghazali s Thought: The Muslim Woman as a Case Study (Ph.D thesis). Universiti Malaya.
- ^ "al-Ghazali as al-Qaradawi sees him". http://www.alghazaly.org/index.php?id=2.
- ^ "Hadhrat Shaykh Zakariyya: Mujaddid of last century". http://whitethreadpress.com/authors/shaykh_zakariyya.htm.
[edit] External links
- Islami Mehfil, Concept Of Revivalist (Mujaddid) In Islam
- (French) Shah Waliyu Llah about the Mujaddids
- (French) Al Hafiz Adh Dhahabi about the Mujaddids
[edit] Further reading
- Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
- Friedmann, Yohanan. "Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity". Oxford India Paperbacks
